In the thesis, we developed and studied a novel polymer delivery system for the DNA-intercalator bearing radioisotope iodine-125. Auger electrons emitting radioisotopes (such as iodine-125 or indium-111) are a potentially effective cancer treatment. Their use as an effective cancer therapy requires that they will be transported within close proximity of DNA, where they induce double-strand breaks leading to the cell death. This type of therapy may be even more beneficial when associated with drug delivery systems. The DNA intercalators proved to be effective carriers for the delivery of Auger electron emitters into DNA. Therefore, the new radioiodinated DNA-intercalating ellipticinium derivatives were synthesized and characterized. These compounds were linked to N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide copolymer with narrow molecular weight distribution via acid-sensitive hydrazone linker. The structure of the linker plays a crucial role in the biological effectivity of the delivery system, so it was optimized to be stable at pH 7.4 (representing the pH of blood plasma), whereas in slightly acidic pH in endosomes after the cell internalization, the radioiodine-containing biologically active intercalator is rapidly released from its polymer carrier. The intercalating ability of the active compound was...

Radiodiagnostics is a relatively young field of medicine the objective of which is imaging of anatomic structures and physiological and pathological processes in order to determine diagnoses or prognoses of diseases. For this purpose radiodiagnostics uses ionizing radiation with both its positive and negative effects. The effects are demonstrated also in healthy cells and healthy tissues of the human organism. A radiation protection system therefore establishes, among other things, limit doses to which individuals working with ionizing radiation may be exposed while performing their jobs. The received doses are kept under control by means of a dosimetric system. Essentially, there are two types of dosimeters: passive and active, i.e. electronic. The purpose of this thesis is to compare results from personal film dosimeters with results obtained from electronic dosimeters DMC 2000 XB made by Merlin Gerin and to determine whether electronic dosimeters are suitable for radiodiagnostics and whether they can replace film dosimeters. I performed the measurements at the radiodiagnostics ward of the hospital Nemocnice Sušice, o.p.s. X-ray assistants in the ward are routinely equipped with personal film dosimeters. In addition to their film dosimeters, they were given personal electronic dosimeters for a period of seven months. They were wearing both types of the dosimeters in compliance with the Decree issued by the State Office for Nuclear Safety (SÚJB) No. 307/2002 Coll., as amended, at the reference place, i.e. on the left upper part of the chest on their clothing. Measurements were conducted on five X-ray assistants and one additional personal electronic dosimeter was used to measure the natural background. I have used results from electronic personal dosimeters to evaluate the collective dose of all workers in the individual months, the total collective dose and the sum of dose equivalents in all months for the individual workers. The collective dose from dose equivalents Hp(10) was stable most of the time and in November and December it was slightly higher. This was due to a higher frequency of surgeries which required presence of an assistant with an X-ray device in the operating room. The highest sum of dose equivalents Hp(10) was found for the worker No. 1 due to his more frequent presence in the operating room. Although the X-ray workers take turns at the workplace regularly they perform their tasks at random. I can definitely exclude that the worker No. 1 was in any way different from the other workers - when it comes to radiation protection all X-ray assistants observe the same principles of radiation protection. For better understanding the thesis also includes information about working activities performed by X-ray assistants. Despite the fact that the measurements using electronic dosimeters several times indicated monthly values of personal dose equivalent Hp(10) higher than 0.1 mSv, the evaluation of the respective film dosimeters from the same period of time indicated values lower than 0.1 mSv or lower than 0.05 mSv. Subsequent investigations have shown that CSOD, s.r.o. is capable of measuring values = 0.01 mSv. The discrepancy between the measured results therefore does not come from the evaluation but from a lower sensitivity of the film dosimeter. The thesis also includes evaluation of advantages and disadvantages of both the types of personal dosimeters. Based on results of the measurements, evaluation of advantages and disadvantages of the two types of personal dosimeters and based on working activities of X-ray assistants I can conclude that the personal electronic dosimeter DMC 2000 XB made by Merlin Gerin is suitable for activities at the radiodiagnostics ward and that it may fully replace the film dosimeter.

1 CHARLES UNIVERSITY FAKULTY OF PHARMACY IN HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ DEPARTMENT OF BIOPHYSICS AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY DISSERTATION THESIS RADIOLABELED ANTIBODIES - THE PERSPECTIVE FOR DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY Supervizor: Mgr. PAVEL BÁRTA, Ph.D. HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ, 2017 Bc. JANA MEJTSKÁ 2 ABSTRACT EN Different types of tissues have a characteristic cell morphology. Each cell has typical molecules on its surface, which may be either of physiological or pathological type. The presence of these surface structures can be interesting for possible modulation of specific cell populations from neighboring cells. Utilization of this property is then essential particularly in a case of tumor cells. Targeting on tumor specific cell structures involves the use of receptor specific peptides or monoclonal antibodies. The discovery of the preparation of monoclonal antibodies has opened a new chapter in the treatment and diagnosis not only tumor diseases. The advantage of monoclonal antibodies is their specificity and also high affinity to the type of the target cell structures. This study is focused on the summary of monoclonal antibodies which are currently being applied on the treatment or diagnosis of a particular cancer. Furthermore, this work also includes antibodies which are under development for intended medical applications with...

The thesis derives from the needs of institutions using sources of ionizing radiation to implement a new legislative regarding nuclear law, effective since 1st January 2017. The thesis is focused on radiological events at radiological institutions of chosen healthcare facilities. The theoretical part makes the reader familiar with the term "radiological event", generally elaborates on the field of diagnostic radiography and radiation protection. The practical part of the thesis deals with evaluation of the most occurring causes and the frequency of radiological events, obtained from the records of medical irradiation, even of wrongly carried out exposures in chosen diagnostic radiography institutions and wrongly sorted radiological events to a relevant category. To fulfil all the goals of the master thesis and to apply the results of the work in practice, also the contents of following document were evaluated - "Evaluation of the means of radiation protection", which every holder of permission to work with ionizing radiation has to submit to the SŮJB yearly, till 30th April, with the data from the previous year. This rule is valid since the new nuclear law was adopted. The results of this thesis served the chosen institution to create such report till 30th April 2019, with a broader extent of the analysis and evaluation than last year. The maximal detail of the report about causes and frequency of radiological events and mapping the real situation at the facilities serves also to the State Office for Nuclear Safety (SONS) to create a Recommendation of the SONS regarding the radiological events. Equally, the thesis was beneficial to the observed facilities, to realise the causes and frequency of radiological events in individual years. It is then up to an individual institution and to the employee supervising the radiation protection, to evaluate the consequences of the found causes, for example to point them out within a yearly training of radiation employees, and to consistently see to the compliance of all preventive measures, which proposal and implementation also belongs to the main tasks of the supervisor.