The Makah whale hunt was one of the most heavily covered mainstream media events involving Native Americans in the 1990s. This event was characterized by active protests from environmental and animal rights organizations. The Seattle Times coverage presented the issues, conflicts, and controversies in a manner that supported the Makah tribe's efforts. Given the often-deplorable history of Native Americans and the mainstream news media, this may seem to suggest a positive development for Native American tribes. However, it is necessary to ask what factors influenced the Seattle Times decision to portray the event from a pro-Makah angle. Analyzing this coverage provides an understanding of how ideological and commercial considerations influence the news media. This thesis examines how the presentation of the legal and technical issues as well as the character and personalities of the participants was influenced by the new media's commercial and ideological priorities.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether self-esteem increases when youth are given the opportunity to learn more about themselves through increased awareness of their ethnic identity. The study investigated the impact of the Anytown program on ethnic identity and self-esteem among adolescents who participated in the Anytown program. Two instruments were used for the study: the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (1992) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (1965). The first hypothesis, that ethnic identity will increase when youth are given the opportunity to learn more about themselves through increased awareness of their ethnic identity was supported by the results. Statistical significance at the .01 level was determined for the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure; the ethnic identity scale; and the sub-scales of affirmation and belonging, ethnic identity achievement, and other-group orientation. The second hypothesis, that self-esteem would increase as ethnic identity increased, was not supported.

This study examines in terms of Adlerian Life Style as revealed through Early Recollections, actual and perceived Birth Order, and Family Atmosphere the personality characteristics of Korean adults adopted as infants in the United States of America. Eight Korean subjects participated in a structured, tape recorded interview. Each subject reported four early recollections and/or dreams. Transcripts of these interviews were given to a panel of expert Adlerian judges who collectively analyzed and interpreted the gathered information. A composite life style summary could be formulated by combining common themes and personality characteristics. Results indicate several common life style themes and personality characteristics. The most commonly shared attributes were expecting to be hurt, wanting to be accepted and important, and viewing others in a negative sense.

<p> Traditional policies dictate that Black-White multiracial people conform to monoracial minority status arising from Hypodescent (the "One-Drop Rule") and White privilege. Despite some social recognition of Black-White persons as multiracial, racial microaggressions persist in daily life. Subtle racist acts (Sue, Capodilupo, Torino, Bucceri, Holder, Nadal, &amp; Esquilin, 2007b) negatively impact multiracial identity development. Since 2007, studies have increasingly focused on the impact of racial microaggressions on particular monoracial ethnic groups. Johnston and Nadal (2010) delineated general racial microaggressions for multiracial people. This project examines the effects of racial microaggressions on the multiracial identity development of 11 part-Black multiracial university students, including the concerns and challenges they face in familial, academic, and social racial identity formation. Data were analyzed through a typological analysis and Racial and Multiracial Microaggressions typologies (Johnston &amp; Nadal, 2010; Sue et al., 2007b). Three themes arose: (a) the external societal pressure for the multiracial person to identify monoracially; (b) the internalized struggle within the mixed-race person to create a cohesive self-identity; and (c) the assertion of a multiracial identity. Participants experienced Racial Microaggressions (Sue, 2010a; Sue et al., 2007b), Multiracial Microaggressions (Johnston &amp; Nadal, 2010), and Monoracial Stereotypes (Nadal, Wong, Griffin, Sriken, Vargas, Wideman, &amp; Kolawole, 2011). Implications included encouraging a multiracial identity, educating the school community, and eliminating racial microaggressions and stereotypes. </p>

The present study is a microanalytic analysis of the communicative interaction between Inuit caregivers and their children at 16 and 20 months of age. The caregivers in the study included an older more traditional mother, a younger less traditional mother, and a teenage sibling caregiver. Videotaped samples of naturalistic interaction between the Inuit caregivers and children were coded for communicative intent using the Inventory of Communicative Acts-Abridged (Ninio, Wheeler, Snow, Pan, & Rollins, 1991). Preliminary comparisons between the Inuit data and the results of studies of white middle-class caregiver-child interaction were also assessed. Results of the study demonstrate that there are differences in caregiver-child interaction within the Inuit culture and between the Inuit and the white-middle class culture. The implications of these findings for interactionist theories of language acquisition such as Bruner's Language Acquisition Support System (1981, 1985) are discussed.

"Productions of the body" refers both to produced plays which are "about" the body and to the ideological production of "the body" and of bodies (as well as to the bodily production of ideologies). Embodied performance can be the ideal place to study constructions of the body. The charismatic, live body onstage seems to promise a full presence--a promise it cannot fulfill, because the body onstage is inherently other than/to itself. The plays I examine--Othello, The Blacks, Funnyhouse of a Negro, spell #7, M. Butterfly, and the performance pieces of Karen Finley--exploit the otherness inherent in live performance to (re-)present the social construction and performative re-creation inherent in all body-identities. In particular, I discuss the ways in which these plays show race and gender to be fashioned, performed, and "made up," not only onstage, but in "real" life as well. Yet these plays also insist on the need to invoke "real," "present," and "natural" bodies in the political arena. All of these plays, even as they make explicit the theatricality and textuality which produce the body-as-other, still residually promise of a body prior to and directing its production. This promise of a body which cannot be represented and perhaps cannot be "had" at all, remains, for me, a promise as well as an object of suspicion. This dissertation aims to make the ideologies and occlusions which underwrite this promise as explicit as possible, and yet to preserve and clarify its necessity.

A Overseas Chinese draw upon three strategies to articulate their identities as diasporic subjects: (1) being more American, (2) being more Chinese, and (3) hybridizing and commodifying Chinese culture through trans-cultural performances. Through these performances, overseas Chinese are fundamentally reshaping Chinese culture, creating new transnational linkages, and fostering the circulation of the Chinese transnational imaginary. These three strategies are not mutually exclusive, and they often intersect and supplement each other in unexpected ways. Binary models of identity are no longer effective in analyzing diasporic Chinese cultures. Instead, theories which take into account the complexities of uprooted and deterritorialized subjectivies are better suited to the study of new Chinese cosmopolitanisms. Close attention to both global and local contexts, and especially to how the everyday lives of overseas Chinese connect with these factors, is essential in tracking the Chinese transnational imaginary.

Two powerful Mexican female archetypes, La Virgen de Guadalupe and La Malinche, have had a powerful impact on the identities of Mexican American women for many generations. I will focus on the theories of Octavio Paz, a male Mexican intellectual, and Gloria Anzaldua, a Chicana feminist, among other critics, in order to unmask the limitations that these archetypes have imposed on women of Mexican heritage. In The House on Mango Street , the young protagonist, Esperanza Cordero, observes the women in her family and in her inner-city neighborhood as her only available role models. She observes their inability to defy traditional roles for women of Mexican heritage and experiences the effects of those patriarchal constructions in her own life. This analysis explores how one Chicana adolescent goes from childhood to womanhood while living on Mango Street and her refusal to accept those Mexican archetypes in an effort to construct her identity as a Chicana unwilling to conform to those ideals.

While acculturation is among the most popular concepts in cultural psychiatry and psychology, the conceptualization and measurement of this construct continue to be issues of significant debate. Recent literature supports the development of multidimensional models of acculturation, in contrast to traditional linear or unidimensional models. The current study examined a multidimensional model of acculturation in a multi-ethnic community sample of first-generation immigrants in Montreal. Two cultural orientations - Canadian and Self-Defined Ethnicity - were assessed independently among Caribbean (n=109), Vietnamese (n=97), and Filipino (n=109) participants. These two cultural orientations were examined across three dimensions of acculturation: ethnic loyalty, ethnic behaviour, and situational ethnic identity. Correlational and factor analysis were used to assess the distinctiveness of the three dimensions, and the relationship between the two cultural orientations. For ethnic behaviour and situational ethnic identity, the two cultural orientations were not related to one another. Among the Vietnamese and Filipino groups, loyalty to one's self-defined ethnic group was positively related to loyalty towards Canadians. Factor analysis revealed two independent components, corresponding to the two cultural orientations. Overall, results support both the need to assess cultural orientations independently, and the multidimensional nature of acculturation.

<p>The goal of this study is to examine racial residential segregation in U.S. metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. The study uses 1990-2010 decennial census data to answer a broad theoretical question: is the historical black-white color line being replaced by a black-nonblack or white-nonwhite color line? The results show that black-white segregation is higher than black-nonblack and white-nonwhite segregation in metropolitan areas, nonmetropolitan areas, and the United States as a whole. A multivariate analysis reveals that population size tends to be associated with higher segregation in metropolitan areas and lower segregation in nonmetropolitan areas. As a control variable, diversity seems to play an important role in segregation by U.S. region. The study concludes that further research is needed to examine how the color line might change, especially in nonmetropolitan areas, which experienced rapid minority population growth during the 2000s.