This thesis is a socio-military history of the development and use of Belle Isle Military Prison; possibly the most notorious of all Civil War prisons. The prison compound stood on a seventy-five acre island in the James River, approximately one-half mile west of wartime Richmond. The island's use as a prison lasted intermittently from July 18, 1862 to February, 1865. During this period the Confederate authorities confined to Belle Isle over 20,000 Federal prisoners of war. The Confederate authorities were unprepared from the very outset of the Civil War to deal with such a large number of prisoners. Due to lack of planning and foresight, the Confederate authorities improvised in a piecemeal fashion and with "stop-gap" measures a prisoner-of-war system. Confederate prisons came into existence merely to relieve the overcrowding at other prison sites. Belle Isle was such a stop-gap measure. The island prison was used only after the other Richmond prisons were congested. The Federal prisoners at Belle Isle suffered from a number of diseases and illnesses, including pneumonia, pellagra, scurvy and dysentery. Possibly more devastating to the prisoners constitution were the psychological effects of prison confinement. So dismal were the conditions on the island that it became known by many prisoners as the "most infamous bit of land in the national geography." / Master of Arts

La raison d'être de la culture, c'est la vie. Les demandes en faveur de l'euthanasie contredisent les fondements de la culture démocratique et du premier devoir de l'État de protéger la vie et de garantir la sécurité de tous. La culture de la mort s'oppose à la solidarité, au respect inconditionnel de la vie, à la volonté de ceux qui sont prêts à renoncer à certains avantages et à certains droits en faveur des plus vulnérables. La culture de la mort est l'effet de l'effondrement éthique de la société et de l'acquisition d'un nouveau pouvoir sur la vie rendu possible par la science moderne. En comparaison avec d'autres époques, nous possédons aujourd'hui plus de connaissances et de moyens techniques dont nous sommes responsables. Apprendre à les assumer en générant un authentique changement culturel respectueux de la dignité humaine est notre défi actuel.

Ce mémoire est consacré à l'étude du comportement des acheteurs misant lors d'enchères à valeur commune. Pour ce faire, j'ai programmé une simulation qui permet de reproduire les résultats d'une expérience sur les enchères à valeur commune ayant déjà eu lieu en laboratoire (Kagel, Levin and Harstaad, 1995, KLH dorénavant). Dans ma simulation, les acheteurs se comportent selon deux modèles de base maintes fois employés dans la littérature, soit le modèle Naïf et le modèle de Nash avec neutralité au risque (RNN). Ces modèles caractérisent les stratégies de mise des acheteurs lors d'enchères à valeur commune. Mes simulations suivent le protocole employé par KLH. J'utilise les mêmes paramètres que ceux fixés lors de l'expérience et simule toutes les combinaisons possibles d'acheteurs de types Naïf et RNN dans la population. Je recherche la composition de types d'acheteurs qui reproduit les résultats obtenus lors de l'expérience de KLH. Après analyse de ma simulation, l'acheteur de type Naïf bénéficierait plus d'une telle composition de la population que l'acheteur de type RNN.

Although some literature exists that examines special education due process practices, the studies have been done in different ways and consequently result in different outcomes. Therefore the purpose of this study was to examine the one-and two-tier due process system in the United States. The study focused on national practices of due process, issues disputed, and disability categories involved in special education conflicts. A survey of the 50 state directors of special education and the director from the District of Columbia was conducted to obtain information concerning due process hearings and dispute resolution for the time period 1986-1987 to 1990-1991. Records of all reported special education litigation for the same time period were obtained from the Law Offices of Charles L. Weatherly in Atlanta, Georgia. Data from the states providing due process information were analyzed with a t-test. The remaining data, both from the survey instrument and litigation records, were analyzed using qualitative analysis, frequency counts, and percentages of the raw data. Findings of the study reveal a slight national trend toward a one-tier due process system for special education dispute resolution. Furthermore, placement remains the most frequently litigated issue, and specific learning disability the most frequently involved category in special education disputes. Finally, there is no predictable relationship between the size of the disability population and the volume of special education litigation. The results of the study evidenced the need for continued research of national practices of due process. Additional research is also needed in the areas of mediation, the costs of due process hearings, and hearing officer's authorization to award attorney fees. / Ed. D.

Twenty subjects were audio and video taped during their exercise leadership examination. The tapes were used to code the interactions that occurred between the exercise leaders and the participants in the simulated cardiac rehabilitation exercise session using an interaction analysis system developed specifically for this physical activity setting group. The system identified interactions that could occur during the warm-up, stimulus, and cool-down phases of the session. The tapes were coded using the Datamyte 801 Observational Recorder. The phases of the sessions were coded individually. A frequency count was made as the interaction categories occurred. The frequencies were converted into rates of interaction (f•min⁻¹) for comparison. The mean rates of interaction were low for the phases and overall (warm-up= .38/min; stimulus= .59/min; cool-down= .29/min; total= .46/min). The individual subject's rates of interaction were all less than 1 interaction per minute (minimum= .28/min; maximum= .72/min). Related t-tests across category facets between phases showed the instruction and explanation facets in the warm-up phase differed significantly from the same facets in the stimulus phase. The compliance facet differed significantly in the stimulus phase from the compliance facet in the other two phases. The monitor facet in the stimulus phase differed significantly from the monitor facet in the cool-down phase. There was no significant differences across facets between the warm-up and cool-down phases. Higher rates of interaction occurred more frequently in the stimulus phase. The coding showed the differences in the interactions of the exercise leaders in the different phases in the simulated exercise session. The low rates of interaction suggest that the exercise leaders may have been reactive to the specific examination situation in which these data were collected. / M.S.