"The effects of heat treating process parameters on the microstructure, residual stress, and distortion of a vacuum carburized, quenched and cold treated ring gear made of Pyrowear 53 has been determined using Abaqus and DANTE software. The data from these finite element method simulations was compared to measured values from physical testing. It was found that the heat treating process of the ring gear could be simulated and provide similar results to the measured and specified values for hardness, carbon content, and distortion. The simulations and distortion in this paper provide a detailed view of the mass transfer, heat transfer, and stress that occur during heat treating. These simulations suggest nonuniform cooling of a ring gear leads to greater distortion than uniform cooling. Simulations compared the retained austenite and hardness in ring gears that were oil quenched and high pressure gas quenched."