Post-marketing surveillance refers to any non-experimental or observational study, method, or monitoring strategy that is applied to obtain information on drug experience (primarily adverse) after a drug has been approved for clinical use. One of the major problems in post-marketing surveillance studies is the lack or under-reporting of drug experiences by health care professionals. This study was developed to describe the impact of three different prescription event monitoring programmes on the reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADR's) in the hospital situation. The intensive ADR monitoring programme and two voluntary ADR monitoring programmes which followed were conducted in the medical wards of an urban teaching and referral hospital. All patients admitted to the designated wards were monitored by a dedicated pharmacist in the intensive programme, ward pharmacists in the first voluntary programme and by medical and nursing staff in the second voluntary programme. The pharmacist monitored a cohort of patients prospectively in two medical wards for a period of three months. The patient's record was linked with any suspected ADR. All details, i.e. patient drug orders, characteristics and ADR description, were recorded and then reported. From 228 patients monitored, 25 cases have been reported. The impact of the intensive ADR monitoring programme was a reporting rate of 11 percent. Reports were received on ADR's of a particularly mild, common and pharmacologically predictable (type A) nature. The first voluntary ADR monitoring programme comprised the reporting of suspected AD R's and the recording of drug orders for the patients and the patient characteristics. The ward pharmacists monitored for suspected AD R's in all patients during their regular ward rounds. Six cases were reported in a population of 1506 patients monitored during the three months. The reports were mainly on moderate to severe suspected AD R's of pharmacologically unpredictable (type B) nature. The rate of reports received by the surveillance unit in this study was 4 reports per ward pharmacist per annum. The second voluntary ADR monitoring programme comprised the prospective monitoring of 1555 patients by medical and nursing staff during their stay at the designated medical wards during the three month period. Patients were monitored for any ADR and when an ADR was suspected, the patient characteristics and drug orders were recorded and reported to the surveillance unit. Ten cases were reported represented by six reports from doctors and four by sisters. The reporting rate was 2 reports per doctor in four years and 3 reports for each member of the nursing team in 5 years. Reports were mainly received on moderate to severe suspected ADR's of a pharmacologically unpredictable (type B) nature.

Introdução Sabe-se que a cadeia do produto farmacêutico é extensa, ampla, dinâmica e que é influenciada constantemente por diversos campos da sociedade. O estudo do risco envolvido em todo o ciclo de produtos farmacêuticos (da produção à pós-comercialização) é relevante diante das incertezas proporcionadas pela Ciência. A criação do SUS, os escândalos da falsificação de medicamentos, a consequente instauração da CPI dos medicamentos, o controle social, a implantação da Política de Medicamentos, o surgimento dos medicamentos genéricos, o advento da Anvisa e todo arcabouço legal advindo destas transformações deram força à democratização do País e a transparência da Gestão Pública. Objetivo Avaliar artigos científicos nacionais sobre aspectos da Vigilância Sanitária de Medicamentos a partir da criação do SUS (1990) até 2011. Métodos Pesquisa nas bases de dados: Lilacs, PubMed/Medline, Embase, Ipha, Web of Science e Scopus e seleção de artigos relacionados à Vigilância Sanitária de Medicamentos publicados entre 1990 e 2011. Resultados e Discussão - A esfera nacional das ações de Vigilância Sanitária foi a de maior foco de estudo (55,83 por cento ). O eixo Produção foi o mais pesquisado (50,92 por cento ) e a categoria mais estudada foi Prescrição e Dispensação (15,34 por cento ). É preocupante o reduzido número de artigos sobre Distribuição, Transporte e Armazenamento Os medicamentos de maior interesse para estudo foram os fitoterápicos (29,41 por cento ). Os autores da região Sudeste do Brasil foram os que mais publicaram (56,44 por cento ). Este fato pode estar relacionado à concentração econômica-industrial e a presença de pólos acadêmico-tecnológicos avançados nesta região geopolítica brasileira. Conclusão- A análise dos achados, opiniões e conclusões de diversos autores distribuídos pelo Brasil mostrou a ausência de qualidade, eficácia e segurança de alguns medicamentos disponíveis no mercado com inerente risco ao paciente / Introduction It is known that the pharmaceutical chain is long, wide, dynamic and constantly that is influenced by many fields of the society. The study of the risk involved in the whole cycle of pharmaceutical products (from production to post-marketing) is relevant in view of the uncertainties provided by Science. The creation of the unified health system (SUS), the scandals of counterfeit medicines, the consequent establishment of the the parliamentary inquiry (CPI) on medicines, social control, the implementation of the medicines policy, the emergence of generic medicines, the advent of ANVISA and the whole legal framework arising from these changes gave strength democratization of the country and the transparency of public management. Objective Assess national scientific articles on aspects of the Sanitary Surveillance of Medicines from the creation of the SUS (1990) until 2011. Method Search in databases: Lilacs, PubMed/Medline, Embase, IPHA, Web of Science and Scopus and selection of articles related to Sanitary Surveillance of Medicines published between 1990 and 2011. Results and Discussion - The national level of the tasks belonging to the Sanitary Surveillance was the major focus of the studies (55.83 per cent ). The axis \"Production\" (50.92 per cent ) and the category Prescription and Dispensing (15.34 per cent ) were the most searched. The small number of articles on \"Distribution, Transport and Storage\" is worrying. The authors have published more about herbal medicines (29.41 per cent ). The authors of southeastern Brazil were the most published (56.44 per cent ). This fact may be related to economic concentration and the presence of advanced industrial-academic-technological poles in this Brazilian geopolitics region. Conclusion - The analysis of the findings, opinions and conclusions of several authors throughout Brazil showed the absence of quality, safety and efficacy of some medicines available in the market with inherent risk to the patient

Introdução Sabe-se que a cadeia do produto farmacêutico é extensa, ampla, dinâmica e que é influenciada constantemente por diversos campos da sociedade. O estudo do risco envolvido em todo o ciclo de produtos farmacêuticos (da produção à pós-comercialização) é relevante diante das incertezas proporcionadas pela Ciência. A criação do SUS, os escândalos da falsificação de medicamentos, a consequente instauração da CPI dos medicamentos, o controle social, a implantação da Política de Medicamentos, o surgimento dos medicamentos genéricos, o advento da Anvisa e todo arcabouço legal advindo destas transformações deram força à democratização do País e a transparência da Gestão Pública. Objetivo Avaliar artigos científicos nacionais sobre aspectos da Vigilância Sanitária de Medicamentos a partir da criação do SUS (1990) até 2011. Métodos Pesquisa nas bases de dados: Lilacs, PubMed/Medline, Embase, Ipha, Web of Science e Scopus e seleção de artigos relacionados à Vigilância Sanitária de Medicamentos publicados entre 1990 e 2011. Resultados e Discussão - A esfera nacional das ações de Vigilância Sanitária foi a de maior foco de estudo (55,83 por cento ). O eixo Produção foi o mais pesquisado (50,92 por cento ) e a categoria mais estudada foi Prescrição e Dispensação (15,34 por cento ). É preocupante o reduzido número de artigos sobre Distribuição, Transporte e Armazenamento Os medicamentos de maior interesse para estudo foram os fitoterápicos (29,41 por cento ). Os autores da região Sudeste do Brasil foram os que mais publicaram (56,44 por cento ). Este fato pode estar relacionado à concentração econômica-industrial e a presença de pólos acadêmico-tecnológicos avançados nesta região geopolítica brasileira. Conclusão- A análise dos achados, opiniões e conclusões de diversos autores distribuídos pelo Brasil mostrou a ausência de qualidade, eficácia e segurança de alguns medicamentos disponíveis no mercado com inerente risco ao paciente / Introduction It is known that the pharmaceutical chain is long, wide, dynamic and constantly that is influenced by many fields of the society. The study of the risk involved in the whole cycle of pharmaceutical products (from production to post-marketing) is relevant in view of the uncertainties provided by Science. The creation of the unified health system (SUS), the scandals of counterfeit medicines, the consequent establishment of the the parliamentary inquiry (CPI) on medicines, social control, the implementation of the medicines policy, the emergence of generic medicines, the advent of ANVISA and the whole legal framework arising from these changes gave strength democratization of the country and the transparency of public management. Objective Assess national scientific articles on aspects of the Sanitary Surveillance of Medicines from the creation of the SUS (1990) until 2011. Method Search in databases: Lilacs, PubMed/Medline, Embase, IPHA, Web of Science and Scopus and selection of articles related to Sanitary Surveillance of Medicines published between 1990 and 2011. Results and Discussion - The national level of the tasks belonging to the Sanitary Surveillance was the major focus of the studies (55.83 per cent ). The axis \"Production\" (50.92 per cent ) and the category Prescription and Dispensing (15.34 per cent ) were the most searched. The small number of articles on \"Distribution, Transport and Storage\" is worrying. The authors have published more about herbal medicines (29.41 per cent ). The authors of southeastern Brazil were the most published (56.44 per cent ). This fact may be related to economic concentration and the presence of advanced industrial-academic-technological poles in this Brazilian geopolitics region. Conclusion - The analysis of the findings, opinions and conclusions of several authors throughout Brazil showed the absence of quality, safety and efficacy of some medicines available in the market with inherent risk to the patient

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oklahoma. / Bibliography: leaves 113-119.