Electrocapillary equation for an ideal polarized electrode based on Gibb's adsorption equation is appropriately recast into experimentally measurable quantities in order to apply it to a reversible charge transfer electrode. To calculate the various parameters of the equation developed, experimental details were worked out. For the measurement of Current-time relationship of a single drop, a fast response potentiostat was built by using transistorized chopped stabilized operational amplifiers and precision components in the circuitry with proper compensation for IR-drop in the cell and the electrical double layer capacity. The analysis of I-t curves was done by taking into account the composite nature of the process involved; faradaic and non-faradaic. V(III)/V(II) reversible change transfer electrode in absence of an complexing agent was used for its complete reversibility and high cationic adsorption on the electrode. V(III) and V(II) were prepared in situ in equivalent amounts, by the electrolytic reduction of V(IV). The V(IV) concentration was controlled by photometric titration against standardized potassium permanagate solution. The drop time was taken as a measure of interfacial tension, γ , and electrocapillary curves for the pure solvent... [see PDF file for the rest of the abstract including mathematical figures and equations].

<p> The diffusion coefficient of Co has been measured as a function of temperature in the body-centered-cubic phase of 99.99% zirconium. The diffusion rates are extraordinarily large, and follow the relation D = [3.26 ± 2.77] x 10^(-3) exp -(21,820 ± 960/RT) cm^2 /sec over the range 900 to 1600°C. </p> <p> The Arrhenius plot has a positive curvature above 1600°C. The influence of cobalt additions on the diffusion of 95 ZR and 60 Co in dilute Zr-Co alloys was studied from 0 -2 at.% cobalt at 933°C. A theoretical model was developed to relate the effect to the solute correlation factor. It is established that diffusion in these systems cannot be accounted for in terms of a vacancy mechanism alone. Other models are discussed. </p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

<p> Etch pits can be produced in iron whose shape reflects the crystallography of the crystal. It is shown that pit morphology can be adequately predicted from an orientation dependent dissolution theory. The influence of an air-formed surface oxide film on pit nucleation and morphology is demonstrated. </p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

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No description available.

Unambiguous structure assignment of standards is essential for metabolome characterization of infected plants. Complete structure elucidation of eleven natural polyphenols, resveratrol (1), (-)-epicatechin (2), pelargonidin chloride (3), cyanidin chloride (4), cyanin chloride (5), keracyanin chloride (6), caftaric acid (7), quinic acid (8), procyanidin B1 (9), procyanidin B2 (10), and procyanidin C1 (11) by 1H-, 13C, COSY-, TOCSY-, ROESY-, and HMBC-NMR is described. The sinusoidal modulation frequency of 1H-13C-cross-peaks (J-HMBC) was fitted iteratively to sin(πJH,Ctvar) and yielded 2,3J-coupling values for 1H-13C-correlations in the natural polyphenols. Satisfactory fit to standard Karplus-equations was achieved for glycosides directly attached to the aromatic core in cyanin chloride. Molecular dynamics simulation data in vacuum at the AM1-level of theory were shown to approximate the NMR-solution data reasonably well. Analysis of these standards enables the characterization of unknown plant metabolites produced by bacterially stressed Thompson grape plants provided by the USDA. Initial steps for structure elucidation of 72 unknown fractions is discussed. In addition, selective HCl-catalyzed H/D-exchange was observed for aromatic protons H6 and H8 in flavonoid structures containing a 5,7-meta-disubstituted chromelynium core with free OH-groups. The exchange took place readily in compounds 3, 4, and 6, whereas 1, 2, and 5 did not exchange.

This thesis reviews the method of Mafra, Schlotterer, and Stieberger (2011) for computing the full colour ordered N-point open superstring amplitude using the Pure Spinor formalism. We introduce relevant elements of super Yang-Mills theory and examine the basics of the Pure Spinor formalism, with a focus on tools for amplitude computation. We then define a series of objects with increasingly useful BRST transformation properties, which greatly simplify the calculations, and show how these properties can be determined using a diagrammatic method. Finally, we use the explicit four- and five-point amplitude computations as stepping stones to compute the general N-point amplitude, which factors into a set of kinematic integrals multiplying SYM subamplitudes.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Psychology / Donald A. Saucier / Three studies were conducted to further validate the belief in pure evil (BPE) and belief in pure good (BPG) scales (Webster & Saucier, 2012). Study 1 assessed the relationships between BPE, BPG, and sociopolitical ideology, while Study 2 assessed the relationships between BPE, BPG, and various forms of religiosity. Study 1 and Study 2 also tested whether BPE and BPG predicted aggression and helping via support for relevant foreign (Study 1) or domestic (Study 2) policy issues above and beyond sociopolitical attitudes and religiosity, respectively. Study 3 tested whether BPE and BPG predicted evaluations of a prototypically (vs. non-prototypically) evil perpetrator and a prototypically (vs. non-prototypically) good apprehender. Together, these three studies showed that BPE consistently related to greater aggression and less helping, while greater BPG consistently related to less aggression and more helping, while demonstrating convergence but not redundancy with variables known to justify/suppress aggression or helping. In sum, these studies further demonstrate the reliability and validity of the BPE and BPG scales as well as provide solid groundwork for future correlational and experimental research on these constructs.

Texte remanié de: Doctoral dissertation--Marburg--University. / La publication porte l'ISSN 0169-8834. Bibliogr. p. 243-258.

Syfte: Att undersöka svenska renodlade Internetbanker - “PPI-banker”, och utefter deras strategi studera deras lönsamhet samt om de utgör risker för den finansiella stabiliteten. Teori:  Tidigare forskning kring PPI-banker har påvisat varierande resultat och fokus har skiftat från PPI-bankernas prestation till deras påverkan på den finansiella stabiliteten. Det teoretiska perspektivet vidgas med traditionella teorier kring bankers strategier och risker. Riskerna som behandlas är främst likviditetsrisk samt risker för stabiliteten i det finansiella systemet. Metod:  Studien har genom blandad strategi, med kvantitativ metod för datainsamling och en kvalitativ analys studerat svenska PPI-banker. PPI-bankerna har jämförts mellan varandra men även som grupp mot de fyra svenska storbankerna för att studera strategi och prestation på marknaden. Med hjälp av teori gällande strategier, traditionell bankteori och tidigare forskning inom PPI-banker har en jämförande studie med en tvärsnittsdesign genomförts. Empiri:  Resultatet visade att de svenska PPI-bankerna var lönsammare än de svenska storbankerna mellan år 2007 och 2014 men att PPI-bankerna uppvisade stora skillnader sinsemellan sett till deras strategier. Slutsats: PPI-bankerna tar kapital från storbankerna, men det beror inte på att de erbjuder en mer förmånlig ränta än storbankerna. De investerar inte i riskfyllda investeringar då vissa av PPI-bankerna i stället bedriver företagsfinansiering genom bland annat leasing och factoring. Det konstaterades även att PPI-strategin inte ansågs lämplig för de svenska Internetbankerna. / In recent years Pure Play Internet-banking as a strategy has become increasingly competitive towards traditional benchmark banks. At the same time a Swedish bank released a report where they were concerned about the traditional benchmark banks in Sweden losing capital on the deposits market. The problem is that PPI-banks with their strategy - lower costs and favorable interest rates - can grow rapidly on the deposits market. This results in liquidity surpluses which have to be invested to cover the increased capital cost from increased deposits. At first, this essay aims to study if PPI-strategy leads to better performance than traditional banks with physical branches, seen to ROE and ROA. This essay will also study if the Pure Play Internet-banks (PPI-banks) in Sweden are increasing their market shares on the deposits market and if their favorable interest rates are the cause. At last, this essay will discuss what risks the PPI-banks can pose to the Sweden’s financial stability. The results shows that PPI-banks in Sweden did increase their market shares on the deposit market between 2007 and 2013, but it was not because of their favorable interest rates as proposed by researchers within the field (DeYoung 2005; Arnold &amp; Van Ewijk 2011). Further they performed better than benchmark banks, seen to ROE and ROA, but there were some differences in the strategies between the banks. This study concludes that PPI-banks in Sweden did not perform better because of the PPI-strategy but because of their different strategies and investing activities.