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Objectif : Établir le profil psychosocial des femmes enceintes de l'Estrie et évaluer de façon préliminaire si ce profil diffère parmi les grossesses avec issues défavorables. Méthode. Cohorte prospective de 120 femmes enceintes, rencontrées à deux reprises (10-20 et 25-30 semaines), entre août 2004 et mars 2006. Il s'agit d'un questionnaire auto-administré des données démographiques, anthropométriques, des facteurs de risques biomédicaux, ainsi qu'un profil psychosocial comportant 6 dimensions: stress psychologique perçu, ennuis quotidiens, détresse psychologique, locus de contrôle, soutien social, traumatismes dans l'enfance. Les paramètres psychosociaux sont présentés en moyennes ou pourcentages. Le profil psychosocial est comparé entre les grossesses normales et anormales avec les tests t de Student ou le test de Mann Whitney, lorsque approprié. Résultats. Trente trois grossesses (27,5%) ont présenté des issues défavorables (prématurité, restriction de croissance intra-utérine, hypertension gestationnelle, diabète gestationnel). L'analyse du profil psychosocial révèle un score de stress psychologique perçu plus élevé entre 10-20 semaines chez les femmes avec issues défavorables de grossesse (score : 34,2 « 12,3 ; P < 0,01) et chez les femmes avec prématurité (score : 36,1 « 11,2 ; P < 0,02) comparativement à celui des femmes avec grossesses normales (score : 28,6 « 9,6). Par ailleurs, les 5 autres dimensions ne semblaient pas différentes selon les issues de grossesse. Conclusion. Ces résultats préliminaires suggèrent une piste possible reliant la perception de stress maternel durant la grossesse et certaines issues défavorables de grossesse, dont l'accouchement prématuré.

This investigation was designed to study coach and self-appraised groupings of intercollegiate tennis players who yield to stress and withstand stress and to determine if personality differences existed between groups. Subjects were 75 intercollegiate tennis players from Texas. A stress inventory and the Cattell Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire were instruments utilized in the study. Data were subjected to hierarchical profile-groupings, three-way analyses of variance, and a correlational analysis. Conclusions of the study were that intercollegiate tennis players and male and female players respond to stress differently; intercollegiate tennis players and male and female players who experience different levels of stress have different personalities; and players and coaches do not evaluate the ability to cope with stress similarly.

Normal wound healing is a complex process that occurs in overlapping phases and depends upon interactions of the patient, environment and a large number of cells, growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and other biochemical mediators. Psychological stress has been shown to adversely affect the normal wound healing process through its impact on cellular immunity. Cellular immunity impacts wound healing through the production and regulation of many of the above biochemical mediators of wound healing. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the relationships among pre- and post-operative psychological stress experienced by women who were undergoing either immediate or delayed breast reconstruction following mastectomy for breast cancer and influence of that stress on wound healing, specifically the biochemical mediators of wound healing in the local wound environment. An integration of Lazarus and Folkman’s cognitive appraisal model of stress and coping and the psychoneuroimmunology model proposed by McCain, Gray, Walter and Robins (2005) served as the theoretical framework for the research. A descriptive non-experimental design was used, with samples collected over time to describe biochemical patterns in surgical wounds of women undergoing autologous breast reconstruction. Biochemical data were collected preoperatively, as well as at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours postoperatively. Psychological stress instruments were administered pre-operatively and 48 hours post-operatively. Although subjects overall displayed low levels of psychological stress, meaningful wound fluid biochemical mediator patterns were detected. This study adds to our knowledge concerning wound fluid chemical mediators present in the local wound environment over time.

A number of investigators have examined psychological stress-induced endothelial dysfunction, however, the underlying mechanisms for these responses have not been clearly elucidated. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of mental challenge on forearm blood flow, total antioxidant capacity (a measure of oxidative stress), the release of norepinephrine (NE; stress induced neurotransmitter), and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses [both lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated TNF-α and IL-6 cytokine and mRNA] in lean and obese individuals. Twelve subjects who had a BMI above 30 kg/m2 and were above 30% body fat were categorized as obese and twelve subjects with a BMI below 25 kg/m2 and were below 25% body fat were categorized as lean subjects. Blood samples were drawn and forearm blood flow was assessed prior to and following subjects’ participation in a mental challenge protocol consisting of a computer-based Stroop Color-Word task and mental arithmetic task, for a total of 20 minutes. The mental challenge elicited an elevation in HR and NE in both the lean and obese groups. Furthermore, both lean and obese groups demonstrated an increase in FBF following the mental challenge, whereas no changes in total antioxidant capacity were observed. In addition, the lean group exhibited an increase in LPS-stimulated TNF-α cytokine production from baseline to following the mental challenge, whereas the obese group demonstrated a decrease in LPS-stimulated TNF-α cytokines. This corresponded with a decrease in LPS-stimulated TNF-α mRNA expression in the obese group, although the obese subjects maintained higher levels of both measurements (LPS-stimulated TNF-α cytokine and mRNA expression) compared with the lean group. Furthermore, in the LPS-stimulated IL-6 cytokine response, the obese group demonstrated a greater increase than the lean group following the mental challenge, even though both groups showed an increase in LPS-stimulated IL-6 mRNA expression. These findings suggest that the magnitude and direction of LPS-stimulated TNF-α cytokine response and mRNA expression and LPS-stimulated IL-6 cytokine response to acute stress may be dependent upon the effects of the additional percentage of body fat seen in obese individuals.

Presented theoretical and empirical thesis deals with the issue of external ventricular drainage and coping with stress in parents of children hospitalized at the intensive care unit of an unnamed workplace. The theoretical part of the definition of ,,external ventricular drainage" and the problems associated with the care of children with established external ventricular drainage. As part of the anatomy and pathophysiology of the brain, where the drainage introduced. This chapter also discussed the hospitalization of the child, including accompanying persons and the possible effect on the entire family of the situation. At the end of this part are mapped psychological stress, stress and stress management techniques to assist. The research part of this work was aimed at comparing whether the parents of sick children plays an important factor in coping with this stressful situation nursing staff or a close family. It was also determined the rate of information provided to parents of young patients by medical personnel. Furthermore, the aim was to work to determine overall satisfaction with the approach of parents and professionals work at the specific workplace. In the empirical part contains the results of quantitative research implemented initially, with the help of special questionnaire, which...

Introdução: O aparecimento dos transtornos mentais em crianças pode interferir no seu desenvolvimento psicológico e afetar seus relacionamentos interpessoais e seu desempenho escolar. Por isso, identificar precocemente crianças com risco de desenvolver quadros de transtorno metal, permitirá uma intervenção também precoce, minimizando o sofrimento da criança e de sua família. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver e validar a Escala de Identificação de Sintomas Psicopatológicos em Escolares (EISPE). Método: Trata-se de uma escala do tipo Likert com 23 afirmativas relacionadas ao humor, padrões alimentares, uso/abuso de substâncias psicoativas, ansiedade, condutas sociais, e atenção/atividade motora da criança. Para a validação do instrumento foram realizados três procedimentos: Procedimentos teóricos - composto pela validação de conteúdo por meio da submissão do questionário inicial de 29 itens, para a análise, por um painel de 7 juízes, cujas respostas foram analisadas segundo a clareza e representatividade dos itens, bem como a alocação dos itens em fatores. A concordância entre os juízes quanto às essas qualidades, foi avaliada pelo cálculo do IVC e do PABAK; em seguida, o questionário foi submetido a um teste piloto e aplicado em uma amostra de 40 crianças de 6 a 12 anos matriculadas em uma escola pública da cidade de São Paulo. Finalizada a validação de conteúdo, iniciou-se os procedimentos experimentais, em que a versão prévia do instrumento construído foi aplicada em uma amostra de 201 escolares com idade entre 6 a 12 anos. Os procedimentos analíticos foram representados pela avaliação da validade de construto, testada por meio do Modelo Rasch, e pela confiabilidade da escala, pelo alpha de Cronbach. Resultados: Ao final dos procedimentos teóricos, 6 itens foram excluídos. O valor do PABAK para a clareza foi 0,4, e para a representatividade dos itens 0,65; na análise do IVC, 5 itens foram excluídos e, após o teste piloto, 1 item foi excluído, chegando a uma versão preliminar da EISPE de 23 itens, avaliando seis aspectos. Nos procedimentos analíticos, o Modelo Rasch apresentou a EISPE como uma escala unidimensional, com itens que se ajustaram bem ao modelo, com exceção de quatro itens que apresentaram valores de correlação item-total abaixo de 0,2; e outros dois itens que apresentaram funcionamento diferencial, conforme o sexo das crianças, a confiabilidade dos itens foi de 0,97, e das pessoas de 0,60; o alpha de Cronbach apresentou um valor de 0,67. Conclusão: A versão preliminar da Escala de Identificação dos Sintomas Psicopatológicos em Escolares (EISPE) apresentou qualidades psicométricas satisfatórias, o que sugere que a mesma é confiável para identificar sintomas psicopatológicos relacionados a ansiedade, humor, condutas sociais, atenção/atividade motora, padrões alimentares, e uso/abuso de substâncias psicoativas em crianças com idades entre 6 e 12 anos. A utilização da EISPE em outras populações oriundas de outros contextos, e mais heterogêneas, é desejada no sentido de contribuir com evidências para maior robustez psicométrica do instrumento. / Introduction: The appearance of mental diseases in children may interfere on their psychological development and affect their interpersonal relationships, as well as their academic performance. For this reason, identifying early the children with a risk to develop mental diseases cases will permit an intervention, also early, capable to minimize the child and his family suffering. Purpose: This study had as its purpose the development and validation of the Identification Scale for Psychopathological symptoms in Scholars (EISPE). Method: It is a scale type Likert with 23 affirmations related the childs humor, eating patterns, use/abuse of psychoactive substances, anxiety, social conducts, and attention/ activity engine. For the validations instrument, three procedures were completed: Theoretical Procedures composed by validation of content through the submission of an initial questioning with 29 items, for analysis, by a panel of 7 judges, which responses were analyzed based on items clarity and representation, as well as on the allocation of the items in factors. The agreement between the judges about such qualities was evaluated by the IVC and PABAK calculation; afterwards, the questioning was submitted to a pilot testing and applied in a sample of 40 children between 6 and 12 years old, enrolled in public schools of Sao Paulo city. Concluded the content validation, the experimental procedures were initiated, when a previous version of the constructed instrument was applied in a sample of 201 students aging between 6 and 12 years. The analytical procedures were represented by the evaluation of the construtos validity, tested through the Rasch Model, and also by the scales trust, by Cronbach alpha. Results: By the end of the theorical procedures, 6 items were excluded. The PABAK value for clarity was 0,4, and 0,65 for the items representation; in the IVC analysis, 5 items were excluded and, after this pilot, 1 item was excluded, reaching a EISPE preliminary version of 23 items, evaluating six aspects. In the analytical procedures, the Rasch Model presented a EISPE with an unidimensional scale, with items well adjusted to the model, exception made to 4 items which presented point-measure (point-biserial) correlation value below 0,2; and other two items which presented a different functioning, according to the childrens sex, the items reliability was 0,97, and of people it was 0,60; the Cronbach alpha presented an value of 0,67. Conclusion: The preliminary version of the Identification Scale for Psychopathological symptoms in Scholars (EISPE) presented satisfying psychometric quality related to anxiety, humor, social conducts, attention/ motor activitiy, alimentation patters, and use/abuse of psychoactive substances in children with age between 6 to 12 years. The use of EISPE in other population from other context, and more heterogenic, is desired so as to contribute with evidences for a better psychometric solidity of the instrument.