by Sau-ming Lau. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 131-134). / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.iii / List of Tables --- p.viii / List of Figures --- p.x / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- Basic Concepts and Related Work --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1 --- Components of Dynamic Load Balancing Algorithms --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2 --- Classification of Load Balancing Algorithms --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Casavant and Kuhl's Taxonomy --- p.12 / Chapter 3 --- System Model and Assumptions --- p.19 / Chapter 3.1 --- The System Model and Assumptions --- p.19 / Chapter 3.2 --- Survey on Cost Models --- p.21 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- "Eager, Lazowska, and Zahorjan's Model" --- p.22 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- "Shivaratri, Krueger, and Singhal's Model" --- p.23 / Chapter 3.3 --- Our Cost Model --- p.24 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Design Philosophy --- p.24 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Polling Query Cost Model --- p.25 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Load State Broadcasting Cost Model --- p.26 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Task Assignment Cost Model --- p.27 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Task Migration Cost Model --- p.28 / Chapter 3.3.6 --- Execution Priority --- p.29 / Chapter 3.3.7 --- Simulation Parameter Values --- p.31 / Chapter 3.4 --- Performance Metrics --- p.33 / Chapter 4 --- A Performance Study on Load Information Dissemination Strategies --- p.36 / Chapter 4.1 --- Algorithm Descriptions --- p.37 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Transfer Policy --- p.37 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Information Policy --- p.40 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Location Policy --- p.40 / Chapter 4.1.4 --- Categorization of the Algorithms --- p.43 / Chapter 4.2 --- Simulations and Analysis of Results --- p.43 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Performance Comparisons --- p.44 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Effect of Imbalance Factor on AWLT Algorithms --- p.49 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Comparison of Average Performance --- p.52 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Raw Simulation Results --- p.54 / Chapter 4.3 --- Discussions --- p.55 / Chapter 5 --- Resolving Processor Thrashing with Batch Assignment --- p.56 / Chapter 5.1 --- The GR.batch Algorithm --- p.57 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- The Guarantee and Reservation Protocol --- p.57 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- The Location Policy --- p.58 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Batch Size Determination --- p.60 / Chapter 5.1.4 --- The Complete GR.batch Description --- p.62 / Chapter 5.2 --- Additional Performance Metrics --- p.66 / Chapter 5.3 --- Simulations and Analysis of Results --- p.67 / Chapter 5.4 --- Discussions --- p.73 / Chapter 6 --- Applying Batch Assignment to Systems with Bursty Task Arrival Patterns --- p.75 / Chapter 6.1 --- Bursty Workload Pattern Characterization Model --- p.76 / Chapter 6.2 --- Algorithm Descriptions --- p.77 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- The GR.batch Algorithm --- p.77 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- The SK .single Algorithm --- p.77 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Summary of Algorithm Properties --- p.77 / Chapter 6.3 --- Analysis of Simulation Results --- p.77 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Performance Comparison --- p.79 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Time Trace --- p.80 / Chapter 6.4 --- Discussions --- p.80 / Chapter 7 --- A Preliminary Study on Task Assignment Augmented with Migration --- p.87 / Chapter 7.1 --- Algorithm Descriptions --- p.87 / Chapter 7.1.1 --- Information Policy --- p.88 / Chapter 7.1.2 --- Location Policy --- p.88 / Chapter 7.1.3 --- Transfer Policy --- p.88 / Chapter 7.1.4 --- The Three Load Balancing Algorithms --- p.89 / Chapter 7.2 --- Simulations and Analysis of Results --- p.90 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- Even Task Service Time --- p.90 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- Uneven Task Service Time --- p.94 / Chapter 7.3 --- Discussions --- p.99 / Chapter 8 --- Assignment Augmented with Migration Revisited --- p.100 / Chapter 8.1 --- Algorithm Descriptions --- p.100 / Chapter 8.1.1 --- The GR.BATCH.A Algorithm --- p.101 / Chapter 8.1.2 --- The SK.SINGLE.AM Algorithm --- p.101 / Chapter 8.1.3 --- Summary of Algorithm Properties --- p.101 / Chapter 8.2 --- Simulations and Analysis of Results --- p.101 / Chapter 8.2.1 --- Performance Comparisons --- p.102 / Chapter 8.2.2 --- Effect of Workload Imbalance --- p.105 / Chapter 8.3 --- Discussions --- p.106 / Chapter 9 --- Applying Batch Transfer to Heterogeneous Systems with Many Task Classes --- p.108 / Chapter 9.1 --- Heterogeneous System Model --- p.109 / Chapter 9.1.1 --- Processing Node Specification --- p.110 / Chapter 9.1.2 --- Task Type Specification --- p.111 / Chapter 9.1.3 --- Workload State Measurement --- p.112 / Chapter 9.1.4 --- Task Selection Candidates --- p.113 / Chapter 9.2 --- Algorithm Descriptions --- p.115 / Chapter 9.2.1 --- First Category ´ؤ The Sk .single Variations --- p.115 / Chapter 9.2.2 --- Second Category ´ؤ The GR. batch Variation Modeled with SSP --- p.117 / Chapter 9.3 --- Analysis of Simulation Results --- p.123 / Chapter 10 --- Conclusions and Future Work --- p.127 / Bibliography --- p.131 / Appendix A System Model Notations and Definitions --- p.131 / Appendix A.1 Processing Node Model --- p.131 / Appendix A.2 Cost Models --- p.132 / Appendix A.3 Load Measurement --- p.134 / Appendix A.4 Batch Size Determination Rules --- p.135 / Appendix A.5 Bursty Arrivals Modeling --- p.135 / Appendix A.6 Heterogeneous Systems Modeling --- p.135 / Appendix B Shivaratri and Krueger's Location Policy --- p.137

在过去十年左右的时间里, 随着在无线传感网络, 群体机器人及无人飞行器编队等问题的广泛应用, 多智能体系统的协作控制问题已成为控制理论中的一个热点问题. 本论文将研究两类基本的协作控制问题: 多智能体趋同问题与多智能体协作式输出调节问题. / 作为多智能体系统协作控制的一个基本问题, 多智能体趋同问题是其它诸如蜂拥, 聚类, 编队等协作控制问题的基础. 目前趋同问题主要分为两类: 无领导者的趋同问题与有领导者的趋同问题. 无领导者的趋同问题的控制目标是设计分布式的控制器使得所有子系统的状态渐近地趋于一个共同但未知的轨迹, 而有领导者的趋同问题的控制目标是设计分布式的控制器使得所有子系统的状态渐近地趋于一个特殊的轨迹, 这个轨迹由一个特别的被称作领导者的子系统产生. 分布式的控制器常常由系统的拓扑连接图决定.连接图一般是时变的, 并包含固定图与切换图作为特例. 本论文的第一部分, 我们将研究连续时间一般线性多智能体系统与离散时间一般线性多智能体系统在联合连通假设下的切换拓扑网络的趋同问题. 该问题包含其它一些特殊的诸如一阶积分器系统, 筒谐振子系统的趋同问题作为特例. 这一部分的主要贡献概括为以下两点: / 1. 研究连续时间线性临界稳定多智能体系统在切换网络下的两类趋同问题. 为研究这两类问题, 我们将首先建立一类包含Kronecker 乘积的线性切换系统的稳定性结果. 该系统特别之处在于其系统矩阵在任何时刻都可以不是Hurwitz 稳定的. 我们将结合Lyapunov 稳定性理论与一类适用于分段连续线性系统的广义Barbalat 引理来研究该切换系统的稳定性. 作为该稳定性结果的直接应用, 我们分别给出求解两类趋同问题的静态状态反馈控制率. 与现有结果比较, 该结果仅假设动态图是联合连通的, 因而严格弱化了动态图的假设. / 2. 研究离散时间线性多智能体系统在切换网络下的两类趋同问题. 在系统矩阵是临界稳定的假设下, 我们证明如果动态图是联合连通的, 则都存在静态的分布式状态反馈控制器以达到两类趋同. 该趋同分析是基于一类自守线性离散时间切换系统的稳定性结果. 研究该切换系统的稳定性的主要困难在于系统矩阵在任何时刻都可以不是Schur 稳定的. 我们将结合共同Lyapunov 函数与一些新技巧来实现稳定性分析. 该结果将包含一些现有结果作为特例. / 论文的第二部分将研究多智能体系统的协作式输出调节问题. 该问题允许各子系统有不同的动态, 允许各子系统模型存在不确定性, 并且允许各子系统存在外部干扰, 因此该问题的描述较有领导者的趋同问题更为一般于实际. 该问题的控制目标是要利用分布式的控制策略来实现不确定多智能体系统的渐近跟踪和干扰抑制. 由于该问题描述的一般性, 其结论将包含其它一些诸如趋同, 同步, 编队等多智能体协同控制问题作为特例.就技术路线而言, 我们将建立分布式的观测器与分布式的内模来处理该问题. 这部分的主要贡献总结为以下三点: / 1. 研究线性多智能体系统分别在静态与切换拓扑网络下的协作式输出调节问题. 全系统包含两类子系统. 第一类子系统可以接收到外部系统的信号, 而第二类子系统不能接收到外部系统的信号. 因此, 传统的集中式的控制器与分散式的控制器都不适用于该系统. 我们将建立分布式的观测器实现外部系统的信息从第一类子系统向第二类子系统传递. 对静态拓扑网络情况, 我们分别给出分布式动态全状态反馈控制器与分布式动态测量输出反馈控制器求解该问题的充分必要条件. 对切换拓扑网络情况, 我们则给出分布式动态全状态反馈控制器与包含前馈项的分布式动态测量输出反馈控制器求解该问题的充分条件. 该结果可以作为多智能体有领导者的趋同问题的直接推广,并将应用于求解群体机器人有领导者的编队问题. / 2. 研究不确定线性多智能体系统在静态拓扑网络下的协作式鲁棒输出调节问题. 相对前一问题, 该问题允许多智能体系统的模型具有不确定参数. 因此前馈设计方案不适用于该问题. 通过建立分布式的内模, 我们将该问题转换成其增广系统的同时极点配置问题. 利用LQR 设计方法, 我们分别给出分布式动态状态反馈控制器与分布式输出反馈控制器求解该问题的充分必要条件. 由于极点配置具有鲁棒性, 这两类控制器均能容忍系统不确定参数的微小变化. 该结果也包含一些有领导者的趋同问题作为特例. / 3. 研究一类具有参数不确定性的混杂的多智能体系统在静态拓扑网络下的协作式鲁棒输出调节问题. 与前一问题比较, 这里我们允许系统参数在一个任意大的规定的紧集内变化. 为实现这一目标, 我们引入一类新的内模, 它能将协作式输出调节问题转化成其增广系统的鲁棒镇定问题. 我们将结合共同高增益状态反馈技巧与分布式高增益观测器技巧来设计分布式动态输出反馈控制器以求解该问题, 并同时给出其可解性的充分必要条件. 该结果可应用于求解一大类不确定多智能体系统的有领导者的鲁棒趋同问题. / Over the past decade, the extensive applications of wireless sensor networks, cooperative robotics, unmanned aerial vehicle formations and so on have made the cooperative control of the multi-agent system a trendy topic. This thesis will concentrate on two basic cooperative control problems: consensus and cooperative output regulation. / Consensus problem is one of the basic cooperative control problems of multi-agent systems. It is the foundation of many other cooperative control problems such as flocking, rendezvous, and formation control. There are two types of consensus problems: leaderless consensus problem and leader-following consensus problem. While the leaderless consensus problem aims to design a distributed controller for a multi-agent system so that the states of all agents asymptotically approach a common trajectory, leader-following consensus problem further requires that the distributed controller is such that the states of all agents converge to a specified trajectory which is usually produced by another agent called leader. The distributed controller is defined by a communication graph which is in general time-varying and contains both the fixed graph and switching graph as special cases. In the first part of this thesis, we will consider these two consensus problems for both continuous-time and discrete-time general linear multi-agent systems subject to the switching network topology under the jointly connected assumption. Our problem formulation includes the consensus of many typical physical multi-agent systems such as single-integrators and harmonic oscillators as special cases. The main results of this part are summarized as follows: / 1. Two consensus problems of continuous-time marginally stable linear multi-agent systems under switching network topology are studied. We first establish a stability result for a class of linear switched systems involving Kronecker product. The problem is intriguing in that the system matrix does not have to be Hurwitz at any time instant. We then establish the main stability result by a combination of the Lyapunov stability analysis and a generalized Barbalat’s Lemma applicable to piecewise continuous linear systems. As applications of this stability result, we present two distributed static state feedback controllers to solve the two consensus problems, respectively. In contrast with existing results, our result only assumes that the dynamic graph is jointly connected which is strictly weaker than any other assumptions. / 2. Two consensus problems of linear discrete-time multi-agent systems under switching network topology are studied. Under the assumption that the system matrix is marginally stable, we show that both leaderless consensus problem and leaderfollowing consensus problem can be achieved via the distributed static state feedback controllers provided that the dynamic graph is jointly connected. The consensus analysis is based on the stability analysis of a class of linear autonomous discretetime switched systems. The main difficulty to overcome is that the system matrix of such linear switched system may not be Schur at any time instant. We combine the common Lyapunov function approach with some novel technique to complete such stability analysis. Our result contains several existing results as special cases. / The second part of this thesis addresses the cooperative output regulation of linear multi-agent systems. The formulation of the cooperative output regulation problem is much more general than the leader-following consensus problem in that it deals with agents with different dynamics, allows model uncertainty, and accommodates external disturbance. The direct objective of this problem is to handle the asymptotic tracking and disturbance rejection problem in an uncertain multi-agent system via a distributed control approach. Due to the generality of this problem formulation, our result will also contain many control problems of multi-agent systems such as consensus, synchronization, and formation as special cases, thus leading to a unified solution to several different control problems of multi-agent systems. Technically, the distributed observer and the distributed internal model will be established for handling this problem. The main contributions of this part are summarized as follows: / 1. The cooperative output regulation of linear multi-agent systems under both static and switching communication network topologies is studied. The overall system consists of two groups of subsystems. While the first group of subsystems can access the exogenous signal, the second cannot. As a result, the problem cannot be solved by either the centralized approach or the decentralized approach. A distributed observer is devised so that it can relay the information of the exosystem from the first group to the second group. For the static network case, we present the sufficient and necessary solvability conditions via distributed dynamic state feedback control law and the distributed dynamic measurement output feedback control law. For the switching network case, we give the sufficient solvability condition via distributed dynamic state feedback control law and the distributed dynamic measurement output feedback with feedforward control law. This result can be viewed as a generalization of some leader-following consensus problems of multi-agent systems. It can also be applied to solve the leader-following formation problem of a group of mobil robots. / 2. The cooperative robust output regulation problem of linear uncertain multi-agent systems under static network topology is studied. In this problem, the structural plant uncertainty is further taken into consideration. Then the feedforward design is no longer applicable to this problem. By utilizing a distributed internal model, this problem is converted into a simultaneous eigenvalue placement problem of the so called augmented system. Using the LQR design method, we present the sufficient and necessary solvability conditions of this problem via both distributed dynamic state feedback control law and distributed dynamic output feedback control law. Due to the robustness of eigenvalue placement, such control laws can tolerate small plant uncertainty. This result also contains the leader-following consensus problem for several systems as special cases. / 3. The cooperative robust output regulation of a class of heterogeneous linear multiagent systems with parameter uncertainties under static network topology is studied. In contrast with the previous problem, here we allow the plant uncertain parameters to lie on an arbitrarily large prescribed compact subset. For this purpose, we introduce a new type of internal model that allows the cooperative robust output regulation problem of the given plant to be converted into a robust stabilization problem of an augmented multi-agent system. We then solve this problem via distributed dynamic output feedback control law by combining a simultaneous high gain state feedback control technique and a distributed high gain observer technique. The sufficient and necessary solvability conditions are also given. A special case of our result leads to the solution of the leader-following robust consensus problem for a large class of uncertain multi-agent systems. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Su, Youfeng. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 155-164). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.vi / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Literature Review --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Thesis Contributions --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- Thesis Organization --- p.7 / Chapter 2 --- Preliminaries --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1 --- Review of Graph Notation --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2 --- Review of Linear Output Regulation --- p.12 / Chapter 3 --- Continuous-Time Consensus under Switching Network Topology --- p.20 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.20 / Chapter 3.2 --- A Stability Result --- p.22 / Chapter 3.3 --- Problem Statement --- p.29 / Chapter 3.4 --- Solvability of Two Continuous-Time Consensus Problems --- p.32 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Leaderless Consensus --- p.32 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Leader-Following Consensus --- p.35 / Chapter 3.5 --- Examples --- p.38 / Chapter 3.6 --- Conclusion --- p.43 / Chapter 4 --- Discrete-Time Consensus under Switching Network Topology --- p.44 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.44 / Chapter 4.2 --- Problem Statement --- p.45 / Chapter 4.3 --- A Stability Result --- p.48 / Chapter 4.4 --- Solvability of Two Discrete-Time Consensus Problems --- p.53 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Leaderless Consensus --- p.53 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Leader-Following Consensus --- p.55 / Chapter 4.5 --- Examples --- p.57 / Chapter 4.6 --- Conclusion --- p.64 / Chapter 5 --- Linear Cooperative Output Regulation under Static Network --- p.67 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.67 / Chapter 5.2 --- Problem Statement --- p.70 / Chapter 5.3 --- Solvability of the Problem --- p.71 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Distributed State Feedback --- p.71 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Distributed Measurement Output Feedback --- p.76 / Chapter 5.4 --- An Example --- p.82 / Chapter 5.5 --- Conclusion --- p.86 / Chapter 6 --- Linear Cooperative Output Regulation under Switching Network --- p.87 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.87 / Chapter 6.2 --- Problem Statement --- p.88 / Chapter 6.3 --- Solvability of the Problem --- p.90 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Some Lemmas --- p.90 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Distributed State Feedback --- p.96 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- Distributed Measurement Output Feedback with Feedforward --- p.97 / Chapter 6.4 --- Application to Leader-Following Consensus --- p.100 / Chapter 6.5 --- Two Examples --- p.103 / Chapter 6.6 --- Conclusion --- p.113 / Chapter 7 --- Linear Cooperative Robust Output Regulation: A Structurally Stable Approach --- p.114 / Chapter 7.1 --- Introduction --- p.114 / Chapter 7.2 --- Problem Statement --- p.116 / Chapter 7.3 --- Solvability of the Problem --- p.117 / Chapter 7.4 --- An Example --- p.123 / Chapter 7.5 --- Conclusion --- p.125 / Chapter 8 --- Cooperative Robust Output Regulation of Heterogeneous Linear Uncertain Multi-Agent Systems --- p.128 / Chapter 8.1 --- Introduction --- p.128 / Chapter 8.2 --- Problem Statement --- p.130 / Chapter 8.3 --- From Output Regulation to Stabilization --- p.131 / Chapter 8.4 --- Stabilization of the Augmented System --- p.134 / Chapter 8.4.1 --- Two Lemmas --- p.135 / Chapter 8.4.2 --- Stabilization via State Feedback --- p.137 / Chapter 8.4.3 --- Stabilization via Output Feedback --- p.140 / Chapter 8.5 --- Solvability of Cooperative Output Regulation --- p.142 / Chapter 8.6 --- Examples --- p.144 / Chapter 8.6.1 --- Leader-Following Tracking of Mass-Damper-Spring Systems --- p.145 / Chapter 8.6.2 --- Formation of Multi Vehicles with Unknown Amplitude Disturbance --- p.148 / Chapter 8.7 --- Conclusion --- p.151 / Chapter 9 --- Conclusions --- p.152 / Bibliography --- p.155 / Biography --- p.165

Many modern applications, including online financial feeds, tag-based mass transit systems and RFID-based supply chain management systems transmit real-time data streams. There is a need for event stream processing technology to analyze this vast amount of sequential data to enable online operational decision making. This dissertation focuses on innovating several techniques at the core of a scalable E-Analytic system to achieve efficient, scalable and robust methods for in-memory multi-dimensional nested pattern analysis over high-speed event streams. First, I address the problem of processing flat pattern queries on event streams with out-of-order data arrival. I design two alternate solutions: aggressive and conservative strategies respectively. The aggressive strategy produces maximal output under the optimistic assumption that out-of-order event arrival is rare. The conservative method works under the assumption that out-of-order data may be common, and thus produces output only when its correctness can be guaranteed. Second, I design the integration of CEP and OLAP techniques (ECube model) for efficient multi-dimensional event pattern analysis at different abstraction levels. Strategies of drill-down (refinement from abstract to specific patterns) and of roll-up (generalization from specific to abstract patterns) are developed for the efficient workload evaluation. I design a cost-driven adaptive optimizer called Chase that exploits reuse strategies for optimal E-Cube hierarchy execution. Then, I explore novel optimization techniques to support the high- performance processing of powerful nested CEP patterns. A CEP query language called NEEL, is designed to express nested CEP pattern queries composed of sequence, negation, AND and OR operators. To allow flexible execution ordering, I devise a normalization procedure that employs rewriting rules for flattening a nested complex event expression. To conserve CPU and memory consumption, I propose several strategies for efficient shared processing of groups of normalized NEEL subexpressions. Our comprehensive experimental studies, using both synthetic as well as real data streams demonstrate superiority of our proposed strategies over alternate methods in the literature in both effectiveness and efficiency.

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競爭性內源核糖核酸(ceRNA) 假設最近已成為生物訊息學研究中最熱門的話題之一。Cell 是在生物科學界上經常被引用的學術期刊，早前亦有一班學者在Cell 2011年同一期成功發佈四篇關於ceRNA 假設的學術文章。跟據有關ceRNA 假設的學術文章，大部份學者均以不同的個別例子成功驗證假定，可是，欠缺一個大規模的及全面性的分析。 / 在我兩年碩士的研究中，我引入了一個新的概念微核糖核酸及其目標對向聚類(MTB) 運用了ceRNA 的假設，還提出算法，成功從微核糖核酸與信使核糖核酸的相互數據中找出一系列的MTB' 還利用GENCODE 項目上大量的微核糖核酸及信使核糖核酸的表達數據去驗証MTB 的概念。一方面，我從大量的表達數據中成功推斷出微核糖核酸與信使核糖核酸之間的相反關連、信使核糖核酸之間的正面關運和微核糖核酸之間的正面關連;另一方面，這些關連進一步肯定ceRNA 假設的真實性。此外，我提出一個從大量基因組中找出基因功能分析的方法，並在大量的MTB 的基因組中找出重要的基因註解。最後，我提出另一個MTB 概念的應用一新算法來預測微核糖核酸與信使核糖核酸的相互影響。總括而吉， MTB 概念從複雜且混亂的微核糖核酸與信使核糖核酸網絡中定義簡單且穩固的模姐，提供一個系統生物學分析微核糖核酸調節能力的方法。 / The competing Endogenous RNA (ceRNA) hypothesis has become one of the hottest topics in bioinformatics research recently. Four papers related to the ceRNA hypothesis were published simultaneously in Cell in 2011, a top journal in life sciences. For most papers related to the ceRNA hypothesis, the corresponding studies have successfully validated the hypothesis with different individual examples, without a large-scale and comprehensive analysis. / In my Master of Philosophy study, a novel concept, called mi-RNA Target Bicluster (MTB), is introduced to model the ceRNA hypothesis. The MTBs are identified computationally from validated and/or predicted miRNA-mRNA interaction pairs. The MTB models were tested with the mRNAs and miRNAs expression data from the GENCODE Project. Statistically significant miRNA-mRNA anti-correlation, mRNA-mRNA correlation and miRNA-miRNA correlation in expression data are found, verifying the correlation relations among mRNAs and miRNAs stated in the ceRNA hypothesis with large-scale data support. Moreover, a novel large-scale functional enrichment analysis is performed, and the mRNAs selected by the MTBs are found to be biologically relevant. Besides, some new target prediction algorithms are suggested, as another application of the MTBs, are suggested. Overall, the concept of MTB defines simple and robust modules from the complex and noisy miRNA-mRNA network, suggesting ways for system biology analyses in miRNA-mediated regulations. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Yip, Kit Sang Danny. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [117]-126). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.iv / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Contributions --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Thesis Outline --- p.2 / Chapter 2 --- Background --- p.3 / Chapter 2.1 --- Bioinformatics --- p.3 / Chapter 2.2 --- Biological Background --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology . --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- RNAs --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Competing Endogenous RNA (ceRNA) hypothesis --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Biological Considerations in Functional Enrichment Analysis --- p.11 / Chapter 2.3 --- Computational Background --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- miRNA Genomic Annotation Prediction --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- miRNA Target Interaction Prediction --- p.14 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Applying Computational Algorithms on Related Problems --- p.16 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Algorithms in Functional Enrichment Analysis --- p.16 / Chapter 2.4 --- Experiments and Data --- p.17 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- miRNA Target Interactions --- p.17 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Expression Data --- p.18 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Annotation Datasets --- p.19 / Chapter 2.5 --- Research Motivations --- p.20 / Chapter 3 --- Definitions of miRNA Target Biclusters (MTB) --- p.22 / Chapter 3.1 --- Representations --- p.22 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Binary Association Matrix Representation --- p.23 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Bipartite Graph Representation --- p.23 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Mathematical Representation --- p.24 / Chapter 3.2 --- Concept of MTB --- p.24 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- MTB Restrictive Type (Type R) --- p.27 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- MTB Restrictive Type on miRNA (Type Rmi) --- p.31 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- MTB Restrictive Type on mRNA (Type Rm) --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- MTB Restrictive and General Type (Type Rgen) --- p.37 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- MTB Loose Type (Type L) --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- MTB Loose Type but restricts on miRNA (Type Lmi) --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2.7 --- MTB Loose Type but restricts on mRNA (Type Lm) --- p.50 / Chapter 3.2.8 --- MTB Loose and General Type (Type Lgen) --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2.9 --- A General Definition on all Eight Types --- p.58 / Chapter 3.2.10 --- Discussions --- p.60 / Chapter 4 --- MTB Workflow in Checking Correlation Relations --- p.61 / Chapter 4.1 --- MTB Workflow in Checking Correlation Relations --- p.61 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- MTB Identification --- p.62 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Correlation Coefficients --- p.63 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Scoring Scheme --- p.64 / Chapter 4.1.4 --- Background Construction --- p.65 / Chapter 4.1.5 --- Wilcoxon Rank-sum Test --- p.66 / Chapter 4.1.6 --- Preliminary Studies --- p.67 / Chapter 4.2 --- miRNA-mRNA Anti-correlation in Expression Data --- p.68 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Interaction Datasets --- p.69 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Expression Datasets --- p.72 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Independence of the Choices of Datasets --- p.73 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Independence of the Types of MTBs --- p.76 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Independence of the Choices of Correlation Coefficients --- p.78 / Chapter 4.2.6 --- Dependence on the Way to Score --- p.79 / Chapter 4.2.7 --- Independence of theWay to Construct Background --- p.81 / Chapter 4.2.8 --- Independence of Natural Bias in Datasets --- p.82 / Chapter 4.3 --- mRNA-mRNA Correlation in Expression Data --- p.84 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Variations in the Analysis --- p.85 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Discussions --- p.87 / Chapter 4.4 --- miRNA-miRNA Correlation in Expression Data --- p.88 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Variations in the Analysis --- p.89 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Discussions --- p.92 / Chapter 5 --- Target Prediction Aided by MTB --- p.94 / Chapter 5.1 --- Workflow in Target Prediction --- p.94 / Chapter 5.2 --- Contingency Table Approach --- p.96 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- One-tailed Hypothesis Testing --- p.97 / Chapter 5.3 --- Ranked List Approach --- p.98 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test --- p.99 / Chapter 5.4 --- Results and Discussions --- p.99 / Chapter 6 --- Large-scale Functional Enrichment Analysis --- p.102 / Chapter 6.1 --- Principles in Functional Enrichment Analysis --- p.102 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- Annotation Files --- p.104 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Functional Enrichment Analysis on a gene --- p.set105 / Chapter 6.1.3 --- Functional Enrichment Analysis on many gene sets --- p.106 / Chapter 6.2 --- Results and Discussions --- p.107 / Chapter 7 --- Future Perspectives and Conclusions --- p.112 / Chapter 7.1 --- Applying MTB definition on other problems --- p.112 / Chapter 7.2 --- Matrix Definitions and Optimization Problems --- p.113 / Chapter 7.3 --- Non-binary association matrix problem settings --- p.114 / Chapter 7.4 --- Limitations --- p.114 / Chapter 7.5 --- Conclusions --- p.116 / Bibliography --- p.117 / Chapter A --- Publications --- p.127 / Chapter A.1 --- Publications --- p.127

視覺信號，包括圖像，視頻等，在采集，壓縮，存儲，傳輸，重新生成的過程中都會被各種各樣的噪聲所影響，因此他們的主觀質量也就會降低。所以，主觀視覺質量在現今的視覺信號處理跟通訊系統中起到了很大的作用。這篇畢業論文主要討論質量評價的算法設計，以及這些衡量標準在視覺信號處理上的應用。這篇論文的工作主要包括以下五個方面。 / 第一部分主要集中在具有完全套考原始圖像的圖像質量評價。首先我們研究人類視覺系統的特征。具體說來，視覺在結構化失真上面的水平特性和顯著特征會被建模然后應用到結構相似度(SSIM)這個衡量標準上。實驗顯示我們的方法明顯的提高了衡量標準典主觀評價的相似度。由這個質量衡量標準的啟發，我們設計了一個主觀圖像壓縮的方法。其中我們提出了一個自適應的塊大小的超分辨率算法指導的下采樣的算法。實驗結果證明提出的圖像壓縮算法無論在主觀還是在客觀層面都構建了高質量的圖像。 / 第二個部分的工作主要討論具有完全參考原始視頻的視頻質量評價。考慮到人類視覺系統的特征，比如時空域的對此敏感函數，眼球的移動，紋理的遮掩特性，空間域的一致性，時間域的協調性，不同塊變換的特性，我們設計了一個自適應塊大小的失真閾值的模型。實驗證明，我們提出的失真閾值模型能夠更精確的描迷人類視覺系統的特性。基于這個自適應塊大小的失真閾值模型，我們設計了一個簡單的主觀質量評價標準。在公共的圓像以及視頻的主觀數據庫上的測試結果證明了這個簡單的評價標準的有效性。因此，我們把這個簡單的質量標準應用于視頻編碼系統中。它可以在同樣的碼率下提供更高主觀質量的視頻。 / 第三部分我們討論具有部分參考信息的圖像質量評價。我們通過描迷重組后的離散余弦變換域的系數的統計分布來衡量圖像的主觀質量。提出的評價標準發掘了相鄰的離散余弦系數的相同統計特性，相鄰的重組離散余弦系數的互信息，以及圖像的能量在不同頻率下的分布。實驗結果證明我們提出的質量標準河以超越其他的具有部分參考信息的質量評價標準，甚至還超過了具有完全參考信息的質量評價標準。而且，提取的特征很容易被編碼以及隱藏到圖像中以便于在圖像通訊中進行質量監控。 / 第四部分我們討論具有部分參考信息的視頻質量評價。我們提取的特征可以很好的描迷空間域的信息失，和時間域的相鄰兩幀間的直方圖的統計特性。在視頻主觀質量的數據庫上的實驗結果，也證明了提出的方法河以超越其他代表性的視頻質量評價標準，甚至是具有完全參考信息的質量評價標準， 譬如PSNR以及SSIM 。我們的方法只需要很少的特征來描迷每一幀視頻圖像。對于每一幀圖像，一個特征用于描迷空間域的特點，另外三個特征用于描述時間域的特點。考慮到計算的復雜度以及壓縮特征所需要的碼率，提出的方法河以很簡單的在視頻的傳輸過程中監控視頻的質量。 / 之前的四部分提到的主觀質量評價標準主要集中在傳統的失真上面， 譬如JPEG 圖像壓縮， H.264視頻壓縮。在最后一部分，我們討論在圖像跟視頻的retargeting過程中的失真。現如今，隨著消費者電子的發展，視覺信號需要在不同分辨率的顯示設備上進行通訊交互。因此， retargeting的算法把同一個原始圖像適應于不同的分辨率的顯示設備。這樣的過程就會引入圖像的失真。我們研究了對于retargeting圖像主觀質量的測試者的分數，從三個方面進行討論測試者對于retargeting圖像失真的反應.圖像retargeting的尺度，圖像retargeting的算法，原始圖像的內容特性。通過大量的主觀實驗測試，我們構建了一個關于圖像retargeting的主觀數據庫。基于這個主觀數據庫，我們評價以及分析了幾個具有代表性的質量評價標準。 / Visual signals, including images, videos, etc., are affected by a wide variety of distortions during acquisition, compression, storage, processing, transmission, and reproduction processes, which result in perceptual quality degradation. As a result, perceptual quality assessment plays a very important role in today's visual signal processing and communication systems. In this thesis, quality assessment algorithms for evaluating the visual signal perceptual quality, as well as the applications on visual signal processing and communications, are investigated. The work consists of five parts as briefly summarized below. / The first part focuses on the full-reference (FR) image quality assessment. The properties of the human visual system (HVS) are firstly investigated. Specifically, the visual horizontal effect (HE) and saliency properties over the structural distortions are modelled and incorporated into the structure similarity index (SSIM). Experimental results show significantly improved performance in matching the subjective ratings. Inspired by the developed FR image metric, a perceptual image compression scheme is developed, where the adaptive block-based super-resolution directed down-sampling is proposed. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed image compression scheme can produce higher quality images in terms of both objective and subjective qualities, compared with the existing methods. / The second part concerns the FR video quality assessment. The adaptive block-size transform (ABT) based just-noticeable difference (JND) for visual signals is investigated by considering the HVS characteristics, e.g., spatio-temporal contrast sensitivity function (CSF), eye movement, texture masking, spatial coherence, temporal consistency, properties of different block-size transforms, etc. It is verified that the developed ABT based JND can more accurately depict the HVS property, compared with the state-of-the-art JND models. The ABT based JND is thereby utilized to develop a simple perceptual quality metric for visual signals. Validations on the image and video subjective quality databases proved its effectiveness. As a result, the developed perceptual quality metric is employed for perceptual video coding, which can deliver video sequences of higher perceptual quality at the same bit-rates. / The third part discusses the reduced-reference (RR) image quality assessment, which is developed by statistically modelling the coe cient distribution in the reorganized discrete cosine transform (RDCT) domain. The proposed RR metric exploits the identical statistical nature of the adjacent DCT coefficients, the mutual information (MI) relationship between adjacent RDCT coefficients, and the image energy distribution among different frequency components. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed metric outperforms the representative RR image quality metrics, and even the FR quality metric, i.e., peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR). Furthermore, the extracted RR features can be easily encoded and embedded into the distorted images for quality monitoring during image communications. / The fourth part investigates the RR video quality assessment. The RR features are extracted to exploit the spatial information loss and the temporal statistical characteristics of the inter-frame histogram. Evaluations on the video subjective quality databases demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the representative RR video quality metrics, and even the FR metrics, such as PSNR, SSIM in matching the subjective ratings. Furthermore, only a small number of RR features is required to represent the original video sequence (each frame requires only 1 and 3 parameters to depict the spatial and temporal characteristics, respectively). By considering the computational complexity and the bit-rates for extracting and representing the RR features, the proposed RR quality metric can be utilized for quality monitoring during video transmissions, where the RR features for perceptual quality analysis can be easily embedded into the videos or transmitted through an ancillary data channel. / The aforementioned perceptual quality metrics focus on the traditional distortions, such as JPEG image compression noise, H.264 video compression noise, and so on. In the last part, we investigate the distortions introduced during the image and video retargeting process. Nowadays, with the development of the consumer electronics, more and more visual signals have to communicate between different display devices of different resolutions. The retargeting algorithm is employed to adapt a source image of one resolution to be displayed in a device of a different resolution, which may introduce distortions during the retargeting process. We investigate the subjective responses on the perceptual qualities of the retargeted images, and discuss the subjective results from three perspectives, i.e., retargeting scales, retargeting methods, and source image content attributes. An image retargeting subjective quality database is built by performing a large-scale subjective study of image retargeting quality on a collection of retargeted images. Based on the built database, several representative quality metrics for retargeted images are evaluated and discussed. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Ma, Lin. / "December 2012." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 185-197). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Dedication --- p.ii / Acknowledgments --- p.iii / Abstract --- p.viii / Publications --- p.xi / Nomenclature --- p.xvii / Contents --- p.xxiv / List of Figures --- p.xxviii / List of Tables --- p.xxx / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Motivation and Objectives --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Subjective Perceptual Quality Assessment --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- Objective Perceptual Quality Assessment --- p.10 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Visual Modelling Approach --- p.10 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Engineering Modelling Approach --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Perceptual Subjective Quality Databases --- p.19 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Performance Evaluation --- p.21 / Chapter 1.4 --- Thesis Contributions --- p.22 / Chapter 1.5 --- Organization of the Thesis --- p.24 / Chapter I --- Full Reference Quality Assessment --- p.26 / Chapter 2 --- Full Reference Image Quality Assessment --- p.27 / Chapter 2.1 --- Visual Horizontal Effect for Image Quality Assessment --- p.27 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Introduction --- p.27 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Proposed Image Quality Assessment Framework --- p.28 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Experimental Results --- p.34 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Conclusion --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2 --- Image Compression via Adaptive Block-Based Super-Resolution Directed Down-Sampling --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Introduction --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- The Proposed Image Compression Framework --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Experimental Results --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Conclusion --- p.45 / Chapter 3 --- Full Reference Video Quality Assessment --- p.46 / Chapter 3.1 --- Adaptive Block-size Transform based Just-Noticeable Dfference Model for Visual Signals --- p.46 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Introduction --- p.46 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- JND Model based on Transforms of Different Block Sizes --- p.48 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Selection Strategy Between Transforms of Different Block Sizes --- p.53 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- JND Model Evaluation --- p.56 / Chapter 3.1.5 --- Conclusion --- p.60 / Chapter 3.2 --- Perceptual Quality Assessment --- p.60 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Experimental Results --- p.62 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Conclusion --- p.64 / Chapter 3.3 --- Motion Trajectory Based Visual Saliency for Video Quality Assessment --- p.65 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Motion Trajectory based Visual Saliency for VQA --- p.66 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- New Quaternion Representation (QR) for Each frame --- p.66 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Saliency Map Construction by QR --- p.67 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Incorporating Visual Saliency with VQAs --- p.68 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Experimental Results --- p.69 / Chapter 3.3.6 --- Conclusion --- p.72 / Chapter 3.4 --- Perceptual Video Coding --- p.72 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Experimental Results --- p.75 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Conclusion --- p.76 / Chapter II --- Reduced Reference Quality Assessment --- p.77 / Chapter 4 --- Reduced Reference Image Quality Assessment --- p.78 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.78 / Chapter 4.2 --- Reorganization Strategy of DCT Coefficients --- p.81 / Chapter 4.3 --- Relationship Analysis of Intra and Inter RDCT subbands --- p.83 / Chapter 4.4 --- Reduced Reference Feature Extraction in Sender Side --- p.88 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Intra RDCT Subband Modeling --- p.89 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Inter RDCT Subband Modeling --- p.91 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Image Frequency Feature --- p.92 / Chapter 4.5 --- Perceptual Quality Analysis in the Receiver Side --- p.95 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Intra RDCT Feature Difference Analysis --- p.95 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Inter RDCT Feature Difference Analysis --- p.96 / Chapter 4.5.3 --- Image Frequency Feature Difference Analysis --- p.96 / Chapter 4.6 --- Experimental Results --- p.98 / Chapter 4.6.1 --- Efficiency of the DCT Reorganization Strategy --- p.98 / Chapter 4.6.2 --- Performance of the Proposed RR IQA --- p.99 / Chapter 4.6.3 --- Performance of the Proposed RR IQA over Each Individual Distortion Type --- p.105 / Chapter 4.6.4 --- Statistical Significance --- p.107 / Chapter 4.6.5 --- Performance Analysis of Each Component --- p.109 / Chapter 4.7 --- Conclusion --- p.111 / Chapter 5 --- Reduced Reference Video Quality Assessment --- p.113 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.113 / Chapter 5.2 --- Proposed Reduced Reference Video Quality Metric --- p.114 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Reduced Reference Feature Extraction from Spatial Perspective --- p.116 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Reduced Reference Feature Extraction from Temporal Perspective --- p.118 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Visual Quality Analysis in Receiver Side --- p.121 / Chapter 5.3 --- Experimental Results --- p.123 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Consistency Test of the Proposed RR VQA over Compressed Video Sequences --- p.124 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Consistency Test of the Proposed RR VQA over Video Sequences with Simulated Distortions --- p.126 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Performance Evaluation of the Proposed RR VQA on Compressed Video Sequences --- p.129 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Performance Evaluation of the Proposed RR VQA on Video Sequences Containing Transmission Distortions --- p.133 / Chapter 5.3.5 --- Performance Analysis of Each Component --- p.135 / Chapter 5.4 --- Conclusion --- p.137 / Chapter III --- Retargeted Visual Signal Quality Assessment --- p.138 / Chapter 6 --- Image Retargeting Perceptual Quality Assessment --- p.139 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.139 / Chapter 6.2 --- Preparation of Database Building --- p.142 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Source Image --- p.142 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Retargeting Methods --- p.143 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Subjective Testing --- p.146 / Chapter 6.3 --- Data Processing and Analysis for the Database --- p.150 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Processing of Subjective Ratings --- p.150 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Analysis and Discussion of the Subjective Ratings --- p.153 / Chapter 6.4 --- Objective Quality Metric for Retargeted Images --- p.162 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- Quality Metric Performances on the Constructed Image Retargeting Database --- p.162 / Chapter 6.4.2 --- Subjective Analysis of the Shape Distortion and Content Information Loss --- p.165 / Chapter 6.4.3 --- Discussion --- p.167 / Chapter 6.5 --- Conclusion --- p.169 / Chapter 7 --- Conclusions --- p.170 / Chapter 7.1 --- Conclusion --- p.170 / Chapter 7.2 --- Future Work --- p.173 / Chapter A --- Attributes of the Source Image --- p.176 / Chapter B --- Retargeted Image Name and the Corresponding Number --- p.179 / Chapter C --- Source Image Name and the Corresponding Number --- p.183 / Bibliography --- p.185

by Chi-Chiu Cheung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-131). / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgments --- p.iii / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- The Blind Signal Separation Problem --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Contributions of this Thesis --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Applications of the Problem --- p.4 / Chapter 1.4 --- Organization of the Thesis --- p.5 / Chapter 2 --- The Blind Signal Separation Problem --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1 --- The General Blind Signal Separation Problem --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2 --- Convolutive Linear Mixing Process --- p.8 / Chapter 2.3 --- Instantaneous Linear Mixing Process --- p.9 / Chapter 2.4 --- Problem Definition and Assumptions in this Thesis --- p.9 / Chapter 3 --- Literature Review --- p.13 / Chapter 3.1 --- Previous Works on Blind Signal Separation with Instantaneous Mixture --- p.13 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Algebraic Approaches --- p.14 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Neural approaches --- p.15 / Chapter 3.2 --- Previous Works on Blind Signal Separation with Convolutive Mixture --- p.20 / Chapter 4 --- The Information-theoretic ICA Scheme --- p.22 / Chapter 4.1 --- The Bayesian YING-YANG Learning Scheme --- p.22 / Chapter 4.2 --- The Information-theoretic ICA Scheme --- p.25 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Derivation of the cost function from YING-YANG Machine --- p.25 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Connections to previous information-theoretic approaches --- p.26 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Derivation of the Algorithms --- p.27 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Roles and Constraints on the Nonlinearities --- p.30 / Chapter 4.3 --- Direction and Motivation for the Analysis of the Nonlinearity --- p.30 / Chapter 5 --- Properties of the Cost Function and the Algorithms --- p.32 / Chapter 5.1 --- Lemmas and Corollaries --- p.32 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Singularity of J(V) --- p.33 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Continuity of J(V) --- p.34 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Behavior of J(V) along a radially outward line --- p.35 / Chapter 5.1.4 --- Impossibility of divergence of the information-theoretic ICA al- gorithms with a large class of nonlinearities --- p.36 / Chapter 5.1.5 --- Number and stability of correct solutions in the 2-channel case --- p.37 / Chapter 5.1.6 --- Scale for the equilibrium points --- p.39 / Chapter 5.1.7 --- Absence of local maximum of J(V) --- p.43 / Chapter 6 --- The Algorithms with Cubic Nonlinearity --- p.44 / Chapter 6.1 --- The Cubic Nonlinearity --- p.44 / Chapter 6.2 --- Theoretical Results on the 2-Channel Case --- p.46 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Equilibrium points --- p.46 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Stability of the equilibrium points --- p.49 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- An alternative proof for the stability of the equilibrium points --- p.50 / Chapter 6.2.4 --- Convergence Analysis --- p.52 / Chapter 6.3 --- Experiments on the 2-Channel Case --- p.53 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Experiments on two sub-Gaussian sources --- p.54 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Experiments on two super-Gaussian sources --- p.55 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- Experiments on one super-Gaussian source and one sub-Gaussian source which are globally sub-Gaussian --- p.57 / Chapter 6.3.4 --- Experiments on one super-Gaussian source and one sub-Gaussian source which are globally super-Gaussian --- p.59 / Chapter 6.3.5 --- Experiments on asymmetric exponentially distributed signals .。 --- p.60 / Chapter 6.3.6 --- Demonstration on exactly and nearly singular initial points --- p.61 / Chapter 6.4 --- Theoretical Results on the 3-Channel Case --- p.63 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- Equilibrium points --- p.63 / Chapter 6.4.2 --- Stability --- p.66 / Chapter 6.5 --- Experiments on the 3-Channel Case --- p.66 / Chapter 6.5.1 --- Experiments on three pairwise globally sub-Gaussian sources --- p.67 / Chapter 6.5.2 --- Experiments on three sources consisting of globally sub-Gaussian and globally super-Gaussian pairs --- p.67 / Chapter 6.5.3 --- Experiments on three pairwise globally super-Gaussian sources --- p.69 / Chapter 7 --- Nonlinearity and Separation Capability --- p.71 / Chapter 7.1 --- Theoretical Argument --- p.71 / Chapter 7.1.1 --- Nonlinearities that strictly match the source distribution --- p.72 / Chapter 7.1.2 --- Nonlinearities that loosely match the source distribution --- p.72 / Chapter 7.2 --- Experiment Verification --- p.76 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- Experiments on reversed sigmoid --- p.76 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- Experiments on the cubic root nonlinearity --- p.77 / Chapter 7.2.3 --- Experimental verification of Theorem 2 --- p.77 / Chapter 7.2.4 --- Experiments on the MMI algorithm --- p.78 / Chapter 8 --- Implementation with Mixture of Densities --- p.80 / Chapter 8.1 --- Implementation of the Information-theoretic ICA scheme with Mixture of Densities --- p.80 / Chapter 8.1.1 --- The mixture of densities --- p.81 / Chapter 8.1.2 --- Derivation of the algorithms --- p.82 / Chapter 8.2 --- Experimental Verification on the Nonlinearity Adaptation --- p.84 / Chapter 8.2.1 --- Experiment 1: Two channels of sub-Gaussian sources --- p.84 / Chapter 8.2.2 --- Experiment 2: Two channels of super-Gaussian sources --- p.85 / Chapter 8.2.3 --- Experiment 3: Three channels of different signals --- p.89 / Chapter 8.3 --- Seeking the Simplest Workable Mixtures of Densities ......... .。 --- p.91 / Chapter 8.3.1 --- Number of components --- p.91 / Chapter 8.3.2 --- Mixture of two densities with only biases changeable --- p.93 / Chapter 9 --- ICA with Non-Kullback Cost Function --- p.97 / Chapter 9.1 --- Derivation of ICA Algorithms from Non-Kullback Separation Functionals --- p.97 / Chapter 9.1.1 --- Positive Convex Divergence --- p.97 / Chapter 9.1.2 --- Lp Divergence --- p.100 / Chapter 9.1.3 --- De-correlation Index --- p.102 / Chapter 9.2 --- Experiments on the ICA Algorithm Based on Positive Convex Divergence --- p.103 / Chapter 9.2.1 --- Experiments on the algorithm with fixed nonlinearities --- p.103 / Chapter 9.2.2 --- Experiments on the algorithm with mixture of densities --- p.106 / Chapter 10 --- Conclusions --- p.107 / Chapter A --- Proof for Stability of the Equilibrium Points of the Algorithm with Cubic Nonlinearity on Two Channels of Signals --- p.110 / Chapter A.1 --- Stability of Solution Group A --- p.110 / Chapter A.2 --- Stability of Solution Group B --- p.111 / Chapter B --- Proof for Stability of the Equilibrium Points of the Algorithm with Cubic Nonlinearity on Three Channels of Signals --- p.119 / Chapter C --- Proof for Theorem2 --- p.122 / Bibliography --- p.124

by Bill, Kan Shek Chow. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliograhical references (leaves 39-40). / Chapter Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2. --- The spectrogram --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1 --- Speech signal background --- p.4 / Chapter 2.2 --- Windowed Fourier transform --- p.4 / Chapter 2.3 --- Kernel function --- p.6 / Chapter 2.4 --- Spectrum analysis --- p.7 / Chapter 2.5 --- Spectrogram --- p.9 / Chapter 2.6 --- Reducing dimension of the spectrogram 一 Filter banks --- p.12 / Chapter 2.7 --- Recent experiment on filter banks --- p.12 / Chapter Chapter 3. --- Spectrogram compression --- p.15 / Chapter 3.1 --- Capturing the movement of the spectrum along time --- p.16 / Chapter 3.2 --- Informative statistics ´ؤ peak distance --- p.18 / Chapter 3.3 --- Estimated spectrogram --- p.21 / Chapter 3.4 --- Relationship between spectrogram and the speech signal --- p.22 / Chapter Chapter 4. --- The phase problem --- p.27 / Chapter 4.1 --- The role of the Fourier phase --- p.27 / Chapter 4.2 --- Iteration scheme --- p.27 / Chapter 4.3 --- Smoothing on the noise ´ؤ interpolation --- p.34 / Chapter Chapter 5. --- Conclusion and further discussion --- p.37 / Chapter 5.1 --- Conclusion --- p.37 / Chapter 5.2 --- Further discussion --- p.38 / References --- p.39

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Zhao, Ming. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-117) and index. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Motivation --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Objective of the study --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Challenges and our approach --- p.4 / Chapter 1.4 --- Original contributions --- p.6 / Chapter 1.5 --- Organization of this dissertation --- p.6 / Chapter 2 --- Related Work --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1 --- Critical configuration for motion estimation and projective reconstruction --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Point feature --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Line feature --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2 --- Camera motion estimation --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Line tracking --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Determining camera motion --- p.19 / Chapter 3 --- Preliminaries on Three-View Geometry and Trifocal Tensor --- p.23 / Chapter 3.1 --- Projective spaces P3 and transformations --- p.23 / Chapter 3.2 --- The trifocal tensor --- p.24 / Chapter 3.3 --- Computation of the trifocal tensor-Normalized linear algorithm --- p.31 / Chapter 4 --- Linear Line Structures --- p.33 / Chapter 4.1 --- Models of line space --- p.33 / Chapter 4.2 --- Line structures --- p.35 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Linear line space --- p.37 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Ruled surface --- p.37 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Line congruence --- p.38 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Line complex --- p.38 / Chapter 5 --- Critical Configurations of Three Views Revealed by Line Correspondences --- p.41 / Chapter 5.1 --- Two-view degeneracy --- p.41 / Chapter 5.2 --- Three-view degeneracy --- p.42 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Introduction --- p.42 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Linear line space --- p.44 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Linear ruled surface --- p.54 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Linear line congruence --- p.55 / Chapter 5.2.5 --- Linear line complex --- p.57 / Chapter 5.3 --- Retrieving tensor in critical configurations --- p.60 / Chapter 5.4 --- Rank classification of non-linear line structures --- p.61 / Chapter 6 --- Camera Motion Estimation Framework --- p.63 / Chapter 6.1 --- Line extraction --- p.64 / Chapter 6.2 --- Line tracking --- p.65 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Preliminary geometric tracking --- p.65 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Experimental results --- p.69 / Chapter 6.3 --- Camera motion estimation framework using EKF --- p.71 / Chapter 7 --- Experimental Results --- p.75 / Chapter 7.1 --- Simulated data experiments --- p.75 / Chapter 7.2 --- Real data experiments --- p.76 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- Linear line space --- p.80 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- Linear ruled surface --- p.84 / Chapter 7.2.3 --- Linear line congruence --- p.84 / Chapter 7.2.4 --- Linear line complex --- p.91 / Chapter 7.3 --- Empirical observation: ruled plane for line transfer --- p.93 / Chapter 7.4 --- Simulation for non-linear line structures --- p.94 / Chapter 8 --- Conclusions and Future Work --- p.97 / Chapter 8.1 --- Summary --- p.97 / Chapter 8.2 --- Future work --- p.99 / Chapter A --- Notations --- p.101 / Chapter B --- Tensor --- p.103 / Chapter C --- Matrix Decomposition and Estimation Techniques --- p.104 / Chapter D --- MATLAB Files --- p.107 / Chapter D.1 --- Estimation matrix --- p.107 / Chapter D.2 --- Line transfer --- p.109 / Chapter D.3 --- Simulation --- p.109