The probation {--} probare in Latin means to examine and verify. The probation can be understood as an alternative of unconditional sentence. Its principal is not only to protect society but also to re {--} educate criminals and to protect them againts harmful consequences of execution of confinement. The probation is one of the methods of treating criminals whereat both aspects penological and social are combined. It is not perceived only as summary of sanction precautions but also as a number of services, activities and operations which are provided by Probation and Mediation Services. The meaning of probation lies in more various access to a treating of criminals of different delicts, using other, more efficient means as a reaction to less serious criminality then confinement is and creating better conditions and ways of major crime sanctions. Criminals are spare from harmful effects which are connected with execution of confinement and they are not exposed to negative experiences with stay in prison.

The primary aim of this diploma thesis is Probation supervision and its application in the context of the imposition of sanctions on youth. The thesis is divided into seven main chapters. The introductory chapter is devoted to defining the terms of probation and supervision, then the thesis is focused on the development of these concepts in the Czech Republic. Next parts are devoted to international documents regulating application and execution of sanctions with the supervision and supervision of a probation officer in Czech law on juvenile offenders. The main topic of the next section is the acitivity and role of the probation officer in the context of probation and supervision. The thesis is then focused on the criminological aspects of application of supervision sanctions. In the last chapter, selected case studies are analyzed. The aim of these analysis is examine te compliance of probation and mediation service methodologies, legislation and the real practice. The target of the thesis is to identify specific differences between the application practice and the mentioned methodologies, respectively the legal adjustments. The thesis finds diffeences in many areas of practice, especially in cooperation with other institutions and non-compliance with obligations by probation officers.

1 Abstract Thesis deals with the implementation of elements of restorative justice in the Czech criminal law, especially in the prison system. The work identifies and analyzes the basic problems of the Czech prison system and their impacts on public policies in the Czech Republic, especially overcrowding of jails, and the way, how the state, and especially through the Probation and Mediation Service, solves this problem. This work analyzes, how successful is the implementation of alternative punishments, what tools the state has to reducing the number of people in prisons and how to reduce overcrowding in jails. In the work I also identify the role of the Probation and Mediation Service in the issue of alternative sanctions. In the work I also suggest, how to solve these problems.

The diploma thesis deals with the evaluation of the effects of probation work and brings new knowledge about their effectiveness. It presents data obtained using semi-structured interviews with six probation officers and six former clients of the Probation and Mediation Service. The aim of the research is to identify and map the factors that lead to effective probation work and whether, or to what extent, the view of officials with the views of clients in their views on these factors and their use coincides. The main results include that the most significant factor influencing cooperation is the human approach of officials to clients, their support and positive motivation. The effectiveness of probation work very significantly affects the client's internal motivation to change his current situation and lead a proper lifestyle, this internal motivation is a significant element that results in the termination of an individual's criminal career. A significant finding concerns the excessive workload of probation officers, mainly in the territory of Prague, which prevents more intensive cooperation and thus greater success of probation supervision.

Diploma thesis "Supervision of a probation officer over criminal irresponsible children" deals with juvenile delinquency, juvenile justice law adaptation for criminal responsible children younger 15 years of age and concerns with the ways by which society can react to the juvenile delinquency according to valid law adaptation. In its theoretical part this thesis focuses on definition of the keywords such are 'child', 'age limits of criminal responsibility', 'delinquency'. Thesis includes also description of juvenile delinquency as such where the law adaptation related to this issue is taken into consideration as well as the discipline precautions which can be ordered by court of law as a reaction to the unlawful behaviour. The goal of the practical part is to map the obstacles which discourage effective usage of discipline precautions supervision of a probation Office and suggest possible solving. The analytical part of the thesis was realised by two techniques, namely, questioning technique and document analysis.

The aim of diploma thesis "Probation and mediation as a form of work with juvenile offenders" is to elaborate the social pedagogic aspects of probation and mediation activities. It is intended to be a theoretic study and is divided into five chapters. The opening chapter is concerned for causes of delinquent beaviour and offers an enumeration of factors causing the uprise of this kind of behaviour among youth. The second chapter aims at possibilities of juvenile criminality prevention. The third chapter is employed with an institution of Probation and Mediation Services, which plays an important role on the field of terciary prevention of juvenile criminality. Fourth chapter treats with concrete ways of work of probation officers with their clients. Their work is analysed in the last chapter emphasising the social pedagogic potential of probation and mediation activities. It also mentions a possibility of social support in the work of probation officers.

This thesis is concentrated on the detection and evaluation of views and experience of the institutions active in criminal procedure, namely the representatives of district courts, district prosecutions, municipal police departments of the Czech Republic and the Penitentiary of the Czech Republic. Furthermore, it deals with the position of the Probation and Mediation Service in the Czech legal system and its integration into criminal justice system. This domain is examined under three defined indicators: abbreviation of procedure, decrease of prison population and the impact of the social work implementation in justice on the offender resocialization. The investigated area was selected on the basis of study practices executed in the Probation and Mediation Service departments in Jablonec na Nisou and in Liberec, in the Prison Rýnovice and also partly by reading of expert essays, in which the results of researches concentrated on these areas are evaluated very contrarily. To achieve the objectives of the study was used a case study on probation centers in Jablonec nad Nisou and Liberec, the results were compared with a nationwide questionnaire survey.

The thesis focuses on the socio-educational work methods of the probation and mediation services and of its workers in relation to their clients with imposed probation supervision and on the opportunities for development and support of their healthy social functioning. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part initially are defined the basic concepts and terms, then it is described the target group of conditionally released from prison clients, which currently are under supervision of a probation officer. The thesis sees the imprisonment as a difficult life situation and it deals with the influence of penitentiary environment on the personality of the convict in relation to his further development. In the second part are described the specific activities of the probation and mediation service workers in relation to clients from the target group. The thesis focuses on the socio-educational work of the probation officers, as well as social workers or other organizations for social prevention and their impact on the social stabilization of individuals, belonging to the target group. Here the concept of social stabilization is concretized and related to individual areas, which should be implemented within the probationary period. The practical part shows...