The main goal of this Thesis was to measure tritium activity in the Vltava River and in the vicinity of Temelín Nuclear Power Plant (hereinafter referred to as JETE) with the following objectives: Possibility to use the outlet of waste water damping unit (hereinafter referred to as VTOOV) as a control alerting system for nonstandard events in JETE, furthermore, monitoring of possible correlations between volume activity of tritium measured in VTOOV and activity above the limit value of the first quality class in selected sections of the Vltava River as well as comparison of the measured values with the results of other authors, and, finally, assessment of the relevance of the water quality estimated by the volume activity of tritium to the water quality according to other ingredients, i.e., stable isotopes of some metals and risk elements as well as general physical and chemical indicators. Theoretical part of the Thesis deals with radioactivity in general, activity of tritium, with regard to operation of nuclear plants, over the world and, especially, in the Czech Republic. The actual work consisted of collection of samples at predetermined places, preparation of these samples for measurement and measurement of tritium activity using scintillation spectrometer with liquid scintillator. Furthermore, basic chemical and physical properties of water, concentration of selected elements and also some anions were determined. The collected data were used for classification of waters from individual collection places into quality classes according to ČSN 75 7221. In all analyzed cases no activities were found which exceeded the limit values of liquid outlets from Temelín Nuclear Power Plant, given by regulations issued on waters by the District Health Office in Ceske Budejovice according to §8 of Act No. 138/73 Coll., in compliance with SÚJB requirements. This Thesis could be beneficial for possible utilization of VTOOV as a control alerting system for nonstandard events in JETE and also for assessment of impact of wastewaters from JETE on waters of the Vltava River.

The task of this master´s thesis is to write a theory of radiation sensing, describe the function of GPS and design the measuring system which can measure the radioactive background and these values assigned to the current GPS coordinates.

In the years 2014-2015 a radiohydrogeochemical survey was carried out in the Tanvald granite body. Tanvald granite is a two-mica granite body located on the southern edge of the Krkonoše-Jizera Pluton, in the Lusatian part of the Saxony and Thuringian zone of the Variscan orogenic belt. The aim of the survey was to find radioactive water, the 222 Rn volume activity of which exceeds 1500 Bq/l. Such water is - under the Act no. 164/2001 Coll. - considered as radioactive mineral water. The result was a found of 20 water sources meeting this condition and many other sources approaching this value. In terms of the findings, the most important area is Dlouhý Most, where 8 of the radioactive water resources exceeding 1500 Bq/l were found. The most important of these is probably the source TGR/11 with the 222 Rn volume activity 2449 Bq/l. A cluster of water sources with a slightly higher conductivity (exceeding 300 µS/cm) appears in the Dlouhý Most area. Chemical analysis of the most important of them (TG1/15) showed that it is water of the Na-Ca-Cl type, probably contaminated by a run-off from the motorway, which is salted in winter. Another important site is the Kokonín fault area. At this important geological structure a total of four springs of radioactive water with the 222 Rn volume activity greater...

Radiohydrochemical exploration took place in east part of the "smrčinský" pluton between "Skalná-Plesná-Bad Brambach in years 2016-2018. The main aim of the exploration was location and thorough research of possible occurrence of waters with radioactive concretation higher than 1500 Bq/l. That is a value for radioactive mineral waters given by the "lázeňským" law number 164/2001 Sb. Most important area is Plesná-south where was discovered several springs with values exceeding 5000 Bq/l. Eminent spring is called "Břetislav-Radonka" and lies one kilometre southwest from the train station Plesná-Šneky with an activity of about 12.5 kBq / l 222 Rn and a flow rate of about 2.5 l / min. It is the most active surface discharge of radon mineral water in the Czech Republic Another significant source area is north of Skalna - north. These springs were discovered almost 60 years ago, Dr. Marie Zukriegelová. The main source of this area was named after its discoverer - the "Marie Z" spring with an activity of 5800 Bq / l 222 Rn.Further the research focused on historical radioactive conduit which were used to supply village Skalné with water. The conduit was separated on two "branches" and the younger one was built ten years after the first one. In both pipes were found radioactive waters and the most important...

This master's degree thesis, called Nuclear Chemistry and Chemistry of f-Elements in Chemistry Curriculum at Secondary Schools, conducts a research of the most commonly used high school textbooks. Within the textbook research, topics such as atomic nucleus composition, radioactivity, and f-elements were studied in order to evaluate to what extent contemporary textbooks meet to the curriculum requirements. Based on the textbook research, the new teaching texts, materials, and teaching tasks including the uncovered themes were created. Selected teaching tasks were evaluated by high school teachers. Within this pool, the teachers also answered questions concerning teaching topics of radioactivity and chemistry of f-elements at high schools. The same tasks were solved and evaluated by high school students as well. The results of both teacher and student surveys were used for the final modification of the tasks.

In the thesis I focus on evaluation of the effect of familiar occurrence of cancer on presence and number of micro-nuclei in blood preparations with particular groups of persons. One of the biodosimetry methods, test for presence, number and kind of micro-nuclei, was used. I was not investigating the dosages as such and connection of the number of micro-nuclei with the dose, however, I followed up the effect of potentially influencing side factor on presence and number of micro-nuclei, which is the familiar occurrence of tumour. As a lot of information about ionizing radiation, its sources, radioactivity, radio-biologically important quantities, mechanisms of effects, molecular and cellular changes and biodosimetric methods as such falls under the topic, the theoretical part of diploma project is dedicated to such information. In the practical part, evaluation of the number and kind of micro-nuclei with set groups of persons is carried out. These groups of persons are particularly exposed to ? radiation. They are employees of spa Lázně Jáchymov, former miners from already closed uranium mines in Příbram and current miners from uranium mines GEAM o. z. Dolní Rožínka. These selected persons are divided according to their workplaces into two groups, i.e. a group of persons without cancer occurrence in the family and a group of persons with occurrence of cancer in their families. The numbers of bi-nuclei cells without micro-nuclei and with micro-nuclei and the kinds of micro-nuclei were determined with all these persons using fluorescence microscope. Expression and comparison of percentages of bi-nuclei cells with micro-nuclei to total number of all bi-nuclei followed and then expression and comparison of proportion of micro-nuclei without centromeres to the number of micro-nuclei of both kinds (with centromeres and without centromeres) with all persons and groups were carried out. Based on the results gained from statistical assessment, it was found that differences between percentages of the two main compared groups of persons did not show higher genomic instability (statistically significant difference) in persons with familiar occurrence of cancer than in persons without cancer in the family. But by comparing the shares of micronuclei without centromeres was proved statistically significant difference between these main groups.

This Thesis deals with the option of employing the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic (ACR) when a radiation emergency is imminent. Primarily, it focuses on evaluation of selected devices designed for radiation reconnaissance; summarising of radiation protection related legislation; and study of approved procedures. At its beginning, this Thesis tracks the origin of early detection systems at the territory of the then Czechoslovak Socialist Republic and their gradual evolution into the the existing form. From the radiation emergency point of view, this nationwide system represents a priceless help for monitoring of radioactive contamination dispersion and for warning. The following part sums up basic information on what is an ionizing radiation, how it comes into being and which basic quantities describe it. This part also contains basic type distinction, description of consequences for human organism and the most significant interactions of sources of ionizing radiation that could be misused with the most probability. This specific topic is introduced here because of the subsequent part of this Thesis being named Radiological Dispersion Device, or the dirty bomb. The significant part of this Thesis is the summary and classification of related legislation. The first documents referred to are two international standards. Publication 103 the 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection is dealing, inter alia, with dosing limits determining dose levels in planned exposure situations and reference levels used for emergency exposure situations and existing exposure situations. Publication 96 Protecting People against Radiation Exposure in the Event of a Radiological Attack is more substantial for this Thesis since it partly copes with the protection of front-line units including Integrated Rescue System (IRS) components and it specifies maximum exposure time for intervening personnel. Based on the IRS Catalogue of Typical Activities (STC 01/IZS), Materialised and Verified Use of a Radiological Weapon, the ACR would be one of the intervening components in such an attack. This Thesis analyses in detail individual ACR procedures starting with activities before employment, through threat prevention, event reaction to post-event activities like decontamination followed by monitoring of personnel contamination and their health condition. The practical part deals mainly with one of the Thesis´s goals which was evaluation of selected dosimetric devices used by the military for radiation reconnaissance. For this purpose, the quantitative research processing their main parameters was applied. The analysis within a selected sample was used for comparing and the sumary index IVi then showed the status of device applicability for contemporary use in radiation emergency. The pre-defined goals of this Thesis have been met implementing the above methods. The comparison of individual devices and their evaluation in respect to their applicability in joint radiation emergency operation with other IRS components has been carried out via discussion. It has been found out that some of the devices are obsolete and do not comply with the requirements for this job. This fact reflects the reality that these devices were designed in the period of a potential nuclear war. This corresponds with their robust structure and high level of sensitivity which is not desirable for a radiation emergency. The most severe problem, however, seems to be the fact that some devices measure quantities in old, no more used, units which could cause misinterpretation. On the other hand, other devices are modern, sensitive at low levels of dose input and offer real-time information on a well organised LCD display. To answer the question of ACR´s readiness to intervene in a radiation emergency one has to say that the ACR is ready to meet its rescue and consequence management tasks at a satisfactory level.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyse health and safety system in department of nuclear medicine in Kolín hospital and evaluate its compliance with czech legislation. The thesis is compsed of four chapters. Chapter One gives a general introduction to health and safety issues and describes most important aspect of general health and safety legislation. Chapter Two explains the basic terms of ionizing radiation and radioactivity and focuses mainly on radiation protection, which is closely linked to the health and safety area. Chapter Three defines the legislative and institutional framework of health and safety in the area of ionizing radiation. This chapter is a starting point for Chapter Four, which analyzes the health and safety system in department of nuclear medicine in Kolín hospital, compares it with legislation requirements and evaluates the compliance.

Radon Study of a Sample of Chosen Municipalities of South Bohemia - Measurment, Results Analysis and Inhabitants´ Perception of Risk The topic of my diploma thesis is radon study of a sample of chosen municipalities of South Bohemia - measurment, results analysis and inhabitants´ perception of risk. Czech inhabitants anxiety about radioactivity is usually focused on artificial sources of radiation, mainly on nuclear radiation. However, most of the irradiation of people is caused by natural radiation, espacially by radon. Within my diploma thesis I distributed 100 of detectors to measure volume activity of radon. After about six months I collected data to be processed. During the time of measuring I got know lots of people and I used the possibility to talk to them. That is why one of the aims of my thesis was to assess reaction of people to radon, to values of radon measured in their houses, people´s fears or indolence. I also tried to make the problem of radon easier to larger amount of inhabitants and I tried to make them understand this problem. I intended to inform people about results of radon radiation on human body. Main goal of my diploma thesis was to process data of volume activity of radon which were measured in the premises, to compare these data with the radon index of subsoil and to set a relation between volume activity of radon and other parameters as the age of the premises, contact with subsoil, tightness of windows, construction material used, and water source.

This diploma thesis deals with radioactivity research, types of radioactive radiation and radiation detection. There are described types of ionization radiation detectors. The diploma thesis contains the description and principle of the GPS system function. The content is also a proposal with the subsequent realization of a detection device allowing the recording of geolocation. The resulting device is fully mobile with battery status indication. The results are recorded on the SD card.