Au départ, j’ai développé un code d’inversion en se basant sur l’exemple donné au laboratoire. Ensuite, j’ai eu l’opportunité de l’appliquer en participant à la campagne de mesure in situ StratoScience 2015 au Canada. Durant cette campagne, on a aussi réalisé quelques comparaisons de l’Amulse avec d’autres instruments de mesure de CH4 et CO2 (PicoSDLA, Picarro, AirCore). Ce fut une expérience très enrichissante ainsi qu’un premier test pour l’Amulse. A partir des résultats de ce premier vol, on constate qu’il y a encore des améliorations à apporter, que ce soit au niveau instrumental qu’au niveau d’inversion. Sur le plan instrumental, on fait quelques interventions au niveau de l’intelligence de l’instrument (acquisition et stockage) et son optique, d’une part, d’autre part le code d’inversion a besoin de certaines modifications qui englobent la ligne de base et la détermination de la raie spectrale. Pour ce fait, j’essaye d’appliquer plusieurs méthodes pour obtenir un bon fit et par conséquent une bonne concentration. Concernant les travaux en cours, j’essaye toujours d’améliorer mon code d’inversion pour avoir un meilleur profil vertical, qui va être utilisé par la suite dans ma publication sur la mesure du méthane. Dans le cadre de la rédaction de la publication, j’ai fait une première calibration au laboratoire du senseur laser Amulse CH4 en attendant la deuxième. En outre, je développe un autre code d’inversion pour le projet Strateole 2 qui va durer 2 mois. J’interviens aussi au niveau de l’inversion des données de la calibration du nouveau senseur laser bi gaz APOGEE (CH4 et CO2), qui est prévue pour le mois de juin à Toulouse. Dernièrement, j’ai participé au congrès EGU à Vienne et dans un avenir proche, je vais participer à la campagne de Kiruna avec PicoSDLA, Amulse et APOGEE. / In the first place, I developed a code based on the example given in the laboratory. I had the opportunity to apply my program by participating in the in situ measurement campaign called StratoScience 2015, located in Canada. During this campaign, we also made some comparisons of Amulse with other CH4 and CO2 measurement instruments such as PicoSDLA, Picarro and AirCore. As matter of fact, it was a very rewarding experience and a first test for Amulse. From the results of this first flight, we decide to add some improvements on both sides: the instrumental and the process data part. Instrumentally, some changes has been required note only on the intelligence of the instrument including acquisition and storage but also on the optical part. Besides, the process data needs also some changes which include baseline and the determination of the spectral line. In fact, I try to apply several methods to get a good fit and therefore a good concentration. To this end, my current work is mainly focusing on improving my program for better vertical profile, because it will be used later in my publication on the measurement of methane. In the same context, I made a first calibration in the laboratory of Amulse CH4 laser sensor and preparing a second one. In addition, I developed another code for Stratéole 2 project which will last two months. I’ll also do the process data of the new dual laser sensor APOGEE (CH4 and CO2), which is scheduled for June in Toulouse. At last, I recently participate in the EGU congress in Vienna and in the near future, I will participate in a new campaign of in situ measurement in Kiruna with both sensors: PicoSDLA, and APOGEE Amulse.

Modification of land use/land cover in South Florida has posed a major challenge in the region’s eco-hydrology by shifting the surface-atmosphere water and energy balance. Although drainage and development in South Florida took place extensively between the mid- and late- 20th century, converting half of the original Everglades into agricultural and urban areas, urban expansion still accounts for a dominant mode of surface cover change in South Florida. Changes in surface cover directly affect the radiative, thermophysical and aerodynamic parameters which determine the absorption and partitioning of radiation into different components at the Earth surface. The alteration is responsible for changing the thermal structure of the surface and surface layer atmosphere, eventually modifying surface-induced convection. This dissertation is aimed at analyzing the extent and pattern of land cover change in South Florida and delineating the associated development of urban heat island (UHI), energy flux alteration, and convective rainfall modification using observed data, remotely sensed estimates, and modeled results. Urban land covers in South Florida are found to have increased by 10% from 1974 to 2011. Higher Landsat-derived land surface temperatures (LST) are observed in urban areas (LSTu-r =2.8°C) with satisfactory validation statistics for eastern stations (Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient =0.70 and R2 =0.79). Time series trends, significantly negative for diurnal temperature range (DTR= -1°C, p=0.005) and positive for lifting condensation level (LCL > 20m) reveal temporal and conspicuous urban-rural differences in nocturnal temperature (ΔTu-r = 4°C) shows spatial signatures of UHI. Spatially higher (urban: 3, forest: 0.14) and temporally increasing (urban: 1.67 to 3) Bowen’s ratios, and sensible heat fluxes exceeding net radiation in medium and high-intensity developed areas in 2010 reflect the effect of urbanization on surface energy balance. Radar reflectivity-derived surface-induced convective rainfall reveals significantly positive mean differences (thunderstorm cell density: 6/1000 km2and rain rate: 0.24 mm/hr/summer, p < 0.005) between urban and entire South Florida indicating convective enhancement by urban covers. The research fulfils its two-fold purposes: advancing the understanding of post-development hydrometeorology in South Florida and investigating the spatial and temporal impacts of land cover change on the microclimate of a subtropical city.