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Porous Ge@C materials via twin polymerization of germanium(II) salicyl alcoholates for Li-ion batteriesKitschke, Philipp, Walter, Marc, Rüffer, Tobias, Seifert, Andreas, Speck, Florian, Seyller, Thomas, Spange, Stefan, Lang, Heinrich, Auer, Alexander A., Kovalenko, Maksym V., Mehring, Michael 08 February 2016 (has links)
The germylenes, germanium(II) 2-(oxidomethyl)phenolate (1), germanium(II) 4-methyl-2-(oxidomethyl)phenolate (2) and germanium(II) 4-bromo-2-(oxidomethyl)phenolate (3) were synthesized and their thermally induced twin polymerization to give organic–inorganic hybrid materials was studied. The compounds 1–3 form oligomers including dimers, trimers and tetramers as a result of intermolecular coordination of the benzylic oxygen atom to germanium. The structural motifs were studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and DFT-D calculations. Thermally induced twin polymerization of these germylenes gave hybrid materials based on germanium-containing phenolic resins. Carbonization of these resins under reductive conditions resulted in porous materials that are composed of germanium and carbon (Ge@C materials), while oxidation with air provided non-porous germanium dioxide. The porous Ge@C materials were tested as potential anode materials for rechargeable Li-ion batteries. Reversible capacities of 540 mA h g−1 were obtained at a current density of 346 mA g−1 without apparent fading for 100 cycles, which demonstrates that germanium is well accessible in the hybrid material. / Dieser Beitrag ist aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
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Synthesis and Characterization of Transition Metal Complexes as well as their Application in the Formation of Metal-based Materials and the Investigation of their (Spectro)Electrochemical BehaviorPreuß, Andrea 30 July 2020 (has links)
This Ph.D. thesis concentrates on the synthesis and characterization of tailor-made metal-based precursors and their application in the metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), combustion chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) and in the spin-coating process. Therefore, different complexes containing copper, ruthenium, palladium and gold were synthesized and investigated concerning their thermal properties, especially their decomposition behavior and volatility.
Copper(II) and palladium(II) β-ketoiminates were synthesized and used in MOCVD or spin-coating deposition experiments for the formation of metal and metal oxide materials. Ruthenium complexes of type Ru(CO)2(PEt3)2(O2CR)2 (R = Me, Et, iPr, tBu, CH2OMe, CF3) were investigated concerning their physical characteristics depending on the different carboxylates. While primarily focusing on the thermal decomposition behavior, VT IR (variable temperature infrared) spectroscopy, TG-MS (thermogravimetry-mass-spectrometry) studies and DFT (density-functional theory) calculations were carried out to gain a deeper inside into the degradation of the respective complexes, whereby it was possible to propose decomposition mechanisms. Furthermore, from these results it was possible to propose decomposition mechanisms. Gold carboxylates of type [AuO2CCH2OMe(PR’3)] (R’ = Et, nBu) were synthesized and characterized for the use as precursors within CCVD processes to generate Au and SiOx:Au materials. The deposits were used as heterogeneous catalyst in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol. The deposition behavior of zinc diolate towards zinc oxide layer formation was studied by MOCVD experiments, whereby an influence on the crystallinity of the received films was observed depending on the deposition conditions.
The second part of this dissertation focuses on the synthesis of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (napthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene) functionalized with Fc (Fc = Fe(η5-C5H4)(η5-C5H5)) units as redox-active group. Thereby, the main emphasis was on the investigation of the charge transfer properties between the ferrocenyl entities through the π-conjugated bridges. The charge transfer behavior was affected by the substituents or substitution pattern at the aryls resulting in more or less intense intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) excitations of the respective compounds. In order to explore the interaction between the Fc-functionalized arenes and SWCNTs (single-walled carbon nanotubes), these molecules were studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and DFT calculations. Moreover, disentangling experiments of SWCNTs with a Fc-functionalized pyrene led to the formation of a novel nanoconjugation, whereby the electrochemical response of the ferrocenyl entities is still present. / Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Synthese und Charakterisierung von maßgeschneiderten Übergangsmetall-basierten Precursoren und deren Anwendung in der metallorganischen chemischen Gasphasenabscheidung (MOCVD), in der Flammenbeschichtung (CCVD), oder in der Rotationsbeschichtung. Dafür wurden Kupfer-, Ruthenium-, Palladium- und Gold-haltige Komplexe hergestellt und bezüglich ihrer thermischen Eigenschaften, insbesondere das Zersetzungsverhalten und die Flüchtigkeit, charakterisiert.
Cu(II)- und Pd(II)-β-Ketoiminate wurden synthetisiert und in der MOCVD oder in der Rotationsbeschichtung genutzt, um metallische und metalloxidische Materialien abzuscheiden. Ruthenium Komplexe des Typs Ru(CO)2(PEt3)2(O2CR)2 (R = Me, Et, iPr, tBu, CH2OMe, CF3) wurden hinsichtlich ihrer physikalischen Eigenschaften in Abhängigkeit der verschiedenen Substituenten der Carboxylate untersucht. Dabei lag der Fokus im Besonderen auf der thermischen Zersetzungen, welche mittels VT IR (variable Temperatur-Infrarot) Spektroskopie, TG-MS (Thermogravimetrie-Massenspektrometrie) Untersuchungen und DFT (Dichtefunktionaltheorie) Berechnungen genauer beleuchtet wurden. Dabei war es anhand der erhaltenen Ergebnisse möglich Zersetzungsmechanismen zu formulieren. Weiterhin wurden Goldcarboxylate der Art [AuO2CCH2OMe(PR’3)] (R’ = Et, nBu) synthetisiert und in der CCVD untersucht, um Au und SiOx:Au Materialien herzustellen, welche im Weiteren als heterogene Katalysatoren für die Reduktion von 4-Nitrophenol genutzt wurden. Das Abscheideverhalten von Zinkdiolaten in der MOCVD zur Erzeugung von dünnen Zinkoxidfilmen wurde beispielsweise in Hinblick des Einflusses auf die Kristallinität der Filme untersucht.
Im zweiten Teil der Dissertation wird die Synthese von Fc-funktionalisierten (Fc = Fe(η5-C5H4)(η5-C5H5)) polyaromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen (Naphthalen, Phenanthren, Pyren) diskutiert. Der Schwerpunkt lag dabei auf der Untersuchung des Elektrontransferverhaltens zwischen den Redox-aktiven Gruppen in Abhängigkeit der Substituenten und des Substitutionsmusters der π-konjugierten Brücke. Diese Verbindungen wurden mittels Röntgeneinkristallstrukturanalyse
und DFT-Berechnungen untersucht um festzustellen, ob eine Wechselwirkung zwischen den Fcfunktionalisierten Arenen und SWCNTs (einwandige Kohlenstoffnanoröhren) möglich ist. Entbündelungsversuche von SWCNTs in Anwesenheit eines Fc-funktionalisierten Pyrens lieferten ein neuartiges Hybridsystem, welches Fc-basierte Redoxprozesse zeigte.
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