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ITC/USA 2006 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Second Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 23-26, 2006 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California / The IRIG 106 Chapter 10 Standard has evolved significantly since its inception. This paper covers the background, technology, status, users, supporting vendors and future considerations such as ground-based recording and archiving. Also covered are samples of toolsets available for troubleshooting, validation, data processing and display of Chapter 10 data

ITC/USA 2006 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Second Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 23-26, 2006 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California / The transition of PCM recording from analog to digital recorders was completed at many test ranges more than a decade ago as marked by delivery of data on S-VHS tape, CD-ROM, DVD, ZIP disc, JAZ disc, 8mm tape and DLT tape for low rate data and D-1 cassettes for high rate data. Data then quickly began distribution via the internet and other networks. Analog recorders have remained a necessary legacy for the long transition to convert from analog to digital (PCM) data transmission from the test vehicles. However, the new digital recorder capabilities have removed this requirement to convert the transmissions from the test vehicle. Analog signal and predetection recording on digital recorders has been successfully demonstrated at costs below the existing analog recorders. Application of new techniques in a methodical transition program to the new digital recorders has proven the many benefits of recording wider bandwidths with excellent repeatability. Repeatability issues are primarily in the very low error sources of the processing system because the major analog error sources of the analog tape recorders, analog time code readers, analog demodulators, etc have been greatly reduced. This paper provides test results of recording higher signal rates and bandwidths of the new programs and describes the techniques and implementation through procedures of the Western Range transition from analog to digital recorders. Surprising results show predetection and analog signal recording costs are nearly the same as PCM recording costs due to the price of deliverable media with respect to mission recording requirements.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1992 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California / In recent years, many designers have turned to digital techniques as a means of improving the fidelity of instrumentation data recorders. However, single and multi-channel recorders based on professional VHS transports are now available which use innovative methods for achieving near-perfect timebase accuracy, inter-channel timing and group delay specifications for long-duration wideband analog recording applications. This paper discusses some of the interesting technical problems involved and demonstrates that VHS cassette recorders are now a convenient and low cost proposition for high precision multi-channel wideband data recording.

黃志偉. / 手稿本影印本. / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學傳播學部, 1991. / Shou gao ben ying yin ben. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves i-iv). / Huang Zhiwei. / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue Chuan bo xue bu, 1991. / Chapter 壹 --- 導　論 --- p.1 / Chapter 貳 --- 文獻參閱 --- p.11 / Chapter (一) --- MISC´ؤ小國音樂工業研究計劃 --- p.11 / Chapter (二) --- 媒介帝國主義 --- p.33 / Chapter (三) --- 跨國公司 --- p.41 / Chapter (四) --- 其他有關文獻 --- p.54 / Chapter 参 --- 研究方法 --- p.66 / Chapter (一) --- 研究目的 --- p.66 / Chapter (二) --- 基本概念 --- p.73 / Chapter (三) --- 研究方法 --- p.80 / Chapter 肆 --- 歐美流行音樂與五大國際唱片集團 --- p.99 / Chapter (一) --- 歐、美流行音樂發展概況 --- p.101 / Chapter (二) --- 五大唱片集團壟斷下之國際唱片業 --- p.115 / Chapter 伍 --- 跨國唱片公司的發展、業績及組織結構 --- p.131 / Chapter (一) --- 五大跨國唱片公司在香港之發展 --- p.131 / Chapter (二) --- 跨國唱片公司的組織結構及其輸入外國流行音樂信息之模式 --- p.158 / Chapter (三) --- 五大跨國唱片公司壟斷下之粤語流行樂壇 --- p.183 / Chapter (四) --- 跨國唱片公司組織結構對粤語流行曲改編歌曲之影響 --- p.202 / Chapter 陸 --- 香港粤語流行曲的外來成份 --- p.216 / Chapter (一) --- 五、六十年代作品分析 --- p.228 / Chapter (二) --- 七、八十年代作品分析 --- p.248 / Chapter 柒 --- 總結 --- p.271 / Chapter (一) --- 研究成果摘要 --- p.271 / Chapter (二) --- MISC　互動模型的分析結果 --- p.285 / Chapter (三) --- 討論 --- p.305 / 參考書目 --- p.i / Chapter 附錄 --- 附件(一)：香港電台中文歌曲龍虎榜 一九七七年至八九年 每周榜首歌曲名單 --- p.v / 附件(二)：歷屆十大中文金曲入選作品（1978-1989） --- p.xii / 附件(三)：個人訪問之基本問題(1)´ؤ作曲家、樂評人、電台工作者 --- p.xviii / 附件(四)：個人訪問之基本問題(2)´ؤ跨國唱片公司國際部行政人員 --- p.xx

abstract: Intracellular voltage recordings from single neurons in vitro and in vivo have been fundamental to our understanding of neuronal function. Conventional electrodes and associated positioning systems for intracellular recording in vivo are large and bulky, which has largely restricted their use to single-channel recording from anesthetized animals. Further, intracellular recordings are very cumbersome, requiring a high degree of skill not readily achieved in a typical laboratory. This dissertation presents a robotic, head-mountable, MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) based intracellular recording system to overcome the above limitations associated with form-factor, scalability and highly skilled and tedious manual operations required for intracellular recordings. This system combines three distinct technologies: 1) novel microscale, polycrystalline silicon-based electrode for intracellular recording, 2) electrothermal microactuators for precise microscale navigation of the electrode and 3) closed-loop control algorithm for autonomous movement and positioning of electrode inside single neurons. First, two distinct designs of polysilicon-based microscale electrodes were fabricated and tested for intracellular recordings. In the first approach, tips of polysilicon microelectrodes were milled to nanoscale dimensions (<300 nm) using focused ion beam (FIB) to develop polysilicon nanoelectrodes. Polysilicon nanoelectrodes recorded >1.5 mV amplitude, positive-going action potentials and synaptic potentials from neurons in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia Californica. In the second approach, polysilicon microelectrodes were integrated with miniaturized glass micropipettes filled with electrolyte to fabricate glass-polysilicon microelectrodes. These electrodes consistently recorded high fidelity intracellular potentials from neurons in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia Californica (Resting Potentials < -35 mV, Action Potentials > 60 mV) as well as the rat motor cortex (Resting Potentials < -50 mV). Next, glass-polysilicon microelectrodes were coupled with microscale electrothermal actuators and controller for autonomous intracellular recordings from single neurons in the abdominal ganglion. Consistent resting potentials (< -35 mV) and action potentials (> 60 mV) were recorded after each successful penetration attempt with the controller and microactuated glass-polysilicon microelectrodes. The success rate of penetration and quality of recordings achieved using electrothermal microactuators were comparable to that of conventional positioning systems. Finally, the feasibility of this miniaturized system to obtain intracellular recordings from single neurons in the motor cortex of rats in vivo is also demonstrated. The MEMS-based system offers significant advantages: 1) reduction in overall size for potential use in behaving animals, 2) scalable approach to potentially realize multi-channel recordings and 3) a viable method to fully automate measurement of intracellular recordings. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Biomedical Engineering 2018

The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies that well-established home recording studio owners in a city in the southeastern United States have used to compete in the recording industry. Four home recording studio owners served as participants. Each participant owned and operated a home studio business in the target area for longer than 10 years. Porter's 5 competitive forces model and Christensen's disruptive innovation theory were the conceptual lenses for this study. Interviews, direct observations, and website documents were the 3 data collection sources used to achieve methodological triangulation. The data were analyzed using Yin's 5-step thematic approach to qualitative data analysis: compiling, disassembling, reassembling, interpreting, and concluding. Four themes emerged from the analysis of the data: doing business and making money with friends, keeping the family safe and the studio secure, decoupling the clock from the creative process, and linking strategy to personal goals. The findings of this study may contribute to positive social change by economically empowering aspiring entrepreneurs to become small business owners and create new jobs that help strengthen their local economies.

The in-vivo observation of the neural activities generated by a large number of closely located neurons is believed to be crucial for understanding the nervous system. Moreover, the functional electrical stimulation of the central nervous system is an effective method to restore physiological functions such as limb control, sound sensation, and light perception. The Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is being successfully used in the treatment of tremor and rigidity associated with advanced Parkinson's disease. Cochlear implants have also been employed as an effective treatment for sensorineural deafness by means of delivering the electrical stimulation directly to the auditory nerve. The most significant contribution of this PhD study is the development of next-generation microprobes for the simultaneous stimulation and recording of the cortex and deep brain structures. For intracortical applications, millimetre length multisite microprobes that are rigid enough to penetrate into the cortex while integrated with flexible interconnection cables are demanded. In chronic applications, the flexibility of the cable minimizes the tissue damage caused by the relative micro-motion between the brain and the microprobe. Although hybrid approaches have been reported to construct such neural microprobes, these devices are brittle and may impose severe complications if they break inside the tissue. In this project, MEMS fabrication processes were employed to produce non-breakable intracortical microprobes with an improved structural design. These 32 channel devices are integrated with flexible interconnection cables and provide enough mechanical strength for penetration into the tissue. Polyimide-based flexible implants were successfully fabricated and locally reinforced at the tip with embedded 15 µm-thick gold micro-needles. In DBS applications, centimetre long microprobes capable of stimulating and recording the neural activity are required. The currently available DBS probes, manufactured by Medtronic, provide only four cylindrical shaped electrode sites, each 1.5 mm in height and 1.27 mm in diameter. Although suitable for the stimulation of a large brain volume, to measure the activity of a single neuron but to avoid measuring the average response of adjacent cells, recording sites with dimensions in the range of 10 - 20 µm are required. In this work, novel Three Dimensional (3D) multi channel microprobes were fabricated offering 32 independent stimulation and recording electrodes around the shaft of the implant. These microprobes can control the spatial distribution of the charge injected into the tissue to enhance the efficacy and minimize the adverse effects of the DBS treatment. Furthermore, the device volume has been reduced to one third the volume of a conventional Medtronic DBS lead to significantly decrease the tissue damage induced by implantation of the microprobe. For both DBS and intracortical microprobes, the impedance characteristics of the electrodes were studied in acidic and saline solutions. To reduce the channel impedance and enhance the signal to noise ratio, iridium (Ir) was electroplated on gold electrode sites. Stable electrical characteristics were demonstrated for the Ir and gold electrodes over the course of a prolonged pulse stress test for 100 million cycles. The functionality and application potential of the fabricated microprobes were confirmed by the in-vitro measurements of the neural activity in the mouse hippocampus. In order to reduce the number of channels and simplify the signal processing circuitry, multiport electrostatic-actuated switch matrices were successfully developed, fabricated, and characterized for possible integration with neural microprobes to construct a site selection matrix. Magnetic-actuated switches have been also investigated to improve the operation reliability of the MEMS switching devices.

Thesis (M.B.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1981.