As the development of hardware progresses, computers are expected to solve increasingly complex problems. However, solving more complex problems requires more complex software. To be able to develop these software systems, new programming languages with new features and higher abstraction levels are introduced. These features are designed to ease development, but sometimes they also make the runtime behavior unpredictable. Such features can not be used in real-time systems. A feature that traditionally has been unpredictable is garbage collection. Moreover, even though a garbage collector frees unused memory, almost all such methods require large amounts of additional memory. Garbage collection relieves developers of the responsibility to reclaim memory that is no longer used by the application. This is very tedious and error prone if done manually. Since garbage collection increases productivity and decreases programming errors, developers find it attractive, also in the real-time domain. This thesis presents a predictable garbage collection method, real-time reference counting, that increases memory efficiency by about 50 % compared to the most memory efficient previously presented predictable garbage collector. To increase performance, an optimization technique called object ownership that eliminates redundant reference count updates is presented. Object ownership is designed for reference counters, but can also be used to increase the performance of other incremental garbage collectors. Finally, a static garbage collector is presented. The static garbage collector can allocate objects statically or on the runtime stack, and insert explicit instructions to reclaim memory allocated on the heap. It makes it possible to eliminate the need for runtime garbage collection for a large class of Java applications. The static garbage collection method can also be used to remove costly synchronization instructions. Competing static garbage collection methods with reasonable analysis time are restricted to stack allocation, and thus handle a smaller class of applications.

This diploma thesis deals with the topics of "protection of human beings for current risks and incidents", which are part of the individual subjects taught in primary and secondary schools. These topics are currently a very important component of primary and secondary education. Pupils or students need to improve their knowledge of these issues related to the protection of the population. In case of these emergencies, pupils or students are required to show responsible behavior, to be able to orientate themselves in the given situation, to help the affected people and to call the rescue forces to the site. Teachers at elementary and secondary schools who have education in the field of population protection and pass on information to pupils or students using teaching aids and aids. I asked the individual teachers about the subjects they are teaching. Themes are integrated into many subjects, such as education for health, man and the world of work, man and his world, civic education, but also primary education at elementary school, natural science or biology, chemistry or physics. Framework education programs for primary and secondary schools include topics related to the protection of the population. At the school level, they present school education programs issued by the individual school heads, and according to these programs, the education is carried out at individual schools.