Dispersal influences several ecological and evolutionary processes, such as intraspecific competition, genetic drift and inbreeding. It can lead to phenotypic mismatch with the habitat when a locally adapted individual winds up in an environment with a divergent selection regime compared to the source habitat. The aim of this project was to compare dispersive traits in the freshwater isopod Asellus aquaticus from a cave habitat, with surface dwelling isopods collected upstream and downstream from the cave system. The subterranean stream (cave) represents a rare, geographically limited habitat which has a divergent selective pressure compared to the surrounding habitats. Experiments on dispersal were performed in the laboratory, in darkness with IR-equipment for visualization. Displacement was measured using one-dimensional test arenas. Compared to the surface phenotype, the cave phenotype was expected to have reduced fitness outside of the cave and unlikely to successfully disperse to new areas of similar suitable conditions. The results did not follow my main hypothesis that isopods from the cave would be less dispersive than individuals from the surface. The inconclusive results might derive from large variation in the data and divergent adaptations which yield similar expression of dispersal.

Aj Many different methods are used to protect nature. Recently, however, the Earth Remote Sensing (RS) methods have come to the fore. An indisputable advantage is the ability to apply acquired data from RS in the GIS environment and to combine them easily with other important data about studied areas. To evaluate the change in the status of grassland Natura 2000 habitats, a manual assessment of the change of vegetation cover from orthophoto maps was chosen. In the GIS tools were used to analyses the changes in cover of target habitats in selected administrative areas of four municipalities in the Šumava NP between years 2004 and 2015. Differences in the enlargement of the built-up areas of four studied municipalities as a whole and the losses of target habitats due to development activities were studied. The results are compared with the results of similar monitoring conducted in the Krkonoše NP. Key words: Management of protected areas, secondary grasslands, rare habitats, succession, biodiversity