In recent years, regional accreditation and the regional accreditation associations for higher education have experienced continuing criticism and become the objects of increased scrutiny. Higher education institutions look to the accreditation process as one of the principal means of justifying their actions and activities relative to their performance and results. Since the complaints and criticism directed toward higher education have not diminished but continued, and even increased, the regional accreditation associations find themselves to be the focus of similar complaints and criticisms. In the United States, we have no national system of accreditation. We rely on the actions and activities of one of the six regional accreditation associations. Each of these associations has its own separate and, in some cases, unique accreditation processes. Each publishes its own standards, its own handbooks, its own policies and practices, its own newsletters, and its own rules and regulations for accreditation. This situation can lead to inconsistencies, and could be a source of much confusion and misunderstanding when discussing the implications of an institution being accredited within a particular region. Logic models are diagrams or visual schematics that convey relationships between program processes and outcomes. This study uses logic modeling and logic model theory as the framework for an examination of the components of accreditation within two regional accreditation associations. A systematic and detailed methodology was developed in order to construct a logic model from existing handbooks and documents. As a result, two regional logic models were constructed, as well as a combined model based upon common elements. Implications of this study include the possible construction of a national accreditation logic model if the methodology is applied in the additional regional associations. This conceptual approach could lead to more consistency in the design, communication, and application of accreditation processes. Better understanding of, and less confusion concerning, the myriad of activities and processes required in a successful regional accreditation could lead to better, more effective, and more meaningful accreditation activities and results. This, in turn, could generate true growth and improvement in the actions, activities, and results achieved by our higher education institutions.

This study addressed the broader issue of the negative impact of the community college practice of hiring large numbers of part-time faculty on graduation rates. Prior research has determined that higher ratios of full-time faculty correlate significantly and positively with community college graduation rates. This study extended the research of institutional models affecting community college graduation rates and investigated the nature of regional accreditation for the adequacy of full-time faculty as a determinate of graduation rates. This study included all public 2-year institutions in the United States. A correlational research design was implemented using data available through the National Center for Education Statistics and the nation’s six regional accrediting agencies for community colleges. Among the major findings in the study, graduation rates were found to be significantly correlated among schools belonging to different regional accreditation agencies. The study also determined that ratios of full-time faculty, institution size, instructional spending, and ratios of full-time students correlated significantly with increased graduation rates. When comparing community colleges among regional accreditors that had no standards for regulating the adequacy of full-time faculty with those who do, graduation rates did not correlate significantly. These results contribute to the body of knowledge for institutional effects on graduation rates and also have important implications for regional accreditors. The results suggest that regional accrediting standards for the adequacy of full-time faculty may need to be more prescriptive in nature to provide a direct impact on graduation rates.

School Renewal is a broadly defined process used as an alternative route to school improvement and regional accreditation. However, there is no direct evidence to support its use. To date, there have been no systematic inquiries to document the regional accreditation process of improving an elementary and middle school through the School Renewal process. This study was an inquiry into the School Renewal accreditation process in an elementary and middle school. The study focused on the structure of the School Renewal process, the processes in which participants engaged, and the outcomes of the School Renewal process as related to planning, climate, communication, curriculum and instruction, and staff development. The design included a case study with a rich, descriptive, narrative format for reporting. The participants included the principal, assistant principal, all faculty and staff members, parents and community members of Honaker Elementary and Middle School who were members of one of the School Renewal committees. Data from documents, observations and interviews of participants, and the researcher's journal were analyzed to build a complete case narrative. The findings were organized into three major themes from the School Renewal process: the structure of school renewal; the processes of leadership including communication and involvement of participants in the School Renewal process; and the outcomes of School Renewal. A number of major understandings emanated from the study that help to elaborate existing descriptions of the School Renewal process. Planning and structuring the process created the framework and foundation from which to begin the School Renewal process. A democratic, supportive principal and a strong teacher leader emerged as key participants at the school level. School-wide communication was a vital component. The roles of participants, representation of stakeholders, and active involvement helped facilitate participant motivation that bound the participants together throughout the renewal process. / Ed. D.

As one result of the accountability movement in American postsecondary education, accrediting agencies have increased their emphasis on student learning outcomes assessment. Among other consequences, this change has impacted the manner in which institutions of higher education (IHEs) plan, implement, assess, and revise the general education portion of their curricula. Yet, although accreditation has promoted the practice of general education assessment, studies suggest that it has not necessarily helped IHEs to use assessment effectively for improvement. In particular, community colleges have faced unique challenges in implementing general education assessment plans and using their results for improvement. This single case study sought to illuminate the manner in which the convergence of environmental characteristics and the Middle States Commission on Higher Education's (MSCHE) re-accreditation and sanctioning processes impacted a community college's plans for assessing general education. To accomplish this, the researcher conducted an intensive examination of a community college, which MSCHE had recently required to submit a progress report that detailed specific improvements to the IHE's plan for assessing general education. The data showed that re-accreditation served as a primary motivator for changes to this IHE's approach to general education assessment. However, interview responses suggested that MSCHE could have assisted the community college by providing more support as institutional leaders sought to produce a required progress report that sufficiently documented their general education assessment plan. Four overarching components of the institutional environment had a complex impact on the community college's ability to meet accreditation standards. The physical environment neither stimulated nor inhibited efforts to meet standards at this IHE and the human aggregate environment had a predominantly positive impact on these efforts. Data related to the organizational environment proved mixed. While some stimulants of change existed, other organizational factors inhibited the ability of this community college to meet MSCHE standards related to general education assessment. Finally, the constructed environment of collective beliefs had an overwhelmingly positive impact on these efforts. These findings led to several recommendations for the case study IHE, MSCHE, the state, and future researchers. In addition, they have yielded valuable insights about the combined impact of the regional accreditation process and environmental characteristics upon an IHE's ability to meet standards in areas such as general education and assessment. The recommendations may assist other IHEs needing to improve both their general education assessment plans and, more broadly, their ability to meet the standards of regional accrediting bodies. Furthermore, they may assist regional accrediting bodies and states with improving their ability to facilitate substantive change. / Educational Administration