A water characteristic and hydrogeologic study was conducted at the site of a proposed lignite mine in Kemper and Lauderdale Counties, Mississippi. The goal of the project was to collect background information on the conditions of subsurface and surface water resources, prior to the development of the proposed mine. Every water well, spring, stream, and pond within the project area was sampled, tested for specific variables, and analyzed. Measurements of pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and specific conductivity were collected. Subsurface water levels were measured at accessible water wells. Spring and stream flow rates were gauged by measuring the velocity of the flow and the cross sectional area. Fourteen surface water sites were monitored, as well as fluctuations during base, normal, and highlow events. The data determined that streams are flashy and overall good quality. The project area possesses limited ground water resources that are of good quality.