Thesis (M.Sc.)(Environmental Technology)--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Includes summary. Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.

M.Phil. (Geography) / Pleae refer to full text to view abstract

Due to the development of intensive livestock production methods -namely, high-density confinement feeding - animal wastes traditionally looked upon as "natural" or "background" wastes, are now being subject to the same restrictions, as regards disposal, as industrial wastes. As a result waste treatment of some nature has become necessary. Such treatment methods would reduce the amount of solids requiring disposal and make the liquid portion more acceptable for disposal to water courses or for re-use. Anaerobic lagooning is one such method of waste treatment of concentrated animal wastes. An investigation on a laboratory-scale of the effects of various parameters on the anaerobic decomposition of hog waste was undertaken. Included in this study was the effect of varied detention times and temperatures on such waste characteristics as oxygen demand, solids, nutrients and gas composition and production. The final outcome of this program was to add some degree of optimization to the anaerobic waste treatment method and to develop improved design guidelines related to this specific field. All recommendations presented are based on laboratory findings. Correlation between laboratory-scale results and field-scale results was not attempted in this portion of the study. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Civil Engineering, Department of / Graduate

The siting of municipal solid waste disposal facilities is often unsuccessful or delayed because of host community opposition. Physical, economic, social and political impacts of landfill and an incinerator site are identified, assessed and combined in a rational model to explain the cause of opposition. Residents' beliefs about facility impacts correspond well with the assessed physical impacts at the landfill in identifying odor, birds, traffic, water emissions and explosion risks as negative impacts and convenient disposal as a benefit. At the incinerator, common resident beliefs comprise odors, noise, traffic and air emissions as negative impacts and energy recovery as a benefit. Underlying these obvious physical impacts, however is a group of non-physical beliefs about the harm to community image, loss of control, unfairness, and property value losses in the host community. These non-physical impacts influence the attitude about the facility as strongly as the physical impacts. Finally, exposure to obvious physical impacts is shown to negatively influence the beliefs about physical and non-physical (economic, social and political) impacts. Thus, by screening the host community from obvious physical impacts (nuisances), the beliefs about community image, control, fairness and property values can be enhanced. Since negative attitude and opposition action are strongest prior to facility construction, the siting efforts need to be focused on this period. After construction, the host community adapts to the new situation. The facility impacts are combined into a model to define a criterion for acceptance. The net value of facility impacts and benefits must reach or exceed in value the narrow tolerance range at the original host community reference point to avoid significant host community opposition. Impact reduction rather than compensation is theoretically shown to be the more effective approach to fulfilling the acceptance criterion. This approach is empirically tested at typical waste facility sites. Despite higher costs for prevention and emission control methods to reduce physical and non-physical impacts, these methods are shown to be superior to mitigation and compensation in gaining community acceptance. Based on the conclusions, the policy statement on waste facility sitings recommends first, defining entitlements and rules for the siting process, establishing increasing waste reduction and separation in a waste management plan, and using participative community planning as long-term, preventive facility siting measures. Short term siting measures comprise, the negotiation of siting agreements, the use of best available technical emission controls and continued monitoring by an overview committee. The focused use of prevention and control measures to address host community concerns can substantially enhance community acceptance of municipal solid waste facilities. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Civil Engineering, Department of / Graduate

A project report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering. / The design of a waste handling system is closely related to the functioning of the manufacturing system that it serves. The study considered the design of a waste handling system at the factory Printpak Gravure in Industria. The system in use was considered cost inefficient, The system was examlned, operating variables were determined, A model of the system was constructed so that the effectiveness of alternative systems could be compared. The replacement system selected reduced machine downtime and resulted in a lower yearly operating cost. / Andrew Chakane 2019

Facility location models presently available in solid waste management are reviewed. From these models, one is adapted and modified to optimally locate the modular incinerator plants and transfer stations in municipal solid waste systems. The criteria for optimization is developed in terms of minimum total costs of the system. The generation and composition of municipal solid waste at present, and projected estimates into the future, through the year 2000, are also presented. Recommendations are made for the use of modular incinerators and conservation of landfills and use of the optimization model for locating incinerator plants and transfer stations by the municipal solid waste managers.

Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2007. Graduate Programme in Geography. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-142). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR29282

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas State University Libraries / Department: Regional and Community Planning.

Bibliography: p. 367-392. This thesis takes an overview of urban waste disposal practices in Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide since the time of their respective settlement by Europeans through to the year 2000. The narrative identifies how such factors as the growth of representative government, the emergence of a bureaucracy, the visitation of bubonic plague, changed perceptions of risk, and the rise of the environmental movement, have directly influenced urban waste disposal outcomes.

Bibliography: p. 367-392. / xv, 392 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / This thesis takes an overview of urban waste disposal practices in Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide since the time of their respective settlement by Europeans through to the year 2000. The narrative identifies how such factors as the growth of representative government, the emergence of a bureaucracy, the visitation of bubonic plague, changed perceptions of risk, and the rise of the environmental movement, have directly influenced urban waste disposal outcomes. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geographical and Environmental Studies, 2002