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D.Ing. / A development model for complex products in a multi-disciplinary development environment, is the focus of this research. Currently there are a few development models in use in industry, however it is shown in this research that these models are based on one or at best two development criteria, for instance TQM focuses on quality but the other development criteria do not feature strongly in TQM. The aim of this research is to develop a generic model for the development of complex, multi-disciplinary products, such as missiles, that have at least mechanical and electronic engineering involvement. The researcher presented a rationale and a problem statement as the starting point of the research. The problem being the scarcity of a development model that includes the TRAMM development criteria into the early stages of development in a multi-disciplinary environment for complex products. The problem statement stipulated the environment and the research essence. The need for a development model that includes TRAMM in a multi-disciplinary development environment for complex products is emphasised. The research objectives and the main definitions used in this research are given. The TRAMM criteria are clearly defined. The TRAMM criteria were emphasised. Currently these development criteria are each researched in an isolated, specialist field. It is shown that not all the TRAMM criteria are included in the current development models. However, the TRAMM criteria as isolated development criteria are fields well documented except in a methodology on how to implement these in the early stages of development. The TRAMM criteria are currently add-on development. The intention with this research is to integrate the TRAMM criteria into the early stages of the development. The researcher gives the possible methodology to include the TRAMM criteria in a development model. The current development models are introduced. The investigated development models are DFR/DFM, IPD, TQM and CE. The strong and weak characteristics of each model are highlighted. A possible methodology on how to incorporate the strong development criteria of the specific model in an integrated development model. The five development phases of the MPS development model are discussed. The MPS development model consists of a number of modules that are used for certain development tasks within the global development process. The contingency and processes of this modular model are one of the major problems. An integrated development model should solve this problem. The MPS development model is the basis for the IPS model. Two product developments based on the MPS model are identified and discussed. During the development of these products, requirements were raised and further development criteria were identified and included in the MPS development model. The development criteria that are introduced in these two developments are highlighted and possible methods on how to include it in an integrated model are discussed. Summaries of four of the literature-surveyed models are ascertained before it is evaluated. An evaluation matrix consisting of 84 development criteria is proposed. This matrix is based on the literature-survey and the current development models. This matrix includes development criteria from these models. The matrix incorporates the TRAMM criteria, management, design, organisation and project policies. The matrix makes a comparison between the different development models including the MPS model. It is clear from the comparison that the different models were developed with a certain aspect of development in mind. These models do not include all the development criteria given in the 84 criteria evaluation matrix. A model is proposed that includes these criteria and that can be tailored according to certain user requirements. An integrated model that includes the criteria given in the evaluation matrix, which includes the TRAMM criteria, is required. Such a model is proposed. This model is named the IPS development model. The IPS development model for development in a multi-disciplinary environment is described. This model is based on the MPS and literature-surveyed development models. From the evaluation matrix, it is clear that some of the criteria are not included in any of the literature-surveyed models or the MPS development model. The inclusion of these criteria in the IPS model is part of the contribution of this research. The research contributions are highlighted. The IPS development model is a model for development in a multi-disciplinary environment for complex products. It can be tailored for various fields including mechanical and electrical development fields. The IPS model concentrates on a 5-phase development structure. This structure concentrates on the management aspects of development. Once the management phase (phase 0) is in place, the development can start. This phase is called the concept, exploration and definition phase (phase 1). During this phase the concepts are explored and defined. In phase 1, no hardware is built. Hardware that demonstrates new technology or reduces design risk is the only exception to this rule. If all the concepts are explored, the demonstration and validation phase (phase 2) can start. The demonstration and validation phase includes the TRAMM criteria of the development. Phase 3, the full-scale engineering development phase is the phase where the hardware is designed and this phase includes the design aspects of the development. Phase 3 is the last phase covered in this research; the other two phases are the production, commissioning and support phases. These phases are included as the framework for the feedback path of the development. The IPS development model is circulated in one of the intended development environments and evaluated. The respondent's results show that most of the criteria in the evaluation matrix are significant the development. On an average scale, the TRAMM criteria are regarded as more than 75% important in this specific multi-disciplinary development environment.

[by] Glen L. Urban. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (MTech (Design))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. / Design as a field of practice is constantly evolving and has predominantly been used to stimulate and facilitate the humanisation of new technologies, so that they are usable and desirable for the capitalist economy (Boehnert, 2013, p. 14). With the evolution of the commercial and economic systems, the role of the designer now needs a shift so that it is able to facilitate new and appropriate interactions (Manzini, 2015, p. 180). This thesis explores what some of those interactions may look like and the role that design may be able to play in assisting them. Enabling society to be better equipped to communicate and collaborate with industry and academia, and vice versa, may be beneficial. The more society’s contributions can be heard, acknowledged and implemented, the better the economy may function. Increasing the transparency and understanding of these systems would potentially allow for less corruption and greater collaboration within and between them, possibly allowing for improved innovation. Once entrepreneurs are better equipped to integrate and take advantage of the institutional structures that are in place, this could drive economic development forward, and more informed and effective decisions might be implemented. Institutionally, through a better understanding of their resources and networks, such research could also lead to the implementation of better management and leadership strategies. This thesis focuses on the role of design as a catalyst for product development in the Western Cape. The concept of enabling innovative product ideas through design is analysed through an examination of three current case studies being developed in this region. To contextualise this a bit further, what is examined are the processes, developments and relationships, within and across the structures of the university, civil society and the design industry. This is explored to identify how each of these groups may support the design process, and where they may inhibit it. The primary objective is to provide a foundational road-map to enable innovative ideas from which citizen projects, universities and the design industry may benefit and continue to build upon. In this way, it may be possible to create a more synergetic relationship between universities, the design industry and civil society, or at least to make that relationship more transparent and mutually beneficial.

No decorrer dos anos 90, a função compras nas empresas do setor automotivo passou por uma significativa transformação. A área de compras, que estava tipicamente voltada para a atividade de aquisição, passou a fazer parte de um processo complexo e integrado, envolvendo, além da área de compras, outras áreas da organização (engenharia, qualidade, finanças, logística, marketing, entre outras) que exercem papel estratégico. Vários fatores contribuíram para essa transformação, destacando-se dentre eles: a influência das práticas da produção enxuta (lean production), as novas formas de relacionamento entre as empresas na cadeia de suprimentos, a evolução dos negócios pela Internet, o surgimento de fornecedores mais especializados em função dos avanços tecnológicos e a própria competição global, provocando uma reestruturação organizacional nas empresas. Neste cenário, o presente trabalho estuda a evolução da atividade de compras levando em conta a interdependência entre as dimensões produzir, comprar e fornecer, interdependência essa que, a partir de um determinado projeto de produto, afeta a forma como a área de compras se organiza e opera na empresa e junto à cadeia de suprimentos. Conceitos como sede de projeto, sede de produção, produção modular, desverticalização produtiva, just in time, entre outros, são tratados no presente trabalho como uma espécie de pano de fundo para a nova configuração de compras, analisada em duas montadoras, localizadas no ABC Paulista, que centralizam as compras de materiais produtivos para as demais plantas localizadas no Brasil. Como contribuição científica, o presente trabalho procura mostrar a configuração de compras de empresas que adotam práticas modernas tanto na gestão de suprimentos como no relacionamento com o fornecedor, analisando a nova forma de atuação de compras, cujas atividades vão além das negociações típicas de preço e prazo e requerem o aprimoramento do perfil e das qualificações dos compradores. / During the 1990’s, sourcing in companies of the automotive sector underwent a major transformation process. The purchasing area, which until then had been typically geared to buying, became part of a complex and integrated process involving other areas besides purchasing (such as engineering, quality, finance and logistics, among others), and which have a strategic role in the organization. Several factors have contributed to this transformation, outstanding among them: the influence of lean production practices, the new types of relationships among companies in the supply chain, the e-business boom, the presence of more specialized suppliers due to technological advancements and to global competition itself. All of these aspects have caused an organizational restructuring in the companies. Ser against this scenario, this work studies the evolution of purchasing taking into account the existing interdependence at the levels of producing, buying and supplying which, based on a given product design, has affected the way purchasing is organized and how it operates within the company and in connection with the supply chain. Concepts such as design headquarters, production headquarters, modular production, production outsourcing - just in time among them - are dealt with in this work as a type of background for the new configuration of purchasing analyzed at two assemblers of the ABC district in São Paulo that centralize the purchasing of productive materials for the remaining plants located in Brazil. This study aims to make a scientific contribution by showing the purchasing configuration of companies which adopt modern practices both in supply management and in the relationship with the supplier, analyzing the new role of purchasing, whose activities go beyond the typical price and deadline negotiations, and which require the upgrade of the purchaser’s profile and qualifications.

Thesis (MA--Art and Design) -- AUT University, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references. Also held in print (65 leaves : col. ill. ; 22 x 30 cm.) in City Campus Collection (T 658.5752 BOU)

No processo de desenvolvimento de novos produtos e serviços, o entendimento de quais demandas são exigidas pelo mercado conduz ao desenvolvimento de projetos com melhores soluções aos clientes. Na busca deste entendimento, técnicas estatísticas multivariadas são utilizadas como suporte para identificar e valorar os requisitos derivados destas demandas. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma abordagem para aplicação de técnicas estatísticas multivariadas no processo de desenvolvimento de novos produtos (PDP). Estas técnicas podem auxiliar as empresas no gerenciamento de requisitos, contribuindo para: (i) coletar e organizar os requisitos do produto; (ii) identificar os requisitos considerados como mais relevantes; (iii) identificar os segmentos de mercado baseado nas características valoradas pelo público-alvo; (iv) verificar associações entre requisitos de um produto e determinadas características do público-alvo. Este trabalho apresenta um exemplo de aplicação contemplando o uso combinado de técnicas estatísticas tais como o método CHAID (Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector), análise fatorial, análise conjunta de atributos e análise de correspondência. A demonstração do emprego destas técnicas é realizada no desenvolvimento de um novo produto de limpeza doméstica produzido com características de sustentabilidade. / The deep understanding of market’s requirements, during the manufacturing of new products and/or services, leads to the creation of products of better configuration attend customers’ necessities. Multivariable analysis techniques can be employed to help identifying such consumer preferences. Therefore, the aim of this study is to illustrate an approach to the employment of multivariate statistical procedures on the development of new products (DNP). These techniques can assist companies in managing products’ requirements by helping them to: (i) assemble and categorize products’ requirements; (ii) identify those requirements considered more relevant among all; (iii) identify market sectors based on the aspects most valuable to consumers; (iv) check on associations between one given product and certain features of general customers. The present work illustrates the combined use of statistical techniques such as the CHAID (Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector), factorial analysis, conjoint analysis and correspondence analysis. The successful application of these techniques is exemplified with the development of a new domestic cleaning environmental-friendly product.

No processo de desenvolvimento de novos produtos e serviços, o entendimento de quais demandas são exigidas pelo mercado conduz ao desenvolvimento de projetos com melhores soluções aos clientes. Na busca deste entendimento, técnicas estatísticas multivariadas são utilizadas como suporte para identificar e valorar os requisitos derivados destas demandas. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma abordagem para aplicação de técnicas estatísticas multivariadas no processo de desenvolvimento de novos produtos (PDP). Estas técnicas podem auxiliar as empresas no gerenciamento de requisitos, contribuindo para: (i) coletar e organizar os requisitos do produto; (ii) identificar os requisitos considerados como mais relevantes; (iii) identificar os segmentos de mercado baseado nas características valoradas pelo público-alvo; (iv) verificar associações entre requisitos de um produto e determinadas características do público-alvo. Este trabalho apresenta um exemplo de aplicação contemplando o uso combinado de técnicas estatísticas tais como o método CHAID (Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector), análise fatorial, análise conjunta de atributos e análise de correspondência. A demonstração do emprego destas técnicas é realizada no desenvolvimento de um novo produto de limpeza doméstica produzido com características de sustentabilidade. / The deep understanding of market’s requirements, during the manufacturing of new products and/or services, leads to the creation of products of better configuration attend customers’ necessities. Multivariable analysis techniques can be employed to help identifying such consumer preferences. Therefore, the aim of this study is to illustrate an approach to the employment of multivariate statistical procedures on the development of new products (DNP). These techniques can assist companies in managing products’ requirements by helping them to: (i) assemble and categorize products’ requirements; (ii) identify those requirements considered more relevant among all; (iii) identify market sectors based on the aspects most valuable to consumers; (iv) check on associations between one given product and certain features of general customers. The present work illustrates the combined use of statistical techniques such as the CHAID (Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector), factorial analysis, conjoint analysis and correspondence analysis. The successful application of these techniques is exemplified with the development of a new domestic cleaning environmental-friendly product.

No decorrer dos anos 90, a função compras nas empresas do setor automotivo passou por uma significativa transformação. A área de compras, que estava tipicamente voltada para a atividade de aquisição, passou a fazer parte de um processo complexo e integrado, envolvendo, além da área de compras, outras áreas da organização (engenharia, qualidade, finanças, logística, marketing, entre outras) que exercem papel estratégico. Vários fatores contribuíram para essa transformação, destacando-se dentre eles: a influência das práticas da produção enxuta (lean production), as novas formas de relacionamento entre as empresas na cadeia de suprimentos, a evolução dos negócios pela Internet, o surgimento de fornecedores mais especializados em função dos avanços tecnológicos e a própria competição global, provocando uma reestruturação organizacional nas empresas. Neste cenário, o presente trabalho estuda a evolução da atividade de compras levando em conta a interdependência entre as dimensões produzir, comprar e fornecer, interdependência essa que, a partir de um determinado projeto de produto, afeta a forma como a área de compras se organiza e opera na empresa e junto à cadeia de suprimentos. Conceitos como sede de projeto, sede de produção, produção modular, desverticalização produtiva, just in time, entre outros, são tratados no presente trabalho como uma espécie de pano de fundo para a nova configuração de compras, analisada em duas montadoras, localizadas no ABC Paulista, que centralizam as compras de materiais produtivos para as demais plantas localizadas no Brasil. Como contribuição científica, o presente trabalho procura mostrar a configuração de compras de empresas que adotam práticas modernas tanto na gestão de suprimentos como no relacionamento com o fornecedor, analisando a nova forma de atuação de compras, cujas atividades vão além das negociações típicas de preço e prazo e requerem o aprimoramento do perfil e das qualificações dos compradores. / During the 1990’s, sourcing in companies of the automotive sector underwent a major transformation process. The purchasing area, which until then had been typically geared to buying, became part of a complex and integrated process involving other areas besides purchasing (such as engineering, quality, finance and logistics, among others), and which have a strategic role in the organization. Several factors have contributed to this transformation, outstanding among them: the influence of lean production practices, the new types of relationships among companies in the supply chain, the e-business boom, the presence of more specialized suppliers due to technological advancements and to global competition itself. All of these aspects have caused an organizational restructuring in the companies. Ser against this scenario, this work studies the evolution of purchasing taking into account the existing interdependence at the levels of producing, buying and supplying which, based on a given product design, has affected the way purchasing is organized and how it operates within the company and in connection with the supply chain. Concepts such as design headquarters, production headquarters, modular production, production outsourcing - just in time among them - are dealt with in this work as a type of background for the new configuration of purchasing analyzed at two assemblers of the ABC district in São Paulo that centralize the purchasing of productive materials for the remaining plants located in Brazil. This study aims to make a scientific contribution by showing the purchasing configuration of companies which adopt modern practices both in supply management and in the relationship with the supplier, analyzing the new role of purchasing, whose activities go beyond the typical price and deadline negotiations, and which require the upgrade of the purchaser’s profile and qualifications.