Vaccination aims to prevent infectious disease, and is internationally acclaimed as a major contributor to public health. Although vaccines have many benefits, there are people who claim that they or their infant children have been injured, often permanently and severely, by the powerful biological agents introduced into their bodies by vaccination. The object of this thesis is to determine whether the law in England and Wales relating to vaccine damage is in need of reform. The answer to this question is determined by a moral and legal analysis of current vaccination policy and practice. The existing literature consists primarily of medical papers discussing the possibility of vaccine damage and legal discourses concerning compensation and consent to treatment. Detailed background information comes from in-depth semi-structured interviews with a consultant epidemiologist at the Public Health Laboratory Service and three organisers of Justice Awareness Basic Support (JABS), a vaccine information and support group. The main originality of the thesis is the information provided by approximately 360 responses to each of two surveys. Parents of pre-school children were surveyed about their experiences of, and views on, current vaccination policy and practice. Members of JABS who believe their children to be vaccine-damaged provided information about the vaccines which appear to have caused harm, as well as their experiences of, and views on, the legal routes to financial redress. The findings provide evidence of a dearth of reliable medical data about vaccine safety, and of some ethically unacceptable practices associated with infant vaccination. They also reveal that, theoretically and in the view of users, legal provision for the victims of vaccine damage in England and Wales is unsatisfactory. These factors combine to indicate that the law relating to compensation for vaccine damage is in need of reform. The thesis therefore concludes with suggestions for further research and some modifications to current law and policy. There should be a statutory scheme awarding compensatory, rather than token, payments to victims. Awards should be made subject to a generous test of causation, such as that which exists in respect of the US Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. Incentive payments to GPs should be discontinued, parents should be offered choices of vaccine, and vaccine promotional literature for healthcare workers and parents should present a balanced view of all available research. Above all, it is essential that these measures be supported by large-scale, independent medical research into the nature of possible links between vaccines and damage.

Educational reform has been perceived as a process whereby the Thai Government expects to increase the national competitiveness and stimulate literacy across the country. Its crucial concept was to implement the student-centred learning approach (SCL). This study presents an analysis of classroom observation focusing on lower secondary (Mattayom 1-3) science classrooms in 14 schools located in a rural area in Thailand and discusses the implementation of the current science curriculum. Additionally, a thematic analysis of interviews with lower secondary school science teachers and focus group interviews of students are presented. Based on the thematic analysis, perceptions of 22 science teachers on the current science curriculum implementation and prospective factors which tend to deteriorate the effectiveness of curriculum implementation are addressed. Like the teachers' interviews, students' perceptions regarding science and benefit of studying science are obtained from 30 groups of students, using the thematic analysis and are presented in this study. Based on the observations of 22 science classrooms, teachers' practices in implementing the current science curriculum in the rural context can be categorised, based on their inclination towards particular learning approaches, into three groups; namely combination of the student-centred learning (SCL) approach and the teacher-centred learning (TCL) approach with a tendency towards SCL, combination of SCL and TCL with a tendency towards TCL ,and the teacher-centred learning (TCL).The teachers' perceptions could be described into two perspectives; namely on the reform and on implementation, and each perspective can be classified into several themes, and the major issues emerged are discussed. The students' perceptions can be categorised into eight themes such as attitudes regarding learning/studying science, future plans, etc. The study is expected to contribute to the understanding of current science teaching and improving its practices for the science teachers in Thailand. Eventually, these experiences could be an example for other transitional countries in the wider context.

Zugl.: Münster (Westfalen), Universiẗat, Diss., 2007.

Oregon is now one of only eighteen states that regulate alcohol as a monopoly. The Oregon Liquor Control Commission (OLCC) imposes and enforces rules regulating the sale and distribution of alcohol within the state. The regulations were designed to restrict the availability of alcohols. Beer and wine avoided many restrictions imposed on liquor reflecting an incentive to alter consumption rates in favor of beer and wine over liquor. Many of the reasons to favor beer and wine over liquor were based on scientific claims or beliefs that we now know to be untrue. Updating our regulatory environment to recalibrate the laws based on our current understanding of the effects of liquor consumption depends on the Oregon’s ability to overcome the social stigma associated with liquor and the negative externalities it produces when abused. At stake is the future of an industry that has given Oregon global prominence as a mecca of homegrown beer, wine, and spirits, contributing to business opportunities and jobs in the hospitality and retail sectors.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka vilken bild införandet av lärarlegitimation ges i dagspress under tiden mellan början av 2008 och den 30 november 2012. I undersökningen samlades data i form av debattartiklar och ledare från svenska dags- och kvällstidningar in för att analyseras med avseende på vem som författat artikeln samt med hjälp av idéanalys för att utröna artiklarnas argumentativa innehåll. År 2010 beslutades sveriges riksdag om införandet av en legitimation för lärare från förskola till gymnasium, något som förespråkats av såväl lärarfack som politiska intressen. Trots detta ledde beslutet till en livlig debatt om för- och nackdelar med legitimationen. I debatten kom en mängd olika grupper och intressen till tals, även om journalister, politiker och fackliga företrädare dominerar debatten. Det uttalas en mängd olika argument för och emot legitimationen, vilket ger en bred och mångfaldig bild av problem och möjligheter med legitimationen. Dock så målar debatten upp en genomgående negativ bild av skolan som arbetsplats och läraryrket. De röster som talar emot införandet är ofta enskilda lärare och forskare inom fält som ligger skolan nära. Däremot är fack och politiker genomgående positiva till legitimation. I debatten kan man skönja en konflikt i motivationen till varför olika grupper vill införa legitimation. Vissa ser det som ett sätt för lärarna som yrkesgrupp att skapa sig autonomi och en maktbas jämtemot samhället i övrigt. Andra ser det som ett sätt för arbetsgivare och politiska krafter att få kontroll över lärarna.

The subject of my thesis is one which has been subject of many reports of reform of civil justice system across Canada. I consider that the reform of civil justice system is of fundamental importance for our society affecting all the citizens of our country and is, also, a fascinating topic. This thesis examines the changes proposed by Honourable Judge Coulter Osborne through the lens of the reform in civil procedure rules operated in the U.K.as a result of Lord Wolfe’s report because the Canadian justice system is founded upon Anglo-Saxon common law principles. My conclusion is that any substantial reform of the civil justice system must start with an increased role of the judge over the case, in the way promoted in U.K’s Civil Procedure Rules, and that Justice Osborne’s civil justice project still doesn’t propose a much needed overhaul change of Civil Procedure Rules in Ontario.

The subject of my thesis is one which has been subject of many reports of reform of civil justice system across Canada. I consider that the reform of civil justice system is of fundamental importance for our society affecting all the citizens of our country and is, also, a fascinating topic. This thesis examines the changes proposed by Honourable Judge Coulter Osborne through the lens of the reform in civil procedure rules operated in the U.K.as a result of Lord Wolfe’s report because the Canadian justice system is founded upon Anglo-Saxon common law principles. My conclusion is that any substantial reform of the civil justice system must start with an increased role of the judge over the case, in the way promoted in U.K’s Civil Procedure Rules, and that Justice Osborne’s civil justice project still doesn’t propose a much needed overhaul change of Civil Procedure Rules in Ontario.

Probe Into The Dilemmas of Democracy Congressional Reform: The Cases of California Congress and Taiwan Congress Abstract Among developed democracy countries, it's very popular to deliberate researches of the Congressional reform. All-embracing aspects for the congressional reform and researches, yet developed democracy countries are continuing to orientate trends for their reforms to achieve the best efficiency within the Congress. Nevertheless, although the Congress' systems break fresh ground by times, the Congress is regarded as an inefficient then spoiled government organization all the time. On one hand, this research probes into the dilemmas or straits for developed democracy countries; on the other hand, this confers on contradictions or difficulties between the congressional representative and professional efficacy in order to step them up. We hypothesize there seems to be a contradiction between congressional representative and specialty. As the researches of congressional reform become increasingly important, we can help to discover the problems and try to dissolve them. It hopes to improve the congress function and efficiency.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Florida, 2009. / Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 218 pages. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.