The Real Property Tax requires a major outlay of funds by most property and non-property owners. Property owners are directly affected by the tax, in that they pay the taxes to the taxing authorities, while the non-property owners are indirectly affected as the property tax paid by the owners is reflected in the rents which the non-property owners pay. Because of the magnitude of the property tax as a proportion of the property owners net income or disposable income, the individuals right or obligation of an equal portion of the tax burden should be upheld. The portion of the total tax burden for which a property taxpayer is responsible, is determined by the "actual value" of his real property, subject to legislative exemptions and reliefs. To ascertain the degree of the equality of the tax burden a sample of 1632 properties was obtained consisting of seven different land uses from eight-municipalities located within the Greater Vancouver area. For each property in the sample the adjusted selling price, assessed value of land and improvements for municipal and school purposes, and the net taxes payable were obtained. To furnish the reader with some insight as to the causes of possible tax inequalities between municipalities, land uses, or price categories within municipalities, calculations measuring the degree of assessment uniformity and equality were executed. The findings of this thesis give evidence that the tax burden between municipalities, land uses and price categories within municipalities are not equally distributed as the concept of equality was defined. Further, it was discovered that these inequalities were, in part, due to the occurrance of unacceptable levels of assessment inequality and ununiformity. / Business, Sauder School of / Graduate

Recent studies of the valuation of real estate have concentrated on the use of hedonic pricing techniques in which the implicit prices of the component characteristics of an asset are inferred from the observed sale price using regression analysis. All of these studies include as explanatory variables one or more locational factors, such as distance to the central business district, as proxies for the effect that location has on the utility of land. In this research, the explicit consideration of the location of real estate in terms of the geographic or Cartesian coordinates (spatial attributes) of observed sales is shown to be a potential substitute for such proxies, either wholly or in part. Such use of spatial attributes could improve the usefulness of the hedonic methodology while at the same time significantly reducing cost and eliminating sources of error.

No description available.

published_or_final_version / abstract / Real Estate and Construction / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

RÉSUMÉ This master's thesis examines the legal institute of "Expropriation of Real Property", i.e. severe interference with the inalienable absolute right to own property, which is guaranteed by the Constitution of the Czech Republic as well as the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. This thesis concentrates on the basic principles of the institute of "Expropriation", the current legal framework, its comparison to earlier institutes and to the institutes implemented in various EU member states; it also examines current and past court cases and analyses court rulings of all levels of jurisdiction dealing with the subject of "Expropriation". This thesis also comments on the current legal framework, indicates its potential problems and attempts to find a solution taking into account that there is hardly any literature covering the current legal framework and that there have not been many court rulings dealing with this subject in contemporary Czech history, which on the other hand gives enough space for the reasoning of the respective authors covering the given subject. Moreover, given the lack of the aforementioned sources, it is difficult to grasp the subject and come to grips with it properly. This offers a whole range of possible interpretations and differing...

by Tsui Cho Man. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-65). / APPROVAL --- p.ii / ABSTRACT --- p.iii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iv / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.v / Chapter 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Objective --- p.1 / Methodology --- p.2 / Chapter 2. --- BACKGROUND OF THE TWO LEGAL SYSTEMS AND SOURCES OF LAW --- p.3 / Development of the PRC Legal System --- p.3 / Sources of Law in PRC --- p.5 / The Hong Kong Legal System --- p.6 / Sources of Law in Hong Kong --- p.7 / Chapter 3 . --- CONTRACT LAW --- p.9 / Introduction to English Contract Law --- p.9 / Contract Law in PRC --- p.10 / Sources of Contract Law in PRC --- p.11 / Foreign Economic Contracts --- p.12 / The basic principles of foreign economic contracts --- p.14 / The basic elements of foreign economic contracts --- p.15 / Differences between domestic and foreign economic contract law --- p.16 / Comparison of English and PRC Contract Law --- p.18 / Offer and Acceptance --- p.18 / Invitation to treat --- p.18 / Revocation of offer --- p.19 / Acceptance by post --- p.19 / Capacity --- p.20 / Terms of Contract --- p.22 / Formalities and the parol evidence rule --- p.23 / Consideration --- p.24 / Sufficiency of consideration --- p.25 / Adequacy of consideration --- p.25 / Existing public duty --- p.26 / Existing contractual duty --- p.26 / Existing contractual duty owed to third party --- p.26 / Duress and Undue Influence --- p.27 / Illegal and Void Contracts --- p.29 / Discharge of Contract --- p.31 / Discharge of foreign economic contracts --- p.31 / Discharge of domestic economic contracts --- p.32 / Frustration and force majeure --- p.33 / Discharge by agreement --- p.35 / Remedies --- p.36 / Remedies of foreign economic contract --- p.36 / Remedies of domestic economic contract --- p.37 / Liquidated damages and penalty --- p.39 / Damages --- p.39 / Mitigation of loss --- p.41 / Contributory negligence --- p.41 / Chapter 4. --- PROPERTY LAW --- p.42 / Classification of Properties --- p.43 / Law of Property Act 1925 --- p.45 / Hong Kong Property Law --- p.46 / Ownership and Possession of Property --- p.47 / Acquisition of Ownership --- p.49 / Ownership of Land --- p.51 / Ownership of Building --- p.54 / Protection of Property Interest --- p.54 / Transfer of Ownership --- p.56 / Co´ؤownership --- p.58 / Chapter 5. --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.61 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.64

Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-101)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

Thesis (M.U.D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves.