This study explored the perceptions and lived experiences of 10 transgender and gender nonconforming individuals who had interacted with the various sectors of the criminal justice system (i.e., law enforcement, the prison system, and the court system). The focus of this phenomenological qualitative study was providing insight into how sexual orientation and gender identity influenced transgender and gender nonconforming individuals' experiences and perceptions of the criminal justice system. Procedural justice theory guided this study by providing an understanding of how the behavior of the actors in the criminal justice system shaped the cooperation or resistance of transgender and gender nonconforming individuals. During semistructured telephonic interviews, participants were asked open-ended questions about their feelings, experiences, and perceptions regarding the various sectors of the criminal justice system (i.e., law enforcement, the prison system, and the court system). Using Moustakas's modified Stevick-Colaizzi-Keen approach, 3 themes were identified: (a) interactions with the criminal justice system, (b) thoughts about the criminal justice system, and (c) experiences with the criminal justice system. Findings indicated that the criminal justice system is not adequately prepared to accommodate or appropriately deal with transgender and gender nonconforming individuals and their unique needs. Implications for social change include the development of transgender-affirmative training programs and education for the criminal justice system and its personnel.

This thesis explores the perspectives of University of Central Florida (UCF) students on the complex interactions between minority communities and law enforcement. Through a carefully designed survey, this study captures a range of student opinions on the social dynamics shaping these encounters, with a particular focus on the underlying factors that influence these perspectives. By examining elements such as media exposure, personal encounters, and societal narratives, this research delves into how students form their views on policing and minority relations. This study also investigates potential biases, whether implicit or explicit, that may arise from these factors and contribute to shaping public opinion on police-minority interactions. Ultimately, by identifying the sources that may inform student perspectives, this thesis researches their perceptions and opinions on law enforcement and how they handle interactions with people of minorities. These findings enhance the understanding of these biases, contributing to the broader conversation on improving the relationship between minority groups and law enforcement in ways that can promote trust, accountability, and equity.