We present gross, net and productive capital stock estimates for 20 industries of the Austrian manufacturing sector based on the perpetual inventory method for the period 1969-1994. The estimation of the net capital stocks and the volume index of capital services follows an integrated method derived from the neoclassical theory of investment. Based on the estimates we calculate capital intensity and capital productivity measures for the 20 industries and provide estimates of capital productivity developments. We find that capital productivity decreased only for 5 out of the 20 industries. The other industries showed in part marked increases in both capital and labor productivity. (author's abstract) / Series: Working Papers Series "Growth and Employment in Europe: Sustainability and Competitiveness"

Diss. (sammanfattning) Örebro : Örebro universitet, 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

以往對於競爭力之探討多著重於探討國家、產業或個別廠商之間的競爭現象，近年來隨著經濟全球化、自由貿易的興起、地方經濟逐漸成為地方政府及許多學者關心的焦點，而在台灣方面，地方自治亦是憲法明定的方向，因此各地方政府為了爭取更多的資金投入、人口及廠商進駐，也將競相改善工作及居住環境，以增進其吸引力，因此未來台灣地區都市之間的競爭現象將愈趨明顯，基於此，本文針對都市競爭力深入探討，並以台灣地區作為實證對象，實際計算都市競爭力。另外，製造業為都市基礎產業，因此本文亦針對製造業生產力及都市競爭力與製造業生產力之間關係深入探討，以作為地方政府規劃都市及產業發展之參考。 本研究可分為四部分，第一部份為都市競爭力與製造業生產力文獻回顧，第二部份為台灣地區都市競爭力與製造業生產力現況分析，實際計算台灣地區都市競爭力、製造業生產力、都市化、地方化及專業化現況及排名，並計算此五項變數之間的簡單相關係數，第三部份為都市競爭力與製造業生產力理論模型建構及實證分析，此部份係以文獻回顧所歸納出之都市競爭力及製造業生產力影響因素，建立都市競爭力與製造業生產力之聯立方程式，並以兩階段最小平方法進行迴歸分析，第四部分為結論建議與後續研究。經由本研究之實證結果，得到之結論為： 一、都市競爭力為都市本身吸引居住人口、廠商及經濟活動之區域特質，受到製造業生產力、公共建設、區位及都市寧適性影響。 二、製造業受都市不經濟影響，專業化因素成為製造業生產力之正面外部經濟因素。 三、製造業生產力為都市競爭力的正面影響因素，都市競爭力亦為製造業生產力之影響因素，但民國85年兩者關係出現轉變，即都市競爭力對製造業生產有負面影響。 / The past study of competitiveness has been focus on the competitiveness of nations, industry or firms. In recent years, because of the economic globalization and the booming trend of free trading, the local economy has been the concern of many governments and scholars. In Taiwan, local autonomy is the future direction recorded in constitution. Local governments will improve the living and working environment to attract persons and capital. The competitiveness between cities will be clearer. In this study, I will study urban competitiveness and compute the urban competitiveness in Taiwan. In addition, manufacturing is the base industry of urban, so this study will also discuss the relationship of urban competitiveness and manufacturing. According to the result of this study, I have several solutions: 1. Urban competitiveness is the ability to attract persons, firms and economic activity and will be affected by productivity of manufacturing, infrastructure, location and urban amenity. 2. Manufacturing is affected by urbanization diseconomies and specialization will improve the productivity of manufacturing. 3. Productivity of manufacturing will improve urban competitiveness and urban competitiveness will improve productivity of manufacturing. But the relationship between urban competitiveness and productivity of manufacturing has changed at 1996.