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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

The Comparison of Airway Responses of Normal Horses Fed Round Bale versus Square Bale Hay

Larson, Jennifer Lynn 25 July 2012 (has links)
Background – Feeding horses round bale hay (RBH) has been associated with airway inflammation. The purpose of this study was to determine if horses fed RBH for a 6-week period demonstrated more evidence of airway inflammation than horses fed square bale hay (SBH) of comparable quality. Hypothesis - The respiratory health of horses fed RBH will not differ from horses fed SBH of comparable quality. Animals – Two feeding groups of 15 healthy horses (mixed ages, breeds) from the University riding program. Methods – This was a prospective study performed during fall of 2009. At the beginning and end of a 6- week feeding trial, horses were examined (physical, upper airway endoscopic) and samples (tracheal aspirate (TA), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)) collected for cytology and/or bacterial/fungal culture. Hay was analyzed for nutritional value and bacterial/fungal content. Results – Horses fed RBH demonstrated an increase in pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia (p=0.0143) and percentage neutrophils (p=0.0078) in the TA samples post-feeding as compared to pre-feeding values. Nutritional analysis of hay and measurements of bacterial/fungal load did not differ over time and/or between hay types. Conclusions and clinical importance – The identification of airway inflammation in the horses fed RBH indicates that factors associated with the manner in which the hay is fed and consumed contribute to the development of subclinical airway inflammation. RBH affords horses continuous daily exposure to hay and as horses bury their muzzles in the bale, exposure to particulate matter is likely increased. These factors may partially explain the response in horses fed RBH. Further studies are required to confirm these predictions. / Master of Science
12

Comparative efficacy of three common treatments for equine recurrent airway obstruction

Lee, Laura Caryn 17 August 2009 (has links)
Objective - evaluate horses with acute airway obstruction using three treatment regimens: tapering doses of dexamethasone (DEX), environmental modification (ENV), and a combination of both treatments (DEX + ENV) by analyzing clinical parameters, pulmonary function testing, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology and BALF cell expression of the cytokines IFN-? and IL-4 Animals - 6 horses with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) Procedures - Clinical examination, pulmonary function test, and collection of BALF prior to treatment and during 22 day treatment period Hypothesis - Alterations in clinical parameters, pulmonary function and airway inflammation in acute equine RAO will return to remission values by treating with DEX, ENV or DEX + ENV Results - All horses demonstrated clinical disease, reduced pulmonary dynamic compliance (Cdyn) and an increased maximum change in pleural pressures (?Pplmax) when in a challenge environment. All treatments improved clinical parameters, ?Pplmax and Cdyn. BALF cytology during an RAO crisis demonstrated neutrophilic inflammation. ENV or DEX + ENV resulted in a significant decrease in airway neutrophilia that was maintained throughout the treatment period. In contrast, treatment with DEX caused a reduction in airway neutrophilia initially followed by a rebound neutrophilia as the period between administrations of dexamethasone (0.05mg/kg) was increased to 72 hours. The rebound neutrophilia was not accompanied by equivalent deterioration in clinical parameters or pulmonary function. Conclusions - Environmental modification is important in the management of RAO horses. Treatment of clinical RAO with a decreasing dosage protocol of corticosteroids in the absence of environmental modification results in the persistence of airway inflammation without recrudescence of clinical disease. / Master of Science
13

Subepithelial collagen content in the peripheral airways of heaves-affected and control horses

Setlakwe, Emilie L. 04 1900 (has links)
Chez les patients asthmatiques, on retrouve un remodelage de la matrice extracellulaire des poumons, caractérisé par une augmentation du collagène ou fibrose de la couche sous-épithéliale des voies respiratoires. Le souffle, maladie inflammatoire chronique des voies respiratoires inférieures des chevaux matures, présente des similarités physiopathologiques avec l’asthme humain, incluant le remodelage. Ceci nous conduit à l’hypothèse que la fibrose de la couche sous-épithéliale pourrait être une composante des lésions pulmonaires chez les chevaux affectés, ce que notre étude avait pour objectif d’évaluer. Des biopsies pulmonaires périphériques réalisées par voie thoracoscopique ont été obtenues chez 5 chevaux témoins et 6 chevaux atteints du souffle, avant (T0) et après une stimulation antigénique de 30 jours avec du foin moisi et de la paille. Avant le début de l’étude, les sujets étaient en rémission clinique et ne démontraient aucun signe clinique de maladie. Un examen microscopique des échantillons prélevés a été réalisé après traitement au picrosirius-rouge, colorant spécifique des fibres de collagène. La surface du collagène de la couche sous-épithéliale a été mesurée et corrigée en fonction de la taille de la voie respiratoire en utilisant des techniques morphométriques standards. Les chevaux atteints de souffle ont une surface de collagène plus grande dans la couche sous-épithéliale (p<0.1) en comparaison avec les chevaux témoins. La fibrose de la couche sous-épithéliale demeure inchangée chez les chevaux malades après la stimulation antigénique de 30 jours. À T0, la fibrose de la couche sous-épithéliale est associée positivement aux variations maximales de pression pleurale et à la résistance pulmonaire chez les chevaux atteints de souffle. Les résultats de cette étude suggèrent qu’une fibrose de la couche sous-épithéliale est présente dans les voies respiratoires périphériques des chevaux atteints de souffle et contribue au déficit de fonction résiduel pulmonaire observé lors de rémission clinique. / Extracellular matrix remodelling is present in the human asthmatic lung, and is characterized by increased collagen or fibrosis of the subepithelial area of the airway. Heaves, a naturally occurring chronic lower airway inflammatory condition in horses shares aspects of pathophysiology with asthma, including features of airway remodelling. We thus hypothesize that airway fibrosis is a characteristic of remodelling in heaves. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of fibrosis in the subepithelial area of the peripheral airways of heaves-affected horses. Peripheral lung biopsies acquired under thoracoscopic guidance were obtained from 5 control and 6 heaves-affected horses, both before (T0) and after a 30 day antigenic challenge with mouldy hay and straw. Prior to the study, diseased horses were in clinical remission and exhibited no clinical signs of disease. Obtained samples were microscopically examined using picrosirius-red, a collagen specific histological staining technique. Collagen area in the subepithelial layer, e.g. the region between the airway smooth muscle and the epithelial layer was measured, and corrected for airway size using standard morphometric techniques. In comparison with controls, heaves-affected horses had an increased collagen content in the airway subepithelial area (p<0.1). No change in fibrosis of the subepithelial area was observed in diseased horses after the 30 day antigenic challenge. Peripheral airway subepithelial collagen at baseline was positively associated with maximal changes in transpulmonary pressure and pulmonary resistance in horses with heaves but not in controls. Results of this study indicate that fibrosis of the subepithelial area is present in the peripheral airways of heaves-affected horses, and may play a role in residual lung function deficits observed in diseased horses even while in clinical remission.
14

Subepithelial collagen content in the peripheral airways of heaves-affected and control horses

Setlakwe, Emilie L. 04 1900 (has links)
Chez les patients asthmatiques, on retrouve un remodelage de la matrice extracellulaire des poumons, caractérisé par une augmentation du collagène ou fibrose de la couche sous-épithéliale des voies respiratoires. Le souffle, maladie inflammatoire chronique des voies respiratoires inférieures des chevaux matures, présente des similarités physiopathologiques avec l’asthme humain, incluant le remodelage. Ceci nous conduit à l’hypothèse que la fibrose de la couche sous-épithéliale pourrait être une composante des lésions pulmonaires chez les chevaux affectés, ce que notre étude avait pour objectif d’évaluer. Des biopsies pulmonaires périphériques réalisées par voie thoracoscopique ont été obtenues chez 5 chevaux témoins et 6 chevaux atteints du souffle, avant (T0) et après une stimulation antigénique de 30 jours avec du foin moisi et de la paille. Avant le début de l’étude, les sujets étaient en rémission clinique et ne démontraient aucun signe clinique de maladie. Un examen microscopique des échantillons prélevés a été réalisé après traitement au picrosirius-rouge, colorant spécifique des fibres de collagène. La surface du collagène de la couche sous-épithéliale a été mesurée et corrigée en fonction de la taille de la voie respiratoire en utilisant des techniques morphométriques standards. Les chevaux atteints de souffle ont une surface de collagène plus grande dans la couche sous-épithéliale (p<0.1) en comparaison avec les chevaux témoins. La fibrose de la couche sous-épithéliale demeure inchangée chez les chevaux malades après la stimulation antigénique de 30 jours. À T0, la fibrose de la couche sous-épithéliale est associée positivement aux variations maximales de pression pleurale et à la résistance pulmonaire chez les chevaux atteints de souffle. Les résultats de cette étude suggèrent qu’une fibrose de la couche sous-épithéliale est présente dans les voies respiratoires périphériques des chevaux atteints de souffle et contribue au déficit de fonction résiduel pulmonaire observé lors de rémission clinique. / Extracellular matrix remodelling is present in the human asthmatic lung, and is characterized by increased collagen or fibrosis of the subepithelial area of the airway. Heaves, a naturally occurring chronic lower airway inflammatory condition in horses shares aspects of pathophysiology with asthma, including features of airway remodelling. We thus hypothesize that airway fibrosis is a characteristic of remodelling in heaves. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of fibrosis in the subepithelial area of the peripheral airways of heaves-affected horses. Peripheral lung biopsies acquired under thoracoscopic guidance were obtained from 5 control and 6 heaves-affected horses, both before (T0) and after a 30 day antigenic challenge with mouldy hay and straw. Prior to the study, diseased horses were in clinical remission and exhibited no clinical signs of disease. Obtained samples were microscopically examined using picrosirius-red, a collagen specific histological staining technique. Collagen area in the subepithelial layer, e.g. the region between the airway smooth muscle and the epithelial layer was measured, and corrected for airway size using standard morphometric techniques. In comparison with controls, heaves-affected horses had an increased collagen content in the airway subepithelial area (p<0.1). No change in fibrosis of the subepithelial area was observed in diseased horses after the 30 day antigenic challenge. Peripheral airway subepithelial collagen at baseline was positively associated with maximal changes in transpulmonary pressure and pulmonary resistance in horses with heaves but not in controls. Results of this study indicate that fibrosis of the subepithelial area is present in the peripheral airways of heaves-affected horses, and may play a role in residual lung function deficits observed in diseased horses even while in clinical remission.

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