Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-12-22T15:42:05Z No. of bitstreams: 2 camila_martins_fonseca.pdf: 1000377 bytes, checksum: d7f7feb0ff517d31eeabd794ca00da21 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-12-22T16:47:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 camila_martins_fonseca.pdf: 1000377 bytes, checksum: d7f7feb0ff517d31eeabd794ca00da21 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-22T16:47:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 camila_martins_fonseca.pdf: 1000377 bytes, checksum: d7f7feb0ff517d31eeabd794ca00da21 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A pesquisa foi conduzida no Setor de Ci?ncia e Tecnologia dos Produtos de Origem Animal, do Departamento de Zootecnia, da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina/MG. Foram desenvolvidos iogurtes com adi??o de polpas congeladas de caju? e coquinho-azedo em quatro concentra??es (5%, 10%, 15% e 20%), com adi??o de sacarose (a??car cristal) padronizada para 10% no produto final. Para a caracteriza??o dos iogurtes foi realizada a quantifica??o de bact?rias l?ticas, an?lises f?sico-qu?micas e reol?gicas nos tempos 0, 10, 20 e 30 dias, al?m da determina??o de compostos vol?teis e testes de prefer?ncia, aceita??o e inten??o de consumo no dia de fabrica??o. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 4x4, com 3 repeti??es. Para as caracter?sticas f?sico-qu?micas e instrumentais, foram feitas a analise de vari?ncia, e nos casos em que houve diferen?as significativas (P<0,05), os resultados foram submetidos a uma an?lise de regress?o, na qual as vari?veis independentes identificadas foram os tempos e as porcentagens das polpas e a vari?vel dependente foram as respostas das analises. Os dados da an?lise sensorial de aceita??o foram submetidos ? an?lise de vari?ncia e teste de compara??o de m?dias de Tukey. Foi utilizado para todas as analises, o programa estat?stico Statistica 7.0. Os itens de prefer?ncia e inten??o de consumo, tiveram os resultados expressos em porcentagens. Para o iogurte de caju? e coquinho-azedo os resultados dos par?metros de acidez, pH e contagem de bact?rias l?cticas tiveram altera??es significativas em rela??o ao tempo e a formula??o. A concentra??o da prote?na teve um decr?scimo de acordo com a adi??o das polpas, enquanto o valor do res?duo mineral fixo e a atividade de ?gua aumentaram durante o tempo de armazenamento. Observaram-se altera??es nos par?metros de firmeza e consist?ncia no iogurte de caju?, e de firmeza e coesividade para o iogurte de coquinho-azedo. A umidade, massa seca e ?ndice de viscosidade e consist?ncia n?o se alteraram em nenhuma das vari?veis. O teste de aceita??o dos iogurtes nas diferentes formula??es para todos os atributos (cor, sabor, aroma e consist?ncia) n?o foi significativos. A inten??o de comer sempre foi maior para o iogurte com 10% da polpa de caju? e 5% da polpa de coquinho-azedo. As formula??es do iogurte com 5% de caju? e 5% de coquinho-azedo foram as preferidas dos provadores. ? recomend?vel a utiliza??o de polpa de caju? e coquinho-azedo no desenvolvimento de iogurtes, devido a aceita??o e aprecia??o por parte dos provadores. Apesar de algumas caracter?sticas serem alteradas, n?o houve deteriora??o do produto durante os 30 dias analisados, o qual atendeu as exig?ncias de qualidade para leites fermentados. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2012. / ABSTRACT The research was conducted at the Department of Science and Technology of Animal Products, Department of Animal Science, Federal University of the Valleys Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina / MG. Yogurts were developed with the addition of frozen fruit pulps of caju? and sour coquinho at four concentrations (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) with addition of sucrose (granulated sugar) standardized to 10% in the final product. To characterize the yogurts were quantified from lactic acid bacteria, physico-chemical and rheological at time 0, 10, 20 and 30 days, besides the determination of volatile and preference tests, acceptability and purchase intent in manufacture. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4x4 factorial with 3 replications. For the physico-chemical characteristic and instrumental analysis of variance were performed, and where there were significant differences (P <0.05), the results are submitted to a regression analysis in which the independent variables identified were the times and the percentages of the pulps and the dependent variable was the responses analysis. Data from the sensory analysis were analyzed using ANOVA and comparison of means by Tukey. Was used for all analyzes, the statistical software Statistica 7.0. Preference items and purchase intent, the results were expressed as percentages. The results for caju? yogurt and sour coquinho for the parameters of acidity, pH and lactic acid bacteria counts were significant changes with respect to time and formulation. The protein has decreased in accordance with the addition pulps, while the ash content and the water activity increased during the storage time. Observed changes in the parameters of firmness and consistency in yogurt caju?, and firmness and cohesiveness to the small coconut tart. The humidity, dry mass and viscosity index and consistency has not changed for any of the variables. Acceptance testing of yogurt in different formulations for all attributes (color, aroma, flavor and consistency) were not significant. The intention was always to eat more yogurt for 10% of the pulp and caju?, and 5% of small coconut-sour pulp. The formulations of yogurt with 5% caju? coconut-sour were preferred by the panellists. We recommend using the pulps and caju? and coconut in developing sour yogurt due to appreciation and acceptance testers. Although some characteristics changed, no deterioration of the product met the quality requirements for fermented milk.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-15T17:18:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Fernando Morais Rodrigues.pdf: 2322673 bytes, checksum: 8f5b741d438f97ba0f77ff0820d05b50 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-15T17:18:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Fernando Morais Rodrigues.pdf: 2322673 bytes, checksum: 8f5b741d438f97ba0f77ff0820d05b50 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-25 / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of high hydrostatic pressure on physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of Minas Frescal cheese produced with reduced sodium content. Initially a literature review was presented on the main techniques used to reduce the sodium content. After identifying the optimal salt concentration of Minas Frescal cheese it was studied the effect of information regarding the excessive salt intake on health towards the consumer preference by means of survival analysis and by the acceptance in structured 9-point hedonic scales. Subsequently it was evaluated the effect of salt concentration and the salting method on production yield, physicochemical composition (moisture, ash, protein, fat), titrable acidity, pH, minerals (sodium and calcium content) and sensory characteristics (hedonic test and check-all-that-apply (CATA) of ?Minas Frescal? cheese. For both the experimental design involved the factorial combination of varying concentrations of sodium chloride (0.2, 1.6 and 3.0%) and salting method (salting and sant in the milk mass). Finally it was investigated the combined effect of pressurizing at different pressures (300, 400 and 500MPa / 5 min) and salt content (40, 70 and 100% NaCl) where 100% of NaCl is equivalent to 1.6% of NaCl content/volume of milk (this content set out in Chapter 3) on the physic-chemical, microbiological and sensorial characteristics (perception of salty taste) of Minas Frescal cheese, by using a complete factorial experimental design 2^2 with triplicate at the midpoint. From the data collected parametric models were obtained allowing the estimation of the optimum salt concentration: 3.2 +/- 0.4 (%NaCl). For the cheese with such salt concentration it was obtained 21.5% of consumer rejection, of which 8.3% for considering the Minas Frescal cheese of being "little salty" and 13.2% for considering it ?too salty?. Information on the health hazards due to excessive sodium intake was not significant (p>0.05) for the consumers. Either the effect of salt concentration and/or method of salting either individually or their interaction resulted in significant differences for the parameters moisture, ash, protein and minerals (p<0.05). The salt concentration showed the highest influence on the response variables evaluated in this study. The yield statistically varied among the treatments (p<0.05), and was influenced by the level of sodium, while calcium concentration and also the yield were affected by the salting method, salt concentration and interaction of the parameters (p<0.05). The yield values for different treatments were statistically different (p<0.05). With respect to the sensory analysis the salting methods influenced the acceptance only for the cheeses elaborated with 3.0% NaCl (p<0.05). Salt concentration (1.6%) for both salting methods achieved the highest average acceptance. Significant differences for the physical and chemical microbiological and sensory parameters (p < 0.05) were observed. The physical-chemical response variables more influenced by the treatments were: sodium content, calcium content, NaCl content, salt content, moisture, DPPH, proteolysis and antihypertensive activity. Higher levels of pressure and salt content resulted in further reduction in the microbial population. Bioactive properties (antihypertensive activity and antioxidant activity) of the Minas Frescal cheese was confirmed by the analyses. Regarding the sensory analysis no increase in the perception of salty taste occurred due to the high pressure treatments evaluated. / O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da Alta Press?o Hidrost?tica sob as caracter?sticas f?sico-qu?micas, microbiol?gicas e sensoriais em queijo Minas Frescal produzido com teor reduzido de s?dio. Inicialmente apresentou-se uma revis?o de literatura sobre as principais t?cnicas utilizadas na redu??o do teor de s?dio. Ap?s, identificou-se a concentra??o ?tima de sal no queijo Minas Frescal e avaliou-se o efeito da informa??o sobre os malef?cios do consumo excessivo de sal ? sa?de na prefer?ncia do consumidor pelo produtos, por meio de an?lise de sobreviv?ncia e teste de aceita??o em escala hed?nica estruturada de nove pontos. Posteriormente, abordou-se o efeito da concentra??o de sal e o m?todo de salga sob o rendimento, composi??o centesimal (umidade, RMF, prote?na, gordura), acidez total, pH, minerais (s?dio e c?lcio) e caracter?sticas sensoriais com base em teste hed?nico de aceita??o e Check All That Apply (CATA) do queijo Minas Frescal. Para tanto, o delineamento experimental compreendeu a combina??o fatorial das vari?veis concentra??o de cloreto de s?dio (0,2; 1,6 e 3,0%) e m?todo de salga (salga no leite ou salga na massa. Por ?ltimo, investigou-se o efeito combinado da pressuriza??o (300, 400 e 500MPa / 5 min) e teores de sal (40, 70 e 100% NaCl) onde 100% de NaCl foi equivalente ao teor de 1,6% de NaCl /volume de leite (teor este definido no Cap?tulo 3) sob as caracter?sticas f?sicoqu?micas, microbiol?gica e sensorial (percep??o do gosto salgado) do queijos Minas Frescal, empregando-se delineamento experimental fatorial completo 2^2 com triplicata no ponto central. A partir dos dados processados, foram obtidos modelos param?tricos que permitiram estimar a concentra??o ?tima de sal para os queijos: 3,2 +/- 0,4 (%NaCl). Para esta concentra??o, houve 21,5% de rejei??o por parte dos consumidores, dos quais 8,3% por o queijo frescal estar ?pouco salgado?, e 13,2% de rejei??o por estar ?muito salgado?. A informa??o sobre os malef?cios ? sa?de do consumo excessivo de s?dio n?o foi significativo (p>0,05). J? para o efeito da concentra??o de sal e/ou m?todo de salga, foram observadas diferen?as significativas para os par?metros umidade, cinzas, prote?na e minerais (p<0,05). A concentra??o de cloreto de s?dio (%) apresentou maior influ?ncia sobre as vari?veis de resposta avaliadas. Os valores de rendimento para os diferentes tratamentos diferiram estatisticamente (p<0,05). O teor de s?dio, c?lcio e o rendimento foram afetados pelo m?todo de salga, concentra??o de sal e intera??o de ambos (p<0,05). Com rela??o ? an?lise sensorial, os m?todos de salga influenciaram a aceita??o apenas para os queijos elaborados com 3,0% de NaCl (p<0,05). Concentra??o intermedi?ria deste sal (1,6 %) para ambos os m?todos de salga alcan?aram as maiores m?dias de aceita??o. Para o efeito da Alta Press?o hidrost?tica,diferen?as significativas para os par?metros f?sico-qu?micos (p<0,05), microbiol?gicos e sensoriais foram observadas. As vari?veis de resposta f?sico-qu?micas mais influenciadas pelos tratamentos foram: s?dio, c?lcio, NaCl, %NaCl na umidade, atividade antioxidante, prote?lise e atividade antihipertensiva. Maiores n?veis de press?o e teor de sal resultaram em maior redu??o do n?mero de microrganismos analisados, conforme preconizado pela legisla??o. Propriedades bioativas (Atividade anti-hipertensiva e Atividade antioxidante) foram confirmadas atrav?s das an?lises realizadas. Com rela??o ? an?lise sensorial, n?o houve aumento da percep??o do gosto salgado para os tratamentos avaliados.