Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Göttingen, 2000.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1988.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Since the end of the Cold War internal conflict has emerged more and more into the foreground of concern in the international arena. It is seemingly more perverse and intractable than traditional interstate conflict, and as a result it is increasingly harder to resolve. Recurrence of internal conflict has been and remains to be a significant issue. Because of the nature of internal conflict and the underlying causes of the violence, the way in which its resolution is approached has a significant impact on the likelihood of success. The theory of peacebuilding, while still in its infancy, is gaining more and attention as a way in which to approach internal conflict and help to establish long-term peace in post-conflict societies. This thesis analyses the theory of peacebuilding and develops a framework based on this research that includes what I believe are the most relevant aspects of the approach. This framework is then applied to three cases; East Timor, Bougainville and the Solomon Islands. The theory is based on the idea of building long-term sustainable peace. This is done by not only improving the security situation in the host state but also working through the underlying causes of the violence and helping to establish sustainable and self-reliant institutions that will help support peace within the state long after the peacebuilders have withdrawn. The main focus of this research is internal conflict in the Pacific region. Conflict in the region, while somewhat insignificant on an international scale, is disproportionate to the small size of the region. The effects of conflict are felt long after the fighting has stopped. The theory of peacebuilding in the Pacific is approached by examining three peacebuilding missions that have been undertaken in the region and analysing the strengths and weaknesses of these cases. From here the overall success of these missions is examined. Ideas about peacebuilding success are then developed and a look at the future of peacebuilding in the region is outlined.

This thesis addresses a central topic in auroral physics, namely particle accelerationproducing intense aurora as well as energetic plasma outflow. Cluster satellitemeasurements of electric and magnetic fields, electrons and ions, collected across auroralfield lines, are used to study various aspects of the quasi-static auroral accelerationregion (AAR), its relation to the auroral density cavity, and the relative role of quasistaticand Alfvénic acceleration for producing aurora.The acceleration potential structures and electro-dynamical features of a large-scaleauroral surge is studied based on data from the Cluster satellites, crossing differentmagnetic local time (MLT) sectors of a surge-horn system. This allows snapshots of theacceleration potential structure and of the current systems to be provided, including thefield-aligned current closure for the different segments of the surge-horn aurora.The relative role of quasi-static and Alfvénic acceleration for producing auroral arcs isaddressed for the case of a large-scale substorm surge, crossed by the Cluster C2 satellite. Thetwo contributions to the downward electron energy flux is estimated for each of the smallerscalearc structures crossed by C2 within and adjacent to the large-scale surge. For these, thequasi-static acceleration typically dominates, except for the polar cap boundary arc, and in thesurge head, where the Alfvénic contribution is significant.The occurrence of intense electric fields and associated plasma densities versus altitude andMLT is the subject of a statistical study based on 9.5 years of Cluster data, collected ataltitudes between 2 and 4 RE. Intense arc-associated electric fields occur in two altituderegions, separated by a gap around 2.8 RE. The low-altitude fields are interpreted as mainlyquasi-static and the high-altitude fields as mainly Alfvénic. The results which are supportedby estimates of the (ΔE/ΔB)/VA ratio, indicate that, on the average, the quasi-static fieldsextend up to 2.6 RE, above which a transition to Alfvénic fields occur.The auroral density cavity, intimately associated with the auroral acceleration process, wasthe subject of a statistical study based on Cluster data, collected between 2002 and 2007, ataltitudes between 2.0 RE and 5.5 RE. Decreasing electron densities are observed between 2 and 3.3 RE, and between 4.6 and 5.5 RE, corresponding to climbing the parallel potential hillof the AAR. Furthermore, the density is found to decrease while ascending above the AAR,indicating that the cavities are not necessarily confined by it. / <p>QC 20141110</p>

137 leaves : ill., (1 col.) diag., tables ; 26 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Physics, 1975

Univ., Magisterarbeit, 2007--Frankfurt (Main)