Trust is considered essential for effective relationships both in the workplace and outside the workplace. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of empirical support for how interpersonal trust is actually developed between a manager and subordinate. This research examines this development by empirically testing antecedents of trust including time as an important moderator. In earlier proposed models of trust, time has either been left out entirely or innocently subsumed in other factors. This research also investigates the impact of different sources of information that subordinates use in determining the trustworthiness of their manager. Multiple research methods are used to address the research questions. First, in-depth interviews with employees were conducted to determine whether the proposed trust model includes all of the important factors that influence employees' trust in their supervisors. Following this, a scenario study was developed to test a portion of the model that deals with the sources of information that subordinates use in assessing a manager's trustworthiness. Finally, two samples of employees responded to a comprehensive questionnaire that uncovered the factors hypothesized to influence trust in their manager. The results from these multiple studies produce a surprisingly simple result: the trust that an employee has in his/her manager is developed through word-of-mouth or reputational information and frequent interaction with the manager. Although a moderator model was proposed and tested, the results, nevertheless, suggest that a more parsimonious model is possible.

Structural equation modeling and hierarchical linear modeling were used to examine the effects of citizen participation in crime prevention programs and fear of crime among residents in Japan. The democratic and efficient management of the programs by citizen leaders, and their adequate support by the police, were found to increase the commitment of residents to crime prevention activities. Further, a sense of personal control over the neighborhood was found to mediate much more of the amount of the impact of these organizational factors on the commitment of residents to crime prevention activities than was the perceived social cohesion of the neighborhood. By contrast, perceived social cohesion was found to significantly decrease the fear of crime among residents, although it did not mediate a substantial amount of the alleviating effects of support by police on the fear of crime. The cross-cultural and policy implications are discussed.

In recent years, the American public has become increasingly fascinated by criminal profiling. Despite the popularity of criminal profiling, however, evidence of its accuracy and utility in serving the various phases of the criminal justice process has not been scientifically demonstrated. Historically portrayed as an art, profiling has increasingly been represented as a science by profiling practitioners, even in the absence of a body of scientific literature to support such a representation. The purpose of this book is twofold: First, the state of criminal profiling today will be critically examined. This examination will include a discussion of the scientific and practical limits of existing approaches and the scientific and practice implications of these limitations for the field of profiling. Next, given the limits of the extant profiling models, this book will discuss the steps necessary for building a science of profiling. It is hoped that collectively these chapters will enable profiling to emerge as a credible and respected field that ultimately will significantly advance law enforcement investigations.

<p> Recent research has uncovered differences in values between individuals who identify with the working class (WK) versus those who identify with the middle class (MD). WK individuals strive for interdependence, group belonging, and orienting toward others; their MD counterparts strive for independence, standing out from a group, and orient toward the self. These contrasts have been shown to influence behavior. The current study utilized a paradigm for studying socially motivated underachievement to investigate how these contrasting normative guidelines affected behavior in a situation that pitted individual achievement goals against prosocial goals. WK individuals, relative to MD individuals, were expected to perform their worst in this goal conflict situation. The anticipated pattern of means emerged for WK participants, although not significant, such that performance was worst in the goal conflict situation. However, MD participants surprisingly performed their best when presented with this goal conflict.</p>

<p>Given the threats of climate change along with limited natural resources, colleges and universities are in a position to role model sustainable practices and provide opportunities for students to learn how to live more sustainable lives. Campus housing departments are well positioned to implement sustainability education programs for their residential students. Residential college students are often less motivated to engage in sustainable living behaviors because they perceive minimal control over their living environment and are not held accountable for their resource consumption. This study evaluated the effect the No Impact Jack Sustainable Living Certificate program had on promoting and sustaining behavior change in residential college students. The program design applied the theory of planned behavior, which uses reported behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, and control beliefs to predict behavioral intention for performing the target behaviors. This study identified barriers and motivations for engaging in sustainable living behaviors, as perceived by first year residential students, alongside the testing of certain Community Based Social Marketing strategies including public commitment, social norms, and incentives. The No Impact Jack program was most successful in helping participants maintain their current behaviors and affirming their motivations for engaging in sustainable behaviors in the context of a new and slightly more challenging living environment. Those who participated in the No Impact Jack program were less susceptible than the other research participants to the perceived barriers (control beliefs) encountered in this new environment. Participation in the No Impact Jack program helped them learn more about sustainable living behaviors in the college environment and the certificate on the door provided additional motivation for holding themselves accountable to the commitment they made. The results provided direction on what type of education and programmatic outreach to provide to residential college students in order to facilitate and maintain desired behavior changes. </p>

<p> The principal objective of this study was to understand the Macedonian psyche, more specifically the cultural layer of the psyche that makes this group unique, using the insights of depth psychology. The study addressed the question regarding how the myths and rituals about birth and dying have contributed to the formation of cultural, national, and personal identity, and how the complex of the culture is deeply embedded in individual and group psyches. Taking a historical perspective on Macedonian identity, beliefs, and rituals, this study contributes to the discussion about the role of the archetypal, collective, cultural, and symbolic function of the psyche in the creation of identity and culture. Narrative inquiry was utilized in this study. Specifically, through the narratives of 4 participants, the psychic processes involved in the identity formation and change influenced by certain cultural forms, such as traditional beliefs and ritualistic practices, are described. Subsequently, by analyzing the mythical beliefs and investigating the archetypal material that lies in the heart of a culture, a cultural complex was identified and examined.</p><p> Seven themes discovered in this study along with the analysis of the myth, which mirrors the Macedonian group psyche, offer a comprehensive depth psychological understanding of the phenomenon of the Macedonian <i>cultural complex of inferiority and smallness</i>, explaining the bipolarity of the complex with its destructive and constructive manifestations in the group and individual behavior. A transgenerational trauma of oppression and continued grieving for the loss of a hero/father figure underlie the complex of inferiority and smallness.</p><p> The study concluded with the discussion about healing of the complex, illuminating psychology that strives to understand, experience, and consciously embrace the loss. An area in need of further depth perspective research is a cross-cultural inquiry regarding group complexes and their interaction between nations in volatile parts of the world, such as the Balkans.</p><p> Key Words: Cultural Complex, Jung, Myth, Ritual, Macedonia, Psyche, National Identity, Transgenerational Trauma, Depth Psychology.</p>

<p> Homicide followed by suicide is a relatively rare event in which one individual kills another and subsequently dies by suicide, usually shortly after the homicide (Barraclough &amp; Harris, 2002). Intimate Partner Homicide-Suicide (also IPH-S and Murder-Suicide) occurs when a person kills an intimate partner&mdash;a current or former romantic partner or family member&mdash;and then kills him or herself. The goals of this proposal and subsequent dissertation are to determine the quality and accuracy of the <i>media coverage</i> of intimate partner homicide-suicide, along with identifying the <i> geographic distribution</i> of dyads or linked cases of intimate partner homicide-suicide. Relying on data collected from the Internet through digitized media reports on intimate partner homicide-suicide, I expect to conduct scientific analyses of paired cases or dyads to assess or examine the quality and quantity of coverage. These analyses will explore how accurately and comprehensively the media portrays the intimate, violent relationship. In addition, geographic site data will be analyzed using ESRI, software that will establish geographic distribution across the United States.</p>

<p> The United States Air Force (USAF) organization has a hierarchical leadership structure and multi-generation work force. The problem addressed in this study is the absence of USAF Millennial generation (born between 1982 and 2005) officer voices to inform USAF senior leaders about Millennials&rsquo; formal and informal leadership development perspectives. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore how USAF Millennial officers describe their lived leadership development experiences. During indepth interviews six male and five female USAF Millennial officer respondents discussed their experiences of being led and learning to lead. Thematic analysis of interview responses and USAF doctrine revealed Millennial respondents supported sustaining the USAF Core Values, cultural heritage, and hierarchical leadership structure. This perspective aligns with the Millennial civic generation type that values community and loyalty in relationships. Recommendations emerged for USAF senior leaders to meet Millennial officer leadership development needs, increasing retention, and enhancing recruitment strategies. Findings indicated minimizing hierarchical position power when developing USAF leaders will meet Millennial officer needs and increasing the importance of valuing generation diversity and Millennial generation cohort contributions will influence USAF Millennial officers to continue their USAF employment. Modifying USAF mentoring using a systems thinking approach will increase USAF Millennial officer interest to help USAF senior leaders plan for change. Leveraging USAF Millennial generation cohort characteristics that align with those of the G.I. Generation cohort (born between 1901 and 1924) provides USAF senior leaders with options to accommodate current and future USAF generation employees.</p>

<p> Almost every athlete will experience at least one sport related injury (SRI) during his or her career in sport. Because of these injuries, there is often a period of time that the athlete is removed from play and forced to complete a rehabilitation program. In order to enhance this rehabilitation process, researchers have investigated various mental skills used by athletes to enhance their recovery process. Two of the areas that research has reviewed in terms of injury rehabilitation have been imagery and self-efficacy. However, there is a lack of research in which an imagery education intervention has been implemented to see how athletes in a rehabilitation program respond in terms of their imagery use, levels of self-efficacy, and speed of recovery. Therefore, this study investigated the use of an imagery education program, and its effect on athletes' imagery use, self-efficacy and rehabilitation time. This was done through the use of the Athletic Injury Imagery Questionnaire-2 (AIIQ-2) and the Athletic Injury Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (AISEQ). Due to a high attrition rate in participation, inferential statistics were not able to be conducted in order to truly assess the effectiveness of the imagery education program. However, other conclusions were drawn based on the completion rates and various variables that may have affected those rates. The study found that female, freshman were most likely to complete the entire study, while male juniors were least likely to complete the requirements of the study. </p>

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, 1998. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 59-04, Section: B, page: 1918.