Planning literature in the United States focuses heavily on urban centers. However, the 2000 Census considers one-fifth of America's population to be rural. To adequately plan for this portion of the American population requires an understanding of the strengths and barriers to planning in rural areas. Such an understanding is noticeably absent from current planning literature. Therefore, this thesis seeks to determine what factors influence the adoption of comprehensive plans and zoning ordinances in rural counties in the United States. Through an evaluation of variables pertaining to urban hierarchy, institutional factors and political processes, two independent variables stand out. For both comprehensive planning and zoning, legislation mandating adoption and higher median household incomes both encourage adoption and show statistical significance. The percentage of the county's work force that works within the county (versus commuting) also positively correlates with zoning ordinance adoption and is statistically significant. In addition to clarifying the processing of planning and zoning adoption in rural areas, this study also provides a review of state planning and zoning statutes and reports primary research on the frequency of land use planning tools in rural America. This study highlights the need for a better understanding of rural planning in general and in particular the political structures and processes in rural areas. / Master of Urban and Regional Planning

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Face à l’engouement de la presse professionnelle pour l’innovation logistique (IL) et à une profusion de solutions logistiques innovantes émanant du terrain, nous avons constaté une production scientifique limitée sur ce champ de recherche, des incertitudes demeurant sur la définition du concept d’IL et sur sa gestion. A partir de ces observations, nous avons tenté d’éclairer le concept d’IL à partir d’un état de l’art et de différentes méthodes qualitatives (analyse scientométrique et bibliométrique, enquête Delphi). Ensuite, nous avons analysé le processus d’adoption de l’IL sur la base de quatre études de cas. Le dispositif empirique offre une variété dans le choix des cas, avec des IL à dominante technologique ou organisationnelle adoptées dans des organisations issues de secteurs différents (prestataires de services logistiques, distributeur, industriel, clinique privée). Sur le concept de l’IL, nous avons proposé un bilan de la production scientifique actuelle ainsi qu’une définition et une caractérisation de l’IL. Sur le processus d’adoption de l’IL, il ressort du travail réalisé des facteurs déterminants liés à l’organisation adoptante, à l’IL adoptée, au management stratégique de l’organisation adoptante et au personnel adoptant ainsi que des obstacles. / Notwithstanding the enthusiasm of the professional press for logistics innovation (LI) and the number of innovative logistics solutions accessible to firms, we observe a limited scientific production on this field of research, leaving uncertainties as regards the definition of the concept of LI and its management. From these observations, we tried to clarify the concept of LI using a state of the art and different qualitative methods (scientometric and bibliometric analysis, Delphi survey). Then we analyzed the process of LI adoption on the basis of four case studies. The empirical setting offers variety in the selection of the cases with technological or organizational oriented LIs adopted in different organizations (logistics service providers, retailer, manufacturer, private hospital).As for the concept of LI, we proposed a review of the current scientific production and a definition and characterisation of LI. As for the process of LI adoption, the research resulted in the identification of determinants related to the adoptive organization, the adopted LI, the strategic management of the adopting organization and the adopting personnel, as well as obstacles.