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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

ExpressÃo de uma quitinase de Chromobacterium Violaceum em Pichia Pastoris: purificaÃÃo e caracterizaÃÃo parcial da proteÃna recombinante / Expression of a chitinase from Chromobacterium Violaceum in Pichia pastoris: purification and partial characterization of recombinant protein

CÃcero Silvano Teixeira 28 February 2011 (has links)
FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / A utilizaÃÃo de microrganismos como sistemas heterÃlogos de expressÃo de proteÃnas tem se mostrado uma estratÃgia alternativa e/ou complementar aos passos tradicionais utilizados no processo de purificaÃÃo de proteÃnas. Diante deste contexto, quitinases (EC 3.2.1.14), enzimas hidrolÃticas capazes de degradar quitina, tÃm sido expressas em diferentes sistemas heterÃlogos, incluindo bactÃrias e leveduras. Quitina à um polÃmero linear composto de resÃduos de N-acetil-β-D-glucosamina (GlcNAc), sendo um importante constituinte estrutural da carapaÃa de crustÃceos e membrana peritrÃfica de insetos e, ainda, da parede celular de fungos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo expressar uma quitinase, codificada pela ORF cv3316, de Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472 na levedura metilotrÃfica Pichia pastoris, estirpes GS115 e KM71H, alÃm de purificar e caracterizar a proteÃna recombinante (rCHI3316). A estirpe GS115, portando a construÃÃo (pPICZαA-CV3316), foi selecionada para os experimentos posteriores, pois apresentou um maior nÃvel de expressÃo quando comparada à cepa KM71H. Cromatografia de afinidade em coluna de nÃquel imobilizado foi utilizada para purificar a quitinase recombinante (rCHI3316), que foi eluÃda como um Ãnico pico com imidazol 0,04 M. A proteÃna purificada se mostrou homogÃnea quando submetida à eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida 15% em presenÃa de SDS e -mercaptoetanol (SDS-PAGE). Nessas condiÃÃes, uma Ãnica banda com massa molecular aparente de aproximadamente 87 kDa foi observada. A quitinase rCHI3316 de C. violaceum foi expressa de forma solÃvel utilizando o sistema de expressÃo P. pastoris e, alÃm disso, sua purificaÃÃo foi realizada de forma satisfatÃria. O conteÃdo de estrutura secundÃria foi estimado por espectroscopia de dicroÃsmo circular (CD), com a proteÃna submetida a diferentes temperaturas (10-90 ÂC). Na temperatura de 24 ÂC, o espectro de CD revelou a predominÃncia do conteÃdo de hÃlice alfa (38%), folha beta (26 %) e estrutura randÃmica (37%). Entre as temperaturas de 10-50 ÂC, rCHI3316 exibiu um espectro caracterÃstico de folha beta. A partir de 60 ÂC atà 90 ÂC, rCHI3316 adquiriu uma conformaÃÃo caracterÃstica de hÃlice alfa. A temperatura mÃdia para essa transiÃÃo conformacional foi calculada como sendo 59,6  1,21 ÂC. Experimentos de espectroscopia de fluorescÃncia, com excitaÃÃo a 280 e 290 nm, produziram espectros de emissÃo com comprimentos de onda mÃximos iguais a 339 e 342 nm, respectivamente. Esses valores sÃo caracterÃsticos de resÃduos de triptofano parcialmente expostos ao solvente. Atividade quitinolÃtica contra vÃrios substratos e dependÃncia de pH da atividade enzimÃtica da proteÃna pura foram avaliados. A rCHI3316 exibiu atividade hidrolÃtica sobre os substratos quitina coloidal (1.189,40 U/mgP), 4-nitrofenil N-Nâ-diacetil-β-D-quitobiosÃdeo (30.411,0 U/mgP) e 4-nitrofenil N-Nâ-Nââ-triacetilquitotriose (13.150,0 U/mgP); entretanto, nenhuma atividade enzimÃtica da rCHI3316 foi detectada frente a 4-nitofenil N-acetil-β-D-glucosaminÃdeo. A enzima exibiu atividade quitinolÃtica Ãtima (100%) em pH 5,0; quando quitina coloidal foi utilizada como substrato. Em adiÃÃo, a atividade antifÃngica contra fungos fitopatogÃnicos, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani e Penicillium herquei foi investigada. rCHI3316 nÃo inibiu a germinaÃÃo e o crescimento micelial dos esporos dos fungos testados, na concentraÃÃo de 0,63 mgP.ml-1. Estudos subseqÃentes deverÃo ser realizados na intenÃÃo de descobrir potenciais aplicaÃÃes desta proteÃna como uma ferramenta biolÃgica no controle de outros fungos fitopatogÃnicos bem como insetos considerados pragas. / Microorganisms are a valuable tool for the expression of proteins from a variety of sources, including plants, animals and other microorganisms. Thus, chitinases, a group of glycosil hydrolases capable to hydrolize chitin, have already been expressed and purified from different systems including bacteria and yeast. Chitin, a linear polymer of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc), is an important structural component found in the crustacean shells, in the peritrophic membrane of insect guts as well as in the fungi cell walls. The aim of this work was to express a chitinase (encoded by the ORF CV3316) from Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472, using the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris strains GS115 and KM71H. Furthermore, purification and partial characterization of the recombinant protein were also achieved. The GS115 strain carrying the expression cassette pPICZαA-CV3316 was selected due to its higher expression level as compared to KM71H strain. Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography was employed to purify the recombinant chitinase which was eluted as a single peak at 0.04 M imidazol. The homogeneity of the purified protein was confirmed as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). In these conditions, the recombinant chitinase migrated as a single protein band with an apparent molecular mass of about 87 kDa. Thus, a chitinase from C. violaceum ATCC 12472 was successfully expressed in P. pastoris and the soluble recombinant protein purified. The content of secondary structure was investigated by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. At 24 oC the CD spectrum revealed secondary structure contents of 37% (alpha helix), 26% (beta sheet) and 38% (random coil). The CD spectra obtained in the temperature range 10-50 oC were characteristic of beta sheet. In contrast, the CD spectra generated in the range 60-90 oC were characteristic of alpha helix. The midpoint temperature of this conformational transition was 59.6 1.2 oC as calculated from the CD experimental data. Fluorescence spectroscopy was carried out with excitation at 280 and 290 nm, producing emission spectra in which the wavelengths of maximum emission were 339 and 342 nm, respectively. This behavior is characteristic of tryptophan residues in limited contact with water. Chitinolytic activity against several substrates and the pH dependency of the enzymatic activity of the pure protein were all accessed. The purified enzyme showed hydrolytic activity on the following substrates: colloidal chitin (1,189.4 U.mgP-1), 4-nitrophenyl N-Nâ-diacetyl--D-chitobioside (30,411.0 U.mgP-1) and 4-nitrophenyl β-D-N-Nâ-Nâ-triacetylchitotriose (13,150.0 U.mgP-1); and, respectively. In contrast, no activity was detected using 4-nitrophenyl N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide as substrate. The enzyme presented an optimal chitinolytic activity at pH 5.0 using colloidal chitin as a substrate. Additionally, the antifungal activity against the phytopathogenic fungi, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Penicillium herquei was investigated. The recombinant chitinase did not inhibit the spore germination and the mycelium growth of the tested fungi, at the 0.63 mgP.ml-1 concentration. Further studies should be carried out in order to discover potential applications of this protein as a biotechnological tool in the control of other phytopathogenic fungi as well as economically important pests.

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