Around the world, countries are moving towards a market economy in order to integrate the global marketplace. Telecommunications are among the industries concerned the most in this trend, as governments are significantly reducing their involvement in this industry through liberalization and/or partial or complete privatization of their national telecommunications corporations. For Burkina Faso it is no different, as ONATEL, the national telecommunications company in Burkina Faso, has been caught in this trend. Since December 1998, the government of Burkina Faso initiated a reform of its telecommunications sector with the overall goal to achieve the liberalization of telecommunications services, and accomplish a mixed ownership of ONATEL. The objective of this study is to review the ongoing privatization of ONATEL based on an analysis of general practices regarding economic reforms applied elsewhere, and then make recommendations for both the government of Burkina Faso and ONATEL, for a successful implementation of the process and the national telecommunication policies. We accomplish this objective through four research questions. The first one correlates privatization and economic development with the aim to see how the divesture of ONATEL can foster the telecommunications development in Burkina Faso. The second one emphasizes the government chosen strategy to privatize ONATEL, allowing for a review of alternative privatization methods and the rationale behind the government’s option. The third research questions deals with ONATEL’s strategies to sustain its development amongst an environment of increased competition. This question facilitates an assessment of the firm’s preparation for competition and allows for the formulation of some recommendations in such regard. The last research question touches on the privatization process of Chunghwa Telecom, the once, state-owned Telecommunications Company in Taiwan. This final aspect of the research helps to extract effective lessons that can be applicable for the government of Burkina Faso and ONATEL, by analyzing and understanding the privatization experience in Chunghwa Telecom’s methods and formulations of business strategies, for their own privatization.

O principal objetivo desta tese foi identificar como empresas de vigilância patrimonial privada legalmente constituídas participam do sistema de prestação de serviços de segurança, estabelecendo mecanismos de incentivo, controle, treinamento e busca de informações para a promoção da qualidade dos serviços. A importância do estudo surge da necessidade de averiguar se empresas de vigilância, reguladas e fiscalizadas, podem promover a eficiência no sistema de prestação de serviços. Foram coletados dados secundários sobre o setor e, com base nos fundamentos teóricos da Nova Economia Institucional (NEI), foi aplicado questionário à amostra aleatória de empresas de segurança patrimonial na cidade de São Paulo. Essas informações foram analisadas com maior profundidade por meio de dois métodos multivariados, análise de correspondência e de conglomerados, para obter o perfil da segurança privada em São Paulo a partir do agrupamento das empresas com características semelhantes. Detectouse que a presença de assimetria de informações leva ao emprego de processos de filtragem, identificação de sinais de qualidade emitidos pelos trabalhadores, e a utilização de incentivos e monitoramento para assegurar o comportamento adequado. De maneira geral, houve distinção clara entre empresas que atendem o setor público, priorizando mais o preço que a qualidade dos serviços, e as que atendem clientes do setor privado, em que fatores de qualidade podem permitir a cobrança de preços maiores para os serviços. Embora a remuneração do vigilante aparenta ser superior à de ocupações alternativas no mercado, empresas diferiram na prática de remunerações, seguindo o interesse do contratante de serviços em pagar ou não pelo diferencial de qualidade. A idéia de salário de eficiência pode funcionar para algumas circunstâncias, mas a função de monitoramento do trabalhador é mantida intensa. A promoção da qualidade nesta forma de governança híbrida incluiria um esforço de controle sobre o trabalhador por parte do prestador de serviços, que confere menor capacidade adaptativa ao contratante sobre as atividades do vigilante. Conclui-se que a forma híbrida de governança, com a contratação da empresa de vigilância, pode promove a qualidade dos serviços ao garantir que pré-requisitos legais sejam respeitados na contratação, o treinamento e a reciclagem sejam oferecidos, os trabalhadores sejam selecionados e monitorados e a estrutura de incentivos via remunerações maiores que alternativas de mercado seja estabelecida. Contudo, verificou-se comportamentos particulares que impedem a generalização deste resultado para todos os casos, especialmente no caso de contratantes preferirem menores preços à maior qualidade, como contratantes do setor público. / The main objective of this thesis was to identify how firms in the security system services for private properties, which are legally constituted, participate of the security system services, establishing mechanisms for incentive, control and training of their employees, besides searching for information to promote the quality of its services. The importance of the study is related to the need to evaluate if monitoring firms, regulated and fiscalized, can promote efficiency in the service sector. Secondary data about the sector was collected and a questionnaire, based on the theoretical fundaments of the New Institutional Economics (NIE), was applied to a random sample of companies that provide security services for private properties in the city of Sao Paulo. This information was analyzed through two multivariate methods, analysis of correspondence and of conglomerates, to obtain a profile of the private insurance in Sao Paulo, based on a group of companies with similar characteristics. The study results indicated that information asymmetry lead to the employment of filtering, identification of the quality signs of the workers and the use of incentive for monitoring and assuring adequate behavior. In general, there was a clear distinction between the companies that provided services to the public sector and those that provide services for the private sector. The former seemed to prioritize prices instead of quality of the services, while the later could charge higher prices for high quality services. Although the remuneration of the security officer seems to be higher than those in other activities, companies differ with respect to remuneration, according to the interest of the customers in paying for differentiated services. The efficiency wage idea can work in some circumstances although the function of monitoring the worker is intense. Quality promotion in this form of hybrid governance includes efforts to control the employee by the service provider, improving the service quality as it guarantees legal requisites are in the contract that confers less adaptive capacity to the contractor over the activities of the security officers. It can be concluded that a hybrid governance, contracting the security firm, com promote service quality guaranteeing that legal pre-requisites are respected in hiring, training and recycling be provided, personnel be selected and monitored and the incentives above market value be established. However, specific behavior that prevent the generalization of these results for all cases was observed, specially in case where contractors preferred lower prices to higher quality, as in public sector contractors.

O principal objetivo desta tese foi identificar como empresas de vigilância patrimonial privada legalmente constituídas participam do sistema de prestação de serviços de segurança, estabelecendo mecanismos de incentivo, controle, treinamento e busca de informações para a promoção da qualidade dos serviços. A importância do estudo surge da necessidade de averiguar se empresas de vigilância, reguladas e fiscalizadas, podem promover a eficiência no sistema de prestação de serviços. Foram coletados dados secundários sobre o setor e, com base nos fundamentos teóricos da Nova Economia Institucional (NEI), foi aplicado questionário à amostra aleatória de empresas de segurança patrimonial na cidade de São Paulo. Essas informações foram analisadas com maior profundidade por meio de dois métodos multivariados, análise de correspondência e de conglomerados, para obter o perfil da segurança privada em São Paulo a partir do agrupamento das empresas com características semelhantes. Detectouse que a presença de assimetria de informações leva ao emprego de processos de filtragem, identificação de sinais de qualidade emitidos pelos trabalhadores, e a utilização de incentivos e monitoramento para assegurar o comportamento adequado. De maneira geral, houve distinção clara entre empresas que atendem o setor público, priorizando mais o preço que a qualidade dos serviços, e as que atendem clientes do setor privado, em que fatores de qualidade podem permitir a cobrança de preços maiores para os serviços. Embora a remuneração do vigilante aparenta ser superior à de ocupações alternativas no mercado, empresas diferiram na prática de remunerações, seguindo o interesse do contratante de serviços em pagar ou não pelo diferencial de qualidade. A idéia de salário de eficiência pode funcionar para algumas circunstâncias, mas a função de monitoramento do trabalhador é mantida intensa. A promoção da qualidade nesta forma de governança híbrida incluiria um esforço de controle sobre o trabalhador por parte do prestador de serviços, que confere menor capacidade adaptativa ao contratante sobre as atividades do vigilante. Conclui-se que a forma híbrida de governança, com a contratação da empresa de vigilância, pode promove a qualidade dos serviços ao garantir que pré-requisitos legais sejam respeitados na contratação, o treinamento e a reciclagem sejam oferecidos, os trabalhadores sejam selecionados e monitorados e a estrutura de incentivos via remunerações maiores que alternativas de mercado seja estabelecida. Contudo, verificou-se comportamentos particulares que impedem a generalização deste resultado para todos os casos, especialmente no caso de contratantes preferirem menores preços à maior qualidade, como contratantes do setor público. / The main objective of this thesis was to identify how firms in the security system services for private properties, which are legally constituted, participate of the security system services, establishing mechanisms for incentive, control and training of their employees, besides searching for information to promote the quality of its services. The importance of the study is related to the need to evaluate if monitoring firms, regulated and fiscalized, can promote efficiency in the service sector. Secondary data about the sector was collected and a questionnaire, based on the theoretical fundaments of the New Institutional Economics (NIE), was applied to a random sample of companies that provide security services for private properties in the city of Sao Paulo. This information was analyzed through two multivariate methods, analysis of correspondence and of conglomerates, to obtain a profile of the private insurance in Sao Paulo, based on a group of companies with similar characteristics. The study results indicated that information asymmetry lead to the employment of filtering, identification of the quality signs of the workers and the use of incentive for monitoring and assuring adequate behavior. In general, there was a clear distinction between the companies that provided services to the public sector and those that provide services for the private sector. The former seemed to prioritize prices instead of quality of the services, while the later could charge higher prices for high quality services. Although the remuneration of the security officer seems to be higher than those in other activities, companies differ with respect to remuneration, according to the interest of the customers in paying for differentiated services. The efficiency wage idea can work in some circumstances although the function of monitoring the worker is intense. Quality promotion in this form of hybrid governance includes efforts to control the employee by the service provider, improving the service quality as it guarantees legal requisites are in the contract that confers less adaptive capacity to the contractor over the activities of the security officers. It can be concluded that a hybrid governance, contracting the security firm, com promote service quality guaranteeing that legal pre-requisites are respected in hiring, training and recycling be provided, personnel be selected and monitored and the incentives above market value be established. However, specific behavior that prevent the generalization of these results for all cases was observed, specially in case where contractors preferred lower prices to higher quality, as in public sector contractors.

It has been a lot of talking about who’s president’s fault has been for the crisis that Started in the United States and how it spread around the world. Is it really a specific group of people’s fault? Our leaders’ responsibility to prevent all this? Or is it all of our fault for living in the illusions leaders created for us in order to keep being elected? I am not here to point fingers but, rather, analyzing what has happened by researching legislations that passed and did not pass, and who lobbied and why they lobbied on specific legislations that could have made a difference in the economic situation but were never given the chance. The research are mainly on the years right before the 2007- 2008 recession and specifically from 2004 to 2006. I conclude with analyzing the types of leadership styles that I feel have influenced the current situation and what is the follower’s responsibility in letting it happen, why, and how they could change the situation.