Despite their fluctuating characteristics, urban economies of the U.S. during the last three decades exhibited relative steadiness in terms of the changing direction of general urban structure. Such changing characteristics of the urban system are expressed as structural convergence because economies of urban places have become more and more alike. This study explores the structural changes and growth factors of the Arizona urban system, using various analytic methods with the U.S. census data for 1970, 1980, and 1990. The results from the factor analyses of Arizona towns indicate that while the Arizona urban system has grown fast through inmigration and urbanization processes since the 1960s, its basic structural properties have been quite stable. It is also found that specific factors affecting urban growth have changed over time, though the general structure of the urban system has been stable. The results from the analyses of urban industrial structure indicate that the economies of Arizona towns have become more diversified and the level of industrial specialization has become increasingly associated with the size of urban population and employment over time. From the analyses of nonemployment income sources, it is found that nonemployment income has become more important in the economic bases of towns over time, and the elderly population and metropolitan proximity are associated with the increase of nonemployment income of the communities. Further, it is revealed that nonemployment income significantly increases nonbasic income. Specifically, nonbasic income of larger town is more affected by investment income and that of smaller town is more affected by transfer income. Along with the industrial diversification trend, the fact that nonemployment income has become increasingly important in urban economies confirms that urban economies are becoming more and more alike.

Four different methods of separating indoor and outdoor water use in apartment complexes were studied to determine which one of the estimators was the best one. The four methods follow: (1) Actual Use Method; (2) Minimum Monthly Use; (3) Appliance Monthly Use; and (4) All Indoor Water Use method. The average indoor and outdoor water use per month per apartment household of each method were calculated to compare to each other. Also, several characteristics pertaining to complex size, average rent per month per household, vacancy rate, and manager's highest education level were examined to determine their effects on the indoor and outdoor water use.

Given Tucson Water's physical supply and institutional constraints and the utilities expressed interest in becoming a more efficient operation, rate schedules may be a most important management tool. A rate schedule based on consumer's true marginal willingness to pay expressed in accurate demand estimation would provide such a tool. This work examines the practical applicability of a model developed by James Opaluch for the Tucson area using data from a random sample of 46 single family households. The model allows for the relaxation of classical assumption that consumers have perfect information about the goods and services they purchase. It provides empirical evidence relating to the price and difference model as it relates to theoretic subsidization inherent in block rate structures and examines the effectiveness of the current increasing block rate in regards to consumer's perception of price elasticities.

This thesis compares the landscape planning goals and procedures of Pima County and Landkreis Hannover as they enter regional planworks. The literature provides three significant approaches to landscape planning, from which are extracted significant valuation criteria including biophysical and sociocultural landscape characteristics as well as data handling and implementation considerations. Landkreis Hannover employs a landscape and a comprehensive planwork, the latter coordinating the missions of all spatial disciplines and the first representing a conservation component. Pima County develops a comprehensive plan based on pro-growth policy which attempts primary issue integration. Both counties demonstrate strengths and weaknesses uncovered by assessment of the valuation criteria. Learning from each other, Hannover can improve in data handling whereas Pima County can improve in organizational cooperation and promotion of the concept of sustainable development.

The international border region of the Sonoran Desert is unique in that it is the site of three Man and the Biosphere Reserves in two countries. Unlike national parks and other means of conservation, biosphere reserves provide a unique approach to resource protection by encouraging the sustainable development of outlying communities. The concept of sustainable development is examined as are its implications for regional planning. The international border region adjacent to the biosphere reserves is profiled and planning issues outlined. The efforts of others to incorporate sustainable development are reviewed as are the experiences of those who have applied their efforts to the region in question. A methodology for the protection of the natural attributes of the region is proposed.

This study is intended to explore the intentions to migrate of a group of migrants from urban Java and Kalimantan, Indonesia, using a framework based on Place-Utility/Migration Intentions Model. Because this study explores the intentions of urban residents, several new variables were specified including: urban employment sector (formal and informal) as an individual background factor, difference in city settings as a structural background factor, and job satisfaction as a place-utility variable. Migration intentions to be explained consist of intentions "to stay", "to leave", and "be undecided". / Using multinomial logit technique, this study found that the inclusion of these variables in this model was very useful. Differences in urban settings and type of urban employment sector were found to be the most influential variables. Job satisfaction is an important predictor and functions as an intervening variable between urban employment sector, income and migration intentions. Other variables examined in the model such as education, employment status in the place of origin, duration of stay in the city, and income level were found as important individual background factors. Values expected from the city as a place utility variable in the model was an important intervening variable between marital status and migration intentions, and between the type of sector engaged in by migrants and migration intentions. / In Java, migrants are inclined to leave the city due to their participation in the urban informal sector, having a rural job waiting, being married, and low levels of education. On the contrary, migrants in Kalimantan are inclined to stay in the city or being undecided because of preference for urban life-style, participation in the formal sector jobs, having older age, and lower education levels. / This study demonstrates the utility of this model and suggests that prediction of migration intentions should take into account differences in employment sector, job satisfaction, and setting. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 54-07, Section: A, page: 2763. / Major Professor: Peter L. Doan. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1993.

The purpose of this study is to provide an effective direction for the development and management of the enterprise zone program. This study stems from a basic question: Is the enterprise zone program an effective tool for local economic development? To examine the effectiveness of the enterprise zone program, enterprise zones and other distressed areas were compared in terms of the level of neighborhood revitalization between 1980 and 1990. The comparative analysis showed that the current enterprise zone program does not appear to have a substantial impact on neighborhood revitalization. / After examining the effectiveness of the enterprise zone program, quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted to clarify the important factors which lead to a successful enterprise zone program. In these analyses, it is hypothesized that local economic development efforts play a determinant role in the revitalization of distressed communities. The statistical results of the quantitative analysis demonstrated that local governments' commitments are vital to the success of the enterprise zone program. / Case studies, as a qualitative research method, provided a more profound understanding as to the importance of local economic development efforts. The results of case studies showed that the active role of local government becomes worthwhile when the enterprise zone program is closely interconnected with a community redevelopment plan, with secured local financial resources, and is managed by an active local non-profit organization or public agency with extensive experiences in redevelopment activities. This implies that the combination of these local economic development efforts should be a premise for achieving neighborhood revitalization as a major goal of the enterprise zone program. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 54-11, Section: A, page: 4281. / Major Professor: Charles E. Connerly. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1993.

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Thesis. 1980. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Political Science. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND DEWEY. / Bibliography: leaves 411-431. / by Richard J. Samuels. / Ph.D.

This thesis explores how architecture can be designed to react to changing conditions. In the design I address how the occupants of a building may change the exterior façade based on a change of events or on group size. This creates an architectural language on the façade for pedestrians and motorists to read those activities that are occurring. The design project is a hybrid recreational center and plaza that is designed for the use of small groups and can be adapted for larger groups. By manipulating the ground plane I create spaces where the spectator becomes the display and the display becomes the spectator. The public spaces at the center are a casual stage for movement, while private spaces at the edge offer places for spectators to overlook events. The movements at the center and edge are displayed on the façade creating a system of information.