1 Abstract in English Thesis Presidential Elections in the history of the Czechoslovak state confronts individual successful Presidential Elections in the history of the Czechoslovak state from 1918 to 1992. Thesis describes its legislative forms (written level from acts) and its real processes (practical level from shorthand record and other sources) too. These two levels are compared to each other. Except it, the thesis compares Presidential Elections in the democratic state and in the period, when the Communist Party controls the Elections. Why I choose this theme? I would like to answer on some questions from introduction, for example: Does something connect something individual Presidential Elections? What was characteristic for the Elections in the democracy and in the communistic regime? Was there something unconstitutional from the Elections? Can knowledge of the historical evolution contribute discussions about the Presidential Election at present? The thesis is divided to seven chapters. First chapter has two subchapters, the first one (in four parts) is about legal regulations of the Presidential Election from 1918 to 1920, the second one describes first T. G. Masaryk's presidential election. It was uncontrolled election with acclamation. Second chapter presents in first subchapter (and its four...

The basic task of this thesis is to analyse the political visions of Václav Klaus. The start point is Klaus's entry into high politics in 1989 and the final is the period of his presidency, i. e. the present time. The first part briefly discusses Klaus's professional career before 1989. The following chapter discusses the input Vaclav Klaus in politics, his role in the division of Czechoslovakia and subsequently his position after the establishment of the independent Czech Republic (the position of Prime Minister of the Czech government and since 1997 head of the main opposition party). Next part of the thesis is concerned to the position of the President in relation to the government, the legislature and the judiciary. The President's powers are defined in terms of both constitutional theory and in relation to how the powers developed in conjunction with the practice. There are such examples of presidential vetoes. The thesis also discusses Klaus' attitudes towards selected key issues such as internal politics and presidential powers under it, the relationship with the European Union, relations with Russia, relation to environmental issues, the views of the civil society and NGOism). The aim is to answer the question of how developed during the time of Klaus' political visions, and analyse their consistency. The thesis does not discuss the evaluating or analysing the Klaus's views as such, but only examines the sources of these ideas, their development and their integrity.

The present work deals with the institutes of a pardon and amnesty and their utilization in the Czech Republic. It focuses on the current domestic legislation and its application by the particular decisions of the presidents of the republic. The author points out the advantages and disadvantages of the current legal regulation. The aim of the work is to provide a summary of the issues and to suggest eventual alterations of the current legislation. The work is, apart from the introduction and the conclusion, composed of five chapters. The first one introduces into the subject of the work and characterises the institute of a pardon and amnesty and their three forms, i.e. a pardon and a mitigation of penalties imposed by the court, a suspension of criminal proceedings and a deletion of a sentence. The second chapter deals with the regulation of the institutes. First, it presents history of this regulation and afterwards it analyses current legal regulations contained in the Constitution of the Czech Republic and others laws. The third chapter concerns just the institutes of a pardon. It focuses primarily on the presidential orders delegating a part of his power to Minister of Justice and also on the proceeding of a grand pardon. At the end of the chapter, there is the utilization rate of the pardon institute...

The Constitutional Institute of Pardon and Amnesty The diploma thesis called The Constitutional Institute of Pardon and Amnesty is dealing with highly relevant issues often discussed at the political scene of the Czech Republic. It reflects the current debate on whether the institutes should remain in the legal system of the Czech Republic. The main thesis was chosen accordingly - on the contrary to arguments pleading for removing the institutes. The diploma thesis explains the main terms and theoretical divisions, as well as various forms of the institutes of pardon and amnesty. One of the chapters is devoted to the meaning of the institutes which may play a significant role when considering legitimacy of pardons and amnesties. Current domestic legislation regarding the institutes is described with regard to consequences of international law. The process of presidential pardon granting is elaborated in detail. Critical moments of the process are emphasised and different approaches of the three presidents of the Czech Republic are compared. The chapter concerning amnesty is constructed similarly. Critical moments of the institutes of pardon and amnesty are discussed thoroughly. The focus is aimed to problems such as responsibility, overusing or misusing of the institutes or clash with the...

1 Abstract CONSTITUTIONAL INSTITUTES OF PARDON AND AMNESTY This thesis deals with constitutional institutes of pardon and amnesty. The thesis aims to provide information on existing legal regulation of this area, closer explanation of the particular legal institutes, describe their historical development and show the way of their application during tenures of Czech presidents. The Introduction contains brief summary of the goals of the thesis, its structure and reasons for choice of the respective topic. The First Chapter is devoted to definition of elementary terms of pardon and amnesty and explanation of basic differences of their forms, i.e. abolition, agraciation and rehabilitation since correct understanding of these terms is crucial for understanding of the whole following text, The Second Chapter deals with historical development of the constitutional institutes in question before emergence of the independent Czech Republic. The Third Chapter contains analysis of current legal regulation in constitutional and general law. The Fourth Chapter is devoted to pardon, particularly more thorough analysis of transfer of capacity to grant pardons and procedural affairs related to granting of pardons in practice. Final part of this Chapter contains description of specific pardons granted during tenures of...

The controversial performance of the Czech head of state - Miloš Zeman, during his first term in the office, offers reflection on whether the Czech president should or should not be politically responsible for his actions. The absence of mechanisms, by which could be the acting president recalled from his office allows Czech head of state to straighten out the scope of constitutional powers attributed to the head of the state with no real consequences. The master thesis will attempt to present the mechanisms and circumstances that led to the withdrawal of presidents (or governor) of selected countries - specifically Lithuania, Romania and California. The aim of the thesis will be to assess the circumstances in which it would be appropriate to introduce similar mechanisms designated for withdrawing directly elected Czech head of the state from its office, and to analyze the tools for the dismissal of presidents, which have already been used in practice.

This Diploma thesis is focused on analysing the role of the media during the direct election of the President of the Czech Republic in 2018. It addresses the issue of news coverage that should be perceived as value neutral. The first part includes not only explanation of theoretical concepts, but also a view of media and politics in the world and examples of media coverage of elections in the USA and Sweden. The aim of this thesis is to perform content analysis on different types of mass media, such as TV and radio broadcasting, printed newspapers and online news sites and to evaluate the influence of selected media types on result of the presidential elections in the Czech Republic in 2018, using both quantitative and qualitative method.

The topic of this diploma thesis is direct elections of the President of Slovak Republic in context of other Central European countries - particularly Czech Republic and Poland. The subject of my analysis were selected aspects of presidential election, which I analyzed in the third chapter (in case of Slovakia), dedicated to direct elections of Slovak president in 1999, 2004 and 2009; and in the fourth chapter, which is dedicated to last direct election. Among analyzed aspects (in case of Slovak presidential election) a trend of declining interest in the first round of elections was confirmed; also sooner claiming of candidacy, compared with previous elections. The latter fact is connected with longer and longer pre-election campaign, which is also more and more personal and offensive. The ratio of partisan and non-partisan candidates was in all elections about the same (approx. 3:2 in favor of partisan candidates). In the fifth chapter of the thesis I analyzed these aspects in case of direct presidential elections in Poland and Czech Republic. Then, I compared them. According to analysis, women in Poland almost were not standing for president at all (there were even fewer women candidates than in Slovakia), but in Poland we can see much higher number of very prominent candidates (especially former...

Theme of directly elected President was present on Czechoslovak and Czech political field regularly since 1989. Different proposals rose discussion in media and between the specialists from Political science. Diploma thesis captures the changes of specialized, political and media discussion during the years. The opinion of the Public is present in Public opinion polls. Diploma thesis also describes the circumstances of adoption of the Amendment to the Constitution and of the Implementing Law. Part of the Diploma thesis is also theoretical introduction concerning the regimes from the point of view of their polity and also a chapter about the institution of the president concerning his constitutional formal and informal powers since 1918 till these days.

This dissertation analyzes the institution of president of republic. It describes specifics of this institution, located between "chief of state" and executive body. Then the dissertation studies his relationship to executive power. It covers analysis of presidential constitutional powers, but also other aspects, influencing presidential position and power in constitutional system. Necessary part of this analysis is study of constitutional position of president. This study comes from parliamentary character of constitutional system and presidential powers in this system. It also includes comparison of chosen parliamentary systems. Then the dissertation analyzes specific phenomenon of Czech president. In this country president traditionally has weak constitutional power, but in contrast he disposes with strong authority in public, and this authority gives him big informal influence in political relationships. It can empower his position very well. Dissertation analyzes historical sources of this phenomenon, development of constitutional power of president and also traditions and constitutional use in praxis. It takes a thing about the role of all presidents in all [very diverse] regimes during Czechoslovak and Czech statehood. Development of presidential tradition after assumption of actual constitution is...