Scholarly Electronic Publishing, Library Space Planning / There is legitimate enthusiasm for scholarly electronic publishing and its potentials. However, the key question for libraries is not whether electronic publishing will continue to grow in importance, but rather how quickly it will displace printed books and journals in the specialized scholarly publishing marketplace. An increasing number of academic libraries face severe space problems, and supplementing print publications with electronic versions will not save library space--it will increase space needs in the near term as a growing number of workstations are added to provide access to electronic information. It is only when the library replaces print with electronic sources that the potential to save space emerges as a result of electronic publishing. If Nostradamus were alive, he might be able to predict when scholarly electronic publishing will reach such a critical mass. This essay will not try to do so; however, it will briefly outline some critical factors that may slow the evolution of scholarly electronic publishing, extend the life of the printed word, and necessitate the continued existence of physical library facilities.

Despite a variety of problems, electronic publishing on BITNET, Internet, and other networks is experiencing vigorous growth as scholars experiment with FTP archives, list servers, WAIS servers, and other technological tools in order to reinvent scholarly publishing. This bibliography presents selected sources, in both paper and electronic form, that are useful in understanding network-based electronic publishing. A limited number of sources that deal with broader electronic publishing topics, such as intellectual property rights, multimedia systems, standards, and virtual libraries, are also included; however, this bibliography does not provide an in-depth treatment of the large and diverse body of literature that deals with electronic publishing as a whole. In order to focus on recent developments, it does not cover sources published prior to 1989 (most sources are from 1990 to the present).

In Transforming Health Care Through Information Technology the PITAC offers six key recommendations that could significantly expand access to health care, improve its quality, reduce its costs, and transform the conduct of biomedical research. The PITAC sees these recommendations as critical steps toward addressing the challenges that exist to improving Americans' health and health care: *Establish pilot projects and Enabling Technology Centers to extend the practical uses of information technology to health care systems and biomedical research; *NIH, in close collaboration with NSF, DARPA, and DOE, should design and deploy a scalable national computing and information infrastructure to support the biomedical research community; *Congress should enhance existing privacy rules by enacting legislation that assures sound practices for managing personally identifiable health information; Establish programs to increase the pool of biomedical research and health care professionals with training at the intersection of health and information technology; *DHHS should outline its vision for using IT to improve health care and subsequently devote the resources to conduct the IT research critical to accomplishing these goals in the long term; and *DHHS should appoint a senior information technology leader to provide strategic leadership across DHHS and focus on the importance of information technology in addressing pressing problems in health care

A distinction can be made between the electronic journal and a hypertext or hypermedia journal (throughout the rest of this paper the terms e-journal and h-journal will be used) that categorizes them as belonging to two different stages in the evolution of electronic documents [1 ]. While the e-journal contains unstructured text and mimics the print model of journal publication, the h-journal builds upon both. It contains structured text, hypertext, and incorporates notions of user centrality to document creation acknowledging thereby that certain kinds of electronic documents can also function as information systems.

New forms of scholarly communication are evolving on international computer networks such as BITNET and Internet. Scholars are exchanging information on a daily basis via computer conferences, personal e-mail, and file transfers. Electronic serials are being distributed on networks, often at no charge to the subscriber. Electronic newsletters provide timely information about current topics of interest. Electronic journals, which are often refereed, provide scholarly articles, columns, and reviews. Utilizing computer networks, scholars have become electronic publishers, creating an alternative publication system. Electronic serials hold great promise, but a variety of problems currently limit their effectiveness. Given the serials pricing crisis, librarians should encourage the development of network-based electronic serials.

The Scholarly Electronic Publishing Bibliography presents selected English-language articles, books, and other printed and electronic sources that are useful in understanding scholarly electronic publishing efforts on the Internet. Most sources have been published between 1990 and the present; however, a limited number of key sources published prior to 1990 are also included. Where possible, links are provided to sources that are freely available on the Internet. SEPB includes "Scholarly Electronic Publishing Resources," a selective directory of related Web sites, and the "Scholarly Electronic Publishing Weblog," a list of new resources. The primary version of SEPB is an HTML document; however, to facilitate printing, an Adobe Acrobat version of the bibliography is also available. This paper takes a detailed look at the development of the bibliography, and it presents cumulative use statistics for the period October 1996-December 2000.

Fantasies of "virtual libraries," where users transparently access needed information regardless of location, depend on no-cost, unrestricted access to electronic information. In the real world, ownership and access are interwoven, library materials are usually in print form, and libraries are not usually high funding priorities for their parent institutions. If electronic information is obtained from commercial sources, libraries may need to restrict remote access to it. Ironically, print information in remote libraries may be more accessible than electronic information.

This paper examines how scholarly electronic publishing could be conducted on the Internet, the National Research and Education Network (NREN), and the National Information Infrastructure (NII); and it reviews existing proposals for change. It does not consider how the broader electronic publishing industry should be structured to distribute general interest magazines, popular fiction, or other nonscholarly material. Nor does it assume that print-based scholarly publishing efforts will disappear or radically diminish in the near-term future. Rather, it envisions network-based electronic publishing as initially augmenting conventional publishing efforts and then gradually displacing them.

As journal publishing continues to evolve, the access policies of publishers become more differentiated. The open access movement has been an important catalyst for change in this regard, prodding publishers to reexamine their access policies and, in some cases, to move towards new access models. To fully understand where things stand with journal access policies, we need to clarify and name the policies in use. This paper attempts to provide a first-cut model for key journal access policies, adopting the now popular use of colors as a second form of shorthand for identifying the policy types.

This bibliography presents selected works, published between 1992 and the present, that are useful in understanding network-based electronic publishing. Key sources that deal with related topics, such as digital libraries, intellectual property rights, the NII and the NREN, and network software tools, are also included. It does not provide detailed coverage of the large body of literature that deals with general electronic publishing topics. The citation for the first part of this bibliography, which was previously published in The Public-Access Computer Systems Review, is included.