The topic of the final thesis is the project and realization of the pump control using GSM. The present (actual, current) state of control unit of irrigation system is analyzed in the introduction of this thesis. The core of this thesis is to design new controlling irrigation system with using GSM control. In this thesis there are selected suitable (appropiate) components, which are meeting the assigment. After that, the control program was designed. The conclusion of the thesis is to verify the functionality of designed system, to summarize achieved the result and to summarize the possibilities of the system expansion options.

Σκοπός της παρούσας διπλωματικής ήταν η δημιουργία ενός testbench για το ηλεκτρονικό τμήμα της φορητής αντλίας έγχυσης φαρμάκου με χρήση σύριγγας. Η αντλία έγχυσης φαρμάκου με χρήση σύριγγας υπάρχει σε προγραμματιζόμενη και σε μη προγραμματιζόμενη έκδοση. Για την περίπτωση της προγραμματιζόμενης συσκευής χρησιμοποιείται, για τον έλεγχο, ένα TRIPLEX LCD σε συνδυασμό με τρία πλήκτρα (up, down, enter) και ένα Buzzer. Για τη μη προγραμματιζόμενη, που θα έχουμε σταθερό ρυθμό παλμοδότησης - έγχυσης φαρμάκου, δεν θα υπάρχουν τα εξωτερικά πλήκτρα και το display. Αρχικός στόχος ήταν η δημιουργία μιας μονάδας που να ενεργοποιεί τη συσκευή, να είναι ικανή να αλλάζει τις καταστάσεις της, να ενεργοποιεί όλα τα πιθανά σφάλματα και κάποια πιθανά mismatches, ώστε να διαπιστώνεται η σωστή λειτουργία της. Προφανώς για το σκοπό αυτό ήταν απαραίτητη η “αποκωδικοποίηση” όλων των πιθανών καταστάσεων της συσκευής. Απαραίτητη προϋπόθεση, λοιπόν, ήταν η δημιουργία μιας οντότητας που να μπορεί, βάση προεπιλεγμένων εισόδων, να μεταβάλει την τρέχουσα κατάσταση της συσκευής. Η δυνατότητα επιλογής των εισόδων γίνεται με 3 διανύσματα εισόδων (λέξεις), το καθένα από τα οποία θα μεταβάλλει αντίστοιχα τη κατάσταση της συσκευής. Πρωταρχικός στόχος ήταν η δυνατότητα ενεργοποίησης της συσκευής, επιλογής του mode της (προγραμματιζόμενη ή μη) και εναλλαγής των καταστάσεών της. Για τη μη προγραμματιζόμενη συσκευή οι πιθανές καταστάσεις λειτουργίας της είναι η ΟΝ (ενεργοποιημένη) και η OFF (απενεργοποιημένη). Το μοτέρ λειτουργεί με σταθερό ρυθμό παλμοδότησης επομένως δεν υπάρχουν άλλες πιθανές καταστάσεις. Η προγραμματιζόμενη έχει τη δυνατότητα αλλαγής του ρυθμού κίνησης του μοτέρ. Η δυνατότητα αυτή παρέχεται από τα πλήκτρα UP και DOWN. Κάθε αλλαγή στην τιμή του ρυθμού κίνησης του δρομέα γίνεται αποδεκτή αν και μόνον αν πατηθεί το πλήκτρο ENTER. Οι καταστάσεις, λοιπόν, στις οποίες μπορεί να βρεθεί η συσκευή είναι οι: ΟΝ, ΟFF, UP, DOWN, ENTER, NO_ENTER, MODE 0, MODE 1. Οι καταστάσεις MODE 0, MODE 1, έχουν να κάνουν με την επιλογή της συσκευής. Η MODE 0 αφορά την επιλογή της προγραμματιζόμενης ενώ η MODE 1 τη μη προγραμματιζόμενη. Η NO_ENTER επιλέχθηκε για την περίπτωση που κατά τη μετάβαση σε μια UP ή DOWN κατάσταση δεν έχει πατηθεί τo ΕΝΤΕR. Η ενεργοποίηση των παραπάνω καταστάσεων θα γίνεται με επιβολή του αντίστοιχου bit στην τιμή “1”. Κατά την ενεργοποίηση της προγραμματιζόμενης συσκευής, πραγματοποιούνται κάποιοι έλεγχοι. Στην κατάσταση ΟΝ, το κύκλωμα επίβλεψης της μπαταρίας ανιχνεύει την κατάσταση low battery και dead battery, ενώ ταυτόχρονα ελέγχεται αν οι συχνότητες παλμοδότησης του κινητήρα f1και f2 διαφέρουν περισσότερο από 5%. Πραγματοποιούνται , λοιπόν, κάποιοι έλεγχοι που σαν στόχο έχουν την ανίχνευση σφάλματος στη λειτουργία της συσκευής. Σκοπός, λοιπόν, του δεύτερου διανύσματος ελέγχου είναι η ενεργοποίηση αυτών των σφαλμάτων ώστε να διαπιστωθεί η εύρυθμη λειτουργία των διεργασιών ανίχνευσής των από τη συσκευή. Επιλέχθηκε για το σκοπό αυτό ένα διάνυσμα εισόδου, ενεργοποίησης αυτών των σφαλμάτων, 7 bits. Για να γίνει η συσκευή ΟΝ πρέπει, εκτός των άνω επιτυχών ελέγχων, όλες οι διπλές είσοδοι (mode1-mode2, run1-run2, pause1-pause2) να μην έχουν διαφορετική τιμή (mismatch). Aν συμβεί οποιοδήποτε mismatch error στις εισόδους αυτές χτυπά το buzzer. Η πρόκληση αυτού του σφάλματος έγινε με ένα διάνυσμα εισόδου 5 bits. Υλοποιήθηκαν, λοιπόν, τρεις οντότητες καθεμία εκ των οποίων προκαλούσε μεταβολή στην τρέχουσα κατάσταση της συσκευής, είτε σφάλμα είτε απλώς μετάβαση από OFF σε ON κλπ. Η τελική σύνδεση των τριών οντοτήτων σε μία και η επικοινωνία αυτής της οντότητας με τη συσκευή αποτέλεσε το τελικό στάδιο της διπλωματικής. Η καταγραφή των εξομοιώσεων και η όλη συμπεριφορά του υλοποιηθέν μοντέλου απέδειξε τη σωστή επικοινωνία του με τη συσκευή . Ο κώδικας περιγραφής του μοντέλου εκσφαλμάτωσης της συσκευής έγινε σε VHDL ενώ για τις εξομοιώσεις χρησημοποιήθηκε ο εξομοιωτής της Model Technology V-System και Model Sim. / --

<p>A lot of today’s new developments strive for energy efficiency. This includes the hydraulic side of industry. The Division of Fluid andMechanical Engineering Systems of Linköpings University in collaboration with Volvo Construction Equipment in Eskilstuna has developed a newhydraulic concept when it comes to the control of cylinder loads in a wheel loader. The concept differs from today’s application, where the cylinderload is controlled via a valve, in the way that the load is solely controlled by a pump. To control this system, an electrical feed back of operatorsdemanded signal is needed. These signals have to be correctly interpreted so that valve and the pumps perform the requested operation. The newsystem is going to need a unit that can perform these operations in a way that corresponds to the operating level of today’s hydraulically controlledsystem.The study aims to develop a software platform that solves this. This platform shall, besides performing the operators’ demands, monitor the system.The monitoring of the system is a crucial part because of security issues, but also when analyzing the systems functionality. The implementation ofthis software will be done in a real-time computer with the ability to collect data, interpret it and then control the connected units of the system.Further work that is to be done is an energy consumption study of today’s hydraulic system, and on the basis of this study, theoretically evaluate thenew system.The study has resulted in a great insight of an industrial mechanic machine, this in a level that includes an entire system. The wide range of thistask has brought analysis and development of both hydraul mechanical-, electrical- and software related systems. With an understanding of these,both separate and in interaction with each other, a platform has been designed that shall facilitate the forthcoming development of energy efficienthydraulics, both at VCE and LiTH.</p>

A lot of today’s new developments strive for energy efficiency. This includes the hydraulic side of industry. The Division of Fluid andMechanical Engineering Systems of Linköpings University in collaboration with Volvo Construction Equipment in Eskilstuna has developed a newhydraulic concept when it comes to the control of cylinder loads in a wheel loader. The concept differs from today’s application, where the cylinderload is controlled via a valve, in the way that the load is solely controlled by a pump. To control this system, an electrical feed back of operatorsdemanded signal is needed. These signals have to be correctly interpreted so that valve and the pumps perform the requested operation. The newsystem is going to need a unit that can perform these operations in a way that corresponds to the operating level of today’s hydraulically controlledsystem.The study aims to develop a software platform that solves this. This platform shall, besides performing the operators’ demands, monitor the system.The monitoring of the system is a crucial part because of security issues, but also when analyzing the systems functionality. The implementation ofthis software will be done in a real-time computer with the ability to collect data, interpret it and then control the connected units of the system.Further work that is to be done is an energy consumption study of today’s hydraulic system, and on the basis of this study, theoretically evaluate thenew system.The study has resulted in a great insight of an industrial mechanic machine, this in a level that includes an entire system. The wide range of thistask has brought analysis and development of both hydraul mechanical-, electrical- and software related systems. With an understanding of these,both separate and in interaction with each other, a platform has been designed that shall facilitate the forthcoming development of energy efficienthydraulics, both at VCE and LiTH.

The aim of this diploma thesis is reconstruction of an existing heat recuperative station. The reason is morally and physically survive to the device. Introduction to focus on the heat exchangers. The next section is devoted to the actual design of technological devices exchange stations, which represents the heat exchangers, pumps, control valves, safety devices, etc. The final phase is an economic analysis aimed at determining return on investment.

No description available.

Load sensing pumps in hydraulic system of wheel loaders helps in increasing the energy efficiency of wheel loaders. Present day machines have hydro mechanical load sensing system. After the advent of hydro mechanical load sensing concept, over the years, lots of research has been carried out relevant to electro hydraulic load sensing, trying to control the pump electronically. Currently, Volvo Construction Equipments (VCE) is interested in investigating the possibility of implementing electro hydraulic load sensing system in the wheel loaders. Research works has shown existence of several configurations of electro hydraulic load sensing pumps. Successful simulation results of an electro hydraulic load sensing pump configuration would provide a backing for the proposal of building and testing that configuration of electro hydraulic load sensing pump prototype. Also, the thesis work aims in benchmarking hydraulic system simulation capabilities of AMESim and GT- Suite by simulating the existing hydro mechanical load sensing system in both in both the simulation packages. / The thesis work has been carried out at Virtual Product Development (VPD) division of Volvo Construction Equipments (VCE), Eskilstuna, Sweden.

Today, the control of heat pumps aims to first and foremost maintain a comfortable indoor temperature. This is primarily done by deciding input power based on outside temperature. The cost of electricity, which can be rather volatile, is not taken into account. Electricity price can be provided on an hourly rate, and since a house can store thermal energy for a duration of time, it is possible to move electricity consumption to hours when electricity is cheap. In this thesis, the strategy used in the developed controller is Model Predictive Control (MPC). It is a suitable strategy because of the ability to incorporate an objective function that can be designed to take the trade-off between indoor temperature and electricity cost into account. The MPC prediction horizon is dynamic as the horizon of known electricity spot prices varies between 12 and 36 hours throughout the day. We model a residential house heated with a ground source heat pump for use in a case analysis. Sampled weather and spot price data for three different weeks are used in computer simulations. The developed MPC controller is compared with a classic \textit{heat curve} controller, as well as with variations of the MPC controller to estimate the effects of prediction and model errors.  The MPC controller is found to be able to reduce the electricity cost and/or provide better comfort and the prioritization of these factors can be changed depending on user preferences. When shifting energy consumption in time it is necessary to store thermal energy somewhere. If the house itself is used for this purpose, variations in indoor temperature must be accepted. Further, accurate modeling of the Coefficient of Performance (COP) is essential for ground source heat pumps. The COP varies significantly depending on operating conditions and the MPC controller must therefore have a correct perception of the COP. Publicly available weather forecasts are of sufficient quality to be usable for future prediction of outside temperature. For future studies, it would be advantageous if better models can be developed for prediction of global radiation. Including radiation in the MPC controller model would enable better comfort with very similar operating costs compared to when the MPC controller does not take radiation into account.

<div>Pressure compensated vane pump systems are an attractive solution in many automotive applications to supply hydraulic power required for cooling, lubrication, and actuation of control elements such as transmission clutches. These systems feature variable displacement vane pumps which offer reductions in parasitic loads on the engine and in wasted hydraulic energy at high engine speeds when compared to traditional fixed displacement supply pumps. However, oscillations in a currently available pressure compensation system limits the achievable performance and therefore the application of this solution.</div><div>This dissertation presents the development and experimental validation of a lumped parameter model in MATLAB/Simulink of a current pressure compensated vane pump system for an automatic transmission oil supply application. An analysis of the performance of this system using the validated pump model and a developed black box control system model reveals that the low cost solenoid valve present in the control circuit to set the regulation pressure limits the achievable bandwidth to 1.84Hz and causes a significant time delay in the response. To address this limitation, as well as eliminate a non-minimum phase zero introduced by the case study’s control circuit architecture, an actively controlled electrohydraulic pressure compensation system is proposed. This proposed system is explored both experimentally and in simulation making use of the accuracy of the presented variable displacement vane pump model. Significant improvements in the achievable system performance are shown with both a simple PI control law (47% reduction in the pressure response time) and an advanced cascaded model following controller based on feedback linearization (58% reduction in the pressure response time). An analysis of these results reveals that implementing the proposed control system with a 5(L/min)/bar proportional valve with a 20Hz at ±100% (60Hz at ±50%) amplitude bandwidth and a PI control law is an economical path to achieving the best performance improvements for this automotive application.</div>

In this thesis study, a valveless hydraulic servo system controlled by two pumps is investigated and its performance characteristics are compared with a conventional valve controlled system both experimentally and analytically. The two control techniques are applied on the position control of a single rod linear actuator. In the valve controlled system, the flow rate through the actuator is regulated with a servovalve / whereas in the pump controlled system, two variable speed pumps driven by servomotors regulate the flow rate according to the needs of the system, thus eliminating the valve losses. To understand the dynamic behaviors of two systems, the order of the differential equations defining the system dynamics of the both systems are reduced by using the fact that the dynamic pressure changes in the hydraulic cylinder chambers become linearly dependent on leakage coefficients and cylinder chamber volumes above and below some prescribed cut off frequencies. Thus the open loop speed response of the pump controlled and valve controlled systems are defined by v second order transfer functions. The two systems are modeled in MATLAB Simulink environment and the assumptions are validated. For the position control of the single rod hydraulic actuator, a linear state feedback control scheme is applied. Its state feedback gains are determined by using the linear and linearized reduced order dynamic system equations. A linear Kalman filter for pump controlled system and an unscented Kalman filter for valve controlled system are designed for estimation and filtering purposes. The dynamic performances of both systems are investigated on an experimental test set up developed by conducting open loop and closed loop frequency response and step response tests. MATLAB Real Time Windows Target (RTWT) module is used in the tests for application purposes.