This thesis examines the current system of education in Quebec. Quebec spends as much money on education as Ontario but is not seeing the same results. In this analysis the reasons for Ontario's success and the challenges that Quebec is facing are outlined along with suggestions for reform in order to improve outcomes in Quebec.

The study of the Gaspe Limestones reveals that a varied and rich assemblage of "chitinous" microfossils is present within most samples. The fossil evidence for hydrozoans and pterobranchs is presented relying heavily upon infra-red and scanning electron microscopical studies. Using similar methods, melanosclerites are described, their taxonomic status reinterpreted and their affinity reinterpreted. An extensive ultrastructural study of Chitinozoa biology has lead to an ontogenetic, and phylogenetic reinterpretation. They are concluded to be the extinct representatives of the protozoan sarcodines. The relationship of their preservation to early diagenesis of the substrate are also discussed. A new classification is presented as is the new hypothesis for their extinction at the end of the Devonian. The biostratigraphy of the Gaspe Limestones using chitinozoans is used and the evidence for the Silurian-Devonian boundary is presented as is the discontinuity of the Gaspe Limestones especially for the Roncelles Mbr. The evidence for the Silurian age of a fault block is also discussed.

This thesis explores the wide variety of ways in which radical intellectuals and activists in Montreal used and adapted Third World decolonization theory to build a broad movement of solidarity and anti-colonial resistance from 1963-1972. Beginning in the early 1960s, activists and intellectuals in Montreal began drawing upon the language of Third World decolonization to resituate their understandings of themselves, their society, and the world in which they inhabited. Through their engagement with Third World liberation theory – and the closely related language of Black Power – radical intellectuals in Montreal sought to give new meaning to the old conception of humanism, and they worked to drastically expand the geographical frame of reference in which Quebec politics were generally understood. After analyzing the shifting meaning of decolonization in the period leading up to the late 1960s, this thesis explores the ways in which various groups adopted, built upon, challenged, and shaped the conception of Quebec liberation. Montreal’s advocates of women’s liberation, the city’s Black activists, defenders of unilingualism, and labour radicals were all deeply shaped by the intellectual and urban climate of Montreal, and by ideas of Quebec decolonization. They developed their own individual narratives of liberation, yet linked by the flexible language of decolonization, these narratives all greatly overlapped, forming a vast movement which was larger than the sum of its parts. If the concept of decolonization was extremely powerful, however, it was also highly ambiguous and contradictory, and activists only slowly came to an understanding of the multi-layered nature of colonialism in Quebec. By the early 1970s, the idea of decolonization was slowly abandoned by those advocating radical social change in the city. This thesis makes three interrelated arguments. First, it argues that radicalism in Quebec in the 1960s cannot be understood outside of the larger international context in which it emerged. Second, it attempts to rethink the ways in which different groups and movements during the 1960s interacted and fed upon each other’s analyses and learned from each other. And, finally, by looking at the centrality of Third World decolonization to the development of dissent in Montreal, it hopes to add new perspectives to the growing field of international Sixties scholarship, by insisting that history of the ‘West’ was profoundly shaped by its interactions with the Third World. / Thesis (Ph.D, History) -- Queen's University, 2007-11-02 13:07:24.642 / SSHRC

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The objective of this thesis was to determine whether the development of a regionalized health care system in Quebec has enabled this province to meet the health services needs of its citizens in the face of Federal cuts to health care. This was accomplished through the quantitative analysis of the relationship between the incidence of family physician use and self-assessed health status (a proxy for need for care) in Quebec. The data for this study came from the 1987 and 1992-93 Santé Quebec which is a weighted random sample of the citizens living in Quebec aged 15 years and over. Using Aday and Andersen's (1974) framework for the study of access to medical care, the relationship between physician utilization and need, predisposing and enabling characteristics of individuals were analyzed for both years of the survey. The results at the provincial level revealed that need was the most important determinant of use and further that those with higher levels of need had a greater probability of use. Yet, non-need variables were also important in determining use. Specifically, the importance of predisposing factors increased from 1987 to 1992-93. The data were also partitioned by need level and by health region (15 of the 18 health regions in Quebec were included in the Santé Quebec survey). These results showed that need level was important in influencing the associations between the enabling and predisposing variables and utilization. When the data were disaggregated to the regional level, a complex pattern of utilization behaviour appeared which was not apparent at the provincial level. The results of this analysis show that while regionalization has allowed the province of Quebec to better identify the health care needs of Quebec residents, variations in utilization still exist. It has also shown that while socio-economic barriers to use have diminished, the importance of socio-demographic characteristics have increased over time. There are three important conclusions which can be drawn from this analysis; 1) need is an important determinant of physician use, 2) temporal and spatial data analysis should be included in investigations of this type as they can reveal important variations which would otherwise be unnoticed, and 3) further research in this area should incorporate the use of both qualitative and quantitative analysis in order to better identify the individual processes involved in using physician services. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

This thesis is comprised of three manuscripts, each concerned with the narrative abilities of school-aged French-speaking children as assessed with the Edmonton Narrative Norms Instrument (ENNI). The three studies involved the same three groups of participants: one group of 12 children with SLI between the ages of eight year three months and nine year nine months, 12 typically-developing children of the same age and 12 typically-developing children matched on language abilities. Each child completed narrative tasks, language abilities tasks and cognitive tasks during one experimental session at their home. / The first manuscript compares the ENNI narrative production (story grammar and referential expression) of school-aged French-speaking children to those of English-speaking children of the same age. It also provides data on the use of the ENNI with the school-aged French-speaking population with specific language impairment (SLI) by comparing their performance to the performance of their typically-developing (TD) peers. The second manuscript aims to identify which linguistic and cognitive skills contribute to narrative production of children with and without SLI at two levels: the micro- and the macro- levels. Finally, the third manuscript investigates the impact of variations in syntactic demand on the narratives produced by French-speaking children with SLI in comparison to the narratives produced by their age- and language- matched peers. The discussion summarizes the characteristics of French-speaking children's narrative production, the factors contributing to competency in narrative production, and explores the implications of these findings for language processing of children with and without SLI.

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Objectives. Inuit in Nunavik (Northern Quebec) have high rates of suicide among youth in recent years. Suicide may be a manifestation of other co-existing mental health problems. This study examined correlates of psychological distress to identify factors that may be targeted for preventive interventions. Method. Potential correlates of distress were identified through a literature review and secondary analysis of the 1992 Sante Quebec Health Survey of Inuit, in which data was collected from 284 households in fourteen villages (N=584). Bivariate analysis was followed by multiple linear regression to identify independent contributors. Results. Correlates of psychological distress varied by age and gender strata and included sociodemographic characteristics, alcohol/solvent use, social support, significant life events, and country food consumption. Conclusion. In addition to well-established correlates of distress, there were some specific risk and protective factors which varied by age and gender. Further research is required to clarify causal pathways and identify feasible interventions.

For the last few decades, youth behavioral problems have been constantly increasing. As an outcome of the complex interactions of multiple factors, these problems seriously challenge families, the educational system and society. The author presents a multiple case study, with three levels of analysis. Through a qualitative method, subjective data are collected through semi-structured interviews. An individual vertical analysis and a collective horizontal analysis give access to the subjective perspectives of participants (the parent, child and teacher) and the sociocultural context. The results show pattern of life marked by ruptures and conflicts, the need for relation, recognition and guidance. Furthermore, there is a marked absence of communication between the implicated people and spiritual beliefs surrounding this problematic are considered. Intervention avenues are suggested.