Background: Rehabilitation has emerged as a comprehensive approach with a combination of treatment modalities to address the multiple impediments associated with disabilities in intellectually disabled people. Rehabilitation is used to address intellectually disabled peoples’ skill deficits, to improve competencies and to facilitate optimal functioning within the goal of giving the greatest possible measure of social and economic participation, independence, self–reliance and self–determination to intellectually disabled people. The ongoing improvement of rehabilitation services in the public health system therefore remains a continuous challenge; hence the need for further research. Objective: The systematic literature review critically synthesizes and describes the available evidence of the effects of rehabilitation on intellectually disabled people. Method: Literature searches of different electronic databases as well as manual searches of references of primary studies were conducted using selected keywords. The total number of the studies identified from an electronic database search was 1 102. All titles and abstracts were screened for relevance and 40 studies were immediately excluded. From the remaining 1 062 studies, another 993 studies were excluded because they were not relevant to the rehabilitation of intellectually disabled people. The abstracts and titles of the remaining 69 studies were screened for a second time to exclude studies not relevant to actual rehabilitation of intellectually disabled people. Another two studies were excluded as duplicates. The remaining 67 studies were retrieved as full texts; of these, 40 studies were excluded due to them being written in a foreign language. After all abstracts and texts were thoroughly screened for true relevancy to the review question, a further 20 studies were excluded. The remaining seven full–text studies were selected for critical appraisal because they were relevant to the effects of rehabilitation on intellectually disabled people. Results: These identified studies have the potential to inform clinical practice on the basis of their evidenced interventions that resulted in the improvement of outcomes of rehabilitation of intellectually disabled people. Improvement of skills was noted for mildly and moderately intellectually disabled people. Improvement was noted in activities of daily living (ADL), self–care skills, communication skills and cognitive achievements. Conclusions: The study contributes to the comprehensive nursing care of intellectually disabled people by endorsement of the effectiveness of rehabilitation in terms of ADL, self–care skills, communication skills and cognitive achievements. The collected evidence of this study may contribute to the education of more effective nurse practitioners involved in the daily care and rehabilitation of intellectually disabled people. / Thesis (M.Cur.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Background: Rehabilitation has emerged as a comprehensive approach with a combination of treatment modalities to address the multiple impediments associated with disabilities in intellectually disabled people. Rehabilitation is used to address intellectually disabled peoples’ skill deficits, to improve competencies and to facilitate optimal functioning within the goal of giving the greatest possible measure of social and economic participation, independence, self–reliance and self–determination to intellectually disabled people. The ongoing improvement of rehabilitation services in the public health system therefore remains a continuous challenge; hence the need for further research. Objective: The systematic literature review critically synthesizes and describes the available evidence of the effects of rehabilitation on intellectually disabled people. Method: Literature searches of different electronic databases as well as manual searches of references of primary studies were conducted using selected keywords. The total number of the studies identified from an electronic database search was 1 102. All titles and abstracts were screened for relevance and 40 studies were immediately excluded. From the remaining 1 062 studies, another 993 studies were excluded because they were not relevant to the rehabilitation of intellectually disabled people. The abstracts and titles of the remaining 69 studies were screened for a second time to exclude studies not relevant to actual rehabilitation of intellectually disabled people. Another two studies were excluded as duplicates. The remaining 67 studies were retrieved as full texts; of these, 40 studies were excluded due to them being written in a foreign language. After all abstracts and texts were thoroughly screened for true relevancy to the review question, a further 20 studies were excluded. The remaining seven full–text studies were selected for critical appraisal because they were relevant to the effects of rehabilitation on intellectually disabled people. Results: These identified studies have the potential to inform clinical practice on the basis of their evidenced interventions that resulted in the improvement of outcomes of rehabilitation of intellectually disabled people. Improvement of skills was noted for mildly and moderately intellectually disabled people. Improvement was noted in activities of daily living (ADL), self–care skills, communication skills and cognitive achievements. Conclusions: The study contributes to the comprehensive nursing care of intellectually disabled people by endorsement of the effectiveness of rehabilitation in terms of ADL, self–care skills, communication skills and cognitive achievements. The collected evidence of this study may contribute to the education of more effective nurse practitioners involved in the daily care and rehabilitation of intellectually disabled people. / Thesis (M.Cur.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Professional rugby union has grown to become the third most popular team contact sport in the world. The physical nature of the game results in a high prevalence of injuries on all levels of play. Injury prevalence as high as 83.9 injuries per 1000 playing hours has been reported for the 2007 Rugby World Cup in France. Although research indicates schoolboy rugby union to be safer than professional rugby, injury rates as high as 65.8 injuries per 1000 playing hours have been reported. These injuries are mostly caused by the tackle situation, with the knee– and shoulder–joints being the most injured site. The risk of injuries in rugby union is heightened by professionalism, previous injuries, higher training demands, intrinsic factors and psychological issues. Due to the professional nature the game has taken on, the management of rugby union injuries has become increasingly more important. This should include prehabilitation or injury prevention programs, rehabilitation up until the final, sport specific phase as well as structured return to play testing. Another important aspect of injury management is the education of coaches, players and other persons involved in the sport. Objectives The first objective of the study was to observe the prevalence and nature of injuries in South African schoolboy rugby union players. Secondly, the treatment of these injuries was observed as well as the return to play criteria used to determine readiness to return to play after injury. The association between the treatment of injuries and the severity of injuries was then obtained. Lastly re–injury prevalence was compared to treatment received and return to play criteria used to determine readiness. Methods Ten schools from across South Africa partook in the study. The schools were all identified by the NWU–PUK as elite schools due to performances in the previous year (2008). Only the first team squad of each school was participated, amounting to a total number of 194 boys answering questionnaires conducted by the researcher for each of their injuries. The questionnaires included injury severity and site, recurrence of injury, cause of injury, treatment procedures and criteria used for return to play. Severity was defined in terms of game and training days missed due to injury and are describe as slight (0 – 1 day), minimal (2 - 3 days), mild (4 - 7 days), moderate (8 - 28 days) or severe (>28 days). The results were then analyzed and presented through descriptive statistics. Statistical significance was indicated by p <= 0.05. Practical significance was described by the Phi–coefficient. The practical significance indicated by phi, was indicated as large if phi >= 0.5. Results A total number of 118 injuries were reported amounting to 78.51 injuries per 1000 playing hours. New injuries accounted for 68.64% (n=81) while recurrent injuries was reported to be 31.36% (n=37). The most frequent site of injury was the knee (n=26), followed by the shoulder (n=21). The event leading to injury that was most frequently reported, was the tackle (including making the tackle and being tackled) (n=49). Most injuries were slight (48%) but a high rate of moderate and severe injuries (39%) were reported. These moderate to severe injuries resulted in a minimum total of 360 days missed. Severe injuries were more likely to be treated by a doctor. Treatment by a doctor for severe injuries indicated the only significance in the study (p = 0.7). No fixed return to play protocol was in place for deciding if a player should be allowed to return to play. Thirteen of the injuries were however investigated through further testing (either through isokinetic or on–field testing). Conclusion Injury prevalence amongst top teams in South African schoolboy rugby union is very high. Rehabilitation does not follow a structured program or guidelines and there is no definite return to play protocols available. Re–injury rates are high, possibly due to the lack of structured rehabilitation and return to play protocols. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Biokinetics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

The primary impacts of mining on the environment include the deterioration of soil properties and the loss of vegetation cover and density, often leading to increased erosion. In order to encumber further degeneration of such ecosystems and all subsequent other negative environmental impacts, active rehabilitation practices are often implemented. Active rehabilitation involves the introduction of species by different re–seeding (re–vegetation) methodologies. A higher vegetation cover and density is needed to increase soil quality, combat erosion and contribute to species richness, diversity and ground cover. Several Acts regarding environmental legislation and the conservation of the natural resource in South Africa are used to ensure that sustainable development, rehabilitation and effective environmental management of disturbed areas are enforced. Legislation therefore provides a measure to prevent pollution and ecological degradation, promotes conservation, secure ecologically sustainable development and the use of natural resources, while promoting justifiable economic and social development. Legislation also enforces and regulates the remediation of disturbed ecosystems, such as the rehabilitation of mine tailing areas. Some of this legislation mentioned above is described in the thesis. Species selected for the compilation of seed mixtures for re–seeding and re–vegetation purposes should comply with the standards determined by the regional biodiversity framework where the disturbed area is situated. Only seed of species with non–invasive potential, that are adapted to the specific environmental conditions and have specific genetic traits, should be included in the seed mixture for rehabilitation. Since seed from local ecotype species are often not available, seed companies use seed from especially grass species that might be adapted to the environmental conditions and type of disturbance or degradation to help remediate the poor soil conditions and improve the vegetation cover. The problem is that if the morphological and physiological aspects of the seed type have not been researched properly, it may lead to poor germination and establishment results when used for the rehabilitation of certain degraded and disturbed areas, such as rangelands or mine tailings. Advance Seed Company tries to enhance seed by adding a coating around the caryopsis (grass seed) for better germination and establishment rates. Such seeds are then referred to as “enhanced” or “coated” seed. The term “seed” will be used throughout the dissertation to describe the whole, intact caryopsis (e.g. Anthephora pubescens). The coatings normally refer to the physical enhancements of the seeds by the application of a water–soluble lime–based coating, which may contain nutrients, fungicides, pesticides and other polymers. This study focused on the evaluation of the germination– and establishment rates in four soil types (growth mediums), as well as the activity of three growth enzymes on coated seed of three grass species, namely Anthephora pubescens, Cynodon dactylon and Panicum maximum. Advanced Seed Company provided the seeds for the three selected grass species that were coated with their newly developed certified formulae. Experimental trails were carried out in the laboratory and greenhouses (controlled conditions) at the North West University and in the field (uncontrolled conditions) at the four locations representing the different soil types, namely the clayey and sandy soils at Taaibosbult near Potchefstroom and the platinum (alkaline growth medium) and gold mine tailings (acidic growth medium) near Rustenburg and Stilfontein respectively. Detailed soil analysis was carried out by certified soil laboratories in Potchefstroom and seed purity, viability and quality determined by the Plant Protection Institute in Pretoria. The results from the greenhouse and the field trials differed significantly for all seed types (coated and uncoated) of the three grass species in the four soil types. The germination and establishment rates in both the greenhouse (controlled conditions) and field (uncontrolled conditions) trials were overall very low. The latter can also be ascribed to the competition with other weed species that were present in the soil seed bank before re–seeding, as well as the predation by ants and guinea fowls in especially the field trials of the sandy and clayey soils. Due to the absence of competition in the field trials on the mine tailings, the germination and establishment rates were higher for most grass species. The quality of the seed batches as supplied by Advance Seed Company was not very good. Although the purity was high, many dead seeds were found, especially for Panicum maximum. The germination and establishment rates of Antephora pubescens of the uncoated seed was higher in the sandy, platinum and gold mine tailings soil types in both the uncontrolled field and controlled greenhouse trials and low for both seed types (coated and uncoated) in the clayey soils. Cynodon dactylon had higher germination and establishment rates for especially the gold mine tailings soil in the field trials for both seed types, as well as the sandy soils under controlled conditions in the greenhouse. Both rates were lower in the sand– and clayey soils field trials. The germination rates for Panicum maximum for both seed types were similar for the clay and sandy soil types, but very low in the soils from the mine tailings, especially under controlled conditions in the greenhouse trials. The germination and establishment rates for both seed types of this species were however much higher in the field trials at both the gold and platinum mine tailings, mainly due to the absence of competition. No results for Panicum maximum were obtained from the field trials on the clay soils due to management and maintenance problems. The peroxidise enzyme activity was higher in the coated seed of Antephora pubescens, but lower in both seed types of Cynodon dactylon and Panicum maximum. The alpha amylase enzyme activity was high in the coated seed of Antephora pubescens and both seed types of Panicum maximum, but low in both seed types of Cynodon dactylon. The activity of the lipoxygenase enzyme was higher in all the coated seed of all three grass species that were used in this study. It also appears as if the storage period played a significant role in the germination of the species, especially after and during the seed coating process, as it had a negative effect on the physiology of the seed. In all species, a higher rate of gaseous exchange was observed in the uncoated seed types. However, the water content of the seed types differed between the seed types. Depending on the size and the genetic characteristics of the species, the longevity of the enzyme proteins differed. This is especially observed in the enzyme activity of three enzymes tested, i.e. lipoxygenase, peroxidase and alpha–amylase. The germination rate only improved shortly after being coated and then declined steadily. The germination capacity therefore depends on the length of the storage period. The genetic adaptation of the different species coincided with the four soil types. It is therefore recommended that only species that are adapted to a certain soil type is used in rehabilitation and if the seed is coated, it should be sown shortly after the coating process and not be stored for long periods. It is also recommended to first treat the area with herbicide before any re–seeding takes place, especially if low concentrations of seeds are used. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Environmental Sciences))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Professional rugby union has grown to become the third most popular team contact sport in the world. The physical nature of the game results in a high prevalence of injuries on all levels of play. Injury prevalence as high as 83.9 injuries per 1000 playing hours has been reported for the 2007 Rugby World Cup in France. Although research indicates schoolboy rugby union to be safer than professional rugby, injury rates as high as 65.8 injuries per 1000 playing hours have been reported. These injuries are mostly caused by the tackle situation, with the knee– and shoulder–joints being the most injured site. The risk of injuries in rugby union is heightened by professionalism, previous injuries, higher training demands, intrinsic factors and psychological issues. Due to the professional nature the game has taken on, the management of rugby union injuries has become increasingly more important. This should include prehabilitation or injury prevention programs, rehabilitation up until the final, sport specific phase as well as structured return to play testing. Another important aspect of injury management is the education of coaches, players and other persons involved in the sport. Objectives The first objective of the study was to observe the prevalence and nature of injuries in South African schoolboy rugby union players. Secondly, the treatment of these injuries was observed as well as the return to play criteria used to determine readiness to return to play after injury. The association between the treatment of injuries and the severity of injuries was then obtained. Lastly re–injury prevalence was compared to treatment received and return to play criteria used to determine readiness. Methods Ten schools from across South Africa partook in the study. The schools were all identified by the NWU–PUK as elite schools due to performances in the previous year (2008). Only the first team squad of each school was participated, amounting to a total number of 194 boys answering questionnaires conducted by the researcher for each of their injuries. The questionnaires included injury severity and site, recurrence of injury, cause of injury, treatment procedures and criteria used for return to play. Severity was defined in terms of game and training days missed due to injury and are describe as slight (0 – 1 day), minimal (2 - 3 days), mild (4 - 7 days), moderate (8 - 28 days) or severe (>28 days). The results were then analyzed and presented through descriptive statistics. Statistical significance was indicated by p <= 0.05. Practical significance was described by the Phi–coefficient. The practical significance indicated by phi, was indicated as large if phi >= 0.5. Results A total number of 118 injuries were reported amounting to 78.51 injuries per 1000 playing hours. New injuries accounted for 68.64% (n=81) while recurrent injuries was reported to be 31.36% (n=37). The most frequent site of injury was the knee (n=26), followed by the shoulder (n=21). The event leading to injury that was most frequently reported, was the tackle (including making the tackle and being tackled) (n=49). Most injuries were slight (48%) but a high rate of moderate and severe injuries (39%) were reported. These moderate to severe injuries resulted in a minimum total of 360 days missed. Severe injuries were more likely to be treated by a doctor. Treatment by a doctor for severe injuries indicated the only significance in the study (p = 0.7). No fixed return to play protocol was in place for deciding if a player should be allowed to return to play. Thirteen of the injuries were however investigated through further testing (either through isokinetic or on–field testing). Conclusion Injury prevalence amongst top teams in South African schoolboy rugby union is very high. Rehabilitation does not follow a structured program or guidelines and there is no definite return to play protocols available. Re–injury rates are high, possibly due to the lack of structured rehabilitation and return to play protocols. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Biokinetics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

The primary impacts of mining on the environment include the deterioration of soil properties and the loss of vegetation cover and density, often leading to increased erosion. In order to encumber further degeneration of such ecosystems and all subsequent other negative environmental impacts, active rehabilitation practices are often implemented. Active rehabilitation involves the introduction of species by different re–seeding (re–vegetation) methodologies. A higher vegetation cover and density is needed to increase soil quality, combat erosion and contribute to species richness, diversity and ground cover. Several Acts regarding environmental legislation and the conservation of the natural resource in South Africa are used to ensure that sustainable development, rehabilitation and effective environmental management of disturbed areas are enforced. Legislation therefore provides a measure to prevent pollution and ecological degradation, promotes conservation, secure ecologically sustainable development and the use of natural resources, while promoting justifiable economic and social development. Legislation also enforces and regulates the remediation of disturbed ecosystems, such as the rehabilitation of mine tailing areas. Some of this legislation mentioned above is described in the thesis. Species selected for the compilation of seed mixtures for re–seeding and re–vegetation purposes should comply with the standards determined by the regional biodiversity framework where the disturbed area is situated. Only seed of species with non–invasive potential, that are adapted to the specific environmental conditions and have specific genetic traits, should be included in the seed mixture for rehabilitation. Since seed from local ecotype species are often not available, seed companies use seed from especially grass species that might be adapted to the environmental conditions and type of disturbance or degradation to help remediate the poor soil conditions and improve the vegetation cover. The problem is that if the morphological and physiological aspects of the seed type have not been researched properly, it may lead to poor germination and establishment results when used for the rehabilitation of certain degraded and disturbed areas, such as rangelands or mine tailings. Advance Seed Company tries to enhance seed by adding a coating around the caryopsis (grass seed) for better germination and establishment rates. Such seeds are then referred to as “enhanced” or “coated” seed. The term “seed” will be used throughout the dissertation to describe the whole, intact caryopsis (e.g. Anthephora pubescens). The coatings normally refer to the physical enhancements of the seeds by the application of a water–soluble lime–based coating, which may contain nutrients, fungicides, pesticides and other polymers. This study focused on the evaluation of the germination– and establishment rates in four soil types (growth mediums), as well as the activity of three growth enzymes on coated seed of three grass species, namely Anthephora pubescens, Cynodon dactylon and Panicum maximum. Advanced Seed Company provided the seeds for the three selected grass species that were coated with their newly developed certified formulae. Experimental trails were carried out in the laboratory and greenhouses (controlled conditions) at the North West University and in the field (uncontrolled conditions) at the four locations representing the different soil types, namely the clayey and sandy soils at Taaibosbult near Potchefstroom and the platinum (alkaline growth medium) and gold mine tailings (acidic growth medium) near Rustenburg and Stilfontein respectively. Detailed soil analysis was carried out by certified soil laboratories in Potchefstroom and seed purity, viability and quality determined by the Plant Protection Institute in Pretoria. The results from the greenhouse and the field trials differed significantly for all seed types (coated and uncoated) of the three grass species in the four soil types. The germination and establishment rates in both the greenhouse (controlled conditions) and field (uncontrolled conditions) trials were overall very low. The latter can also be ascribed to the competition with other weed species that were present in the soil seed bank before re–seeding, as well as the predation by ants and guinea fowls in especially the field trials of the sandy and clayey soils. Due to the absence of competition in the field trials on the mine tailings, the germination and establishment rates were higher for most grass species. The quality of the seed batches as supplied by Advance Seed Company was not very good. Although the purity was high, many dead seeds were found, especially for Panicum maximum. The germination and establishment rates of Antephora pubescens of the uncoated seed was higher in the sandy, platinum and gold mine tailings soil types in both the uncontrolled field and controlled greenhouse trials and low for both seed types (coated and uncoated) in the clayey soils. Cynodon dactylon had higher germination and establishment rates for especially the gold mine tailings soil in the field trials for both seed types, as well as the sandy soils under controlled conditions in the greenhouse. Both rates were lower in the sand– and clayey soils field trials. The germination rates for Panicum maximum for both seed types were similar for the clay and sandy soil types, but very low in the soils from the mine tailings, especially under controlled conditions in the greenhouse trials. The germination and establishment rates for both seed types of this species were however much higher in the field trials at both the gold and platinum mine tailings, mainly due to the absence of competition. No results for Panicum maximum were obtained from the field trials on the clay soils due to management and maintenance problems. The peroxidise enzyme activity was higher in the coated seed of Antephora pubescens, but lower in both seed types of Cynodon dactylon and Panicum maximum. The alpha amylase enzyme activity was high in the coated seed of Antephora pubescens and both seed types of Panicum maximum, but low in both seed types of Cynodon dactylon. The activity of the lipoxygenase enzyme was higher in all the coated seed of all three grass species that were used in this study. It also appears as if the storage period played a significant role in the germination of the species, especially after and during the seed coating process, as it had a negative effect on the physiology of the seed. In all species, a higher rate of gaseous exchange was observed in the uncoated seed types. However, the water content of the seed types differed between the seed types. Depending on the size and the genetic characteristics of the species, the longevity of the enzyme proteins differed. This is especially observed in the enzyme activity of three enzymes tested, i.e. lipoxygenase, peroxidase and alpha–amylase. The germination rate only improved shortly after being coated and then declined steadily. The germination capacity therefore depends on the length of the storage period. The genetic adaptation of the different species coincided with the four soil types. It is therefore recommended that only species that are adapted to a certain soil type is used in rehabilitation and if the seed is coated, it should be sown shortly after the coating process and not be stored for long periods. It is also recommended to first treat the area with herbicide before any re–seeding takes place, especially if low concentrations of seeds are used. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Environmental Sciences))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Of back problems experienced in adolescence, scoliosis is the most frequent (Bradford et al, 1987; Lancard-Dusek et al, 1991). Several studies have been conducted to determine the effect of exercise on back pain. The results indicated that certain regimes are more successful than others. The purpose of this study was to determine wether a corrective exercise programme, which was intensively and aggressively applied, will have a positive effect on adolescent scoliosis subjects. The subjects were divided, randomly, into a control and rehabilitation group. The rehabilitation group followed an eight week programme comprising 24 sessions. Both groups were evaluated at session zero (0) and session twenty four (24). A t-test for homogeneity was done at day zero, between the two groups for the variables V3 to V8. The results indicated homogeneity (P>0-05). A paired t-test was done for group one; indicating that there was a meaningful difference in all the variables; except for standing height (P>0*05). For group two the test indicates a meaningful difference for degrees, standing height and lateral flexion. A t-test at day 24 indicated a meaningful difference for degrees and lateral flexion. This indicates that the group which had followed the programme had improved whilst the control group had deteriorated. AFRIKAANS : Van die rug probleme ondervind by jeugdiges,, is skoliose die mees veelvuldig (Bradford et al, 1987; Lancas-Dusek et al, 1991). Verskeie studies is reeds gedoen wat die effek van oefening op die rug evalueer. Die resultate dui aan dat van die programme meer suksesvol is as ander. Die doel van die studie was om te bepaal of 'n korrektiewe oefenings program, wat intensief en aggresief toegepas is, 'n positiewe effek op geringe ado1essent skoliose individue sal hê. Die individue was willekeurig ingedeel in 'n kontrole en 'n rehabilitasie groep. Die rehabilitasie groep het 'n agt weke program gevolg van 24 sessies. Beide groepe was tydens sessie nul en sessie 24 ge-evalueer. 'n Toets vir homogeniteit was gedoen by dag nul, tussen die twee groepe, vir die veranderlikes V3 tat V8. Die resultate was homogeen (p>0-05). 'n Gepaarde t-toets vir groep een het aangedui dat daar 'n betekenisvolle verskil vir al die verander1ikes was; behalwe staande 1engte (p>0-05). Vir groep twee was daar 'n betekenisvolle verskil in grade, staande lengte en laterale fleksie. 'n T-toets op dag 24 het 'n betekenisvolle verskil vir laterale fleksie aangedui. Dit dui aan dat die groep wat die program gevolg het verbeter het, terwyl die kontrole groep agteruit gegaan het. Copyright / Dissertation (MA (MHS))--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Arts, Languages and Human Movement Studies Education / unrestricted

Section 41 of the MPRDA requires of mines to provide financial guarantees for the rehabilitation of mines. The contribution is revised annually. A mine must indicate that the guarantees are in place during the application for a mining permit or licences. A closure certificate will only be issued to a mine once all the requirements regarding rehabilitation are met. The polluter pays principle and the prevention principle lay the foundation for the financial provision regarding rehabilitation. The mine will be liable in the event that they do not prevent environmental degradation, pollution or damage. To avoid this liability the mine must rehabilitate properly to obtain a closure certificate. Financial guarantees can be provided for in different ways. In this dissertation trusts, closed cooperations and tax benefits involved are discussed. / Thesis (LL.M. (Environmental law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Section 41 of the MPRDA requires of mines to provide financial guarantees for the rehabilitation of mines. The contribution is revised annually. A mine must indicate that the guarantees are in place during the application for a mining permit or licences. A closure certificate will only be issued to a mine once all the requirements regarding rehabilitation are met. The polluter pays principle and the prevention principle lay the foundation for the financial provision regarding rehabilitation. The mine will be liable in the event that they do not prevent environmental degradation, pollution or damage. To avoid this liability the mine must rehabilitate properly to obtain a closure certificate. Financial guarantees can be provided for in different ways. In this dissertation trusts, closed cooperations and tax benefits involved are discussed. / Thesis (LL.M. (Environmental law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Doctor Educationis / ‘n Gevallestudie binne die kwalitatiewe metodologiese paradigma is gebruik om die hersiene Arbeidsterapiekurrikulum by die Universiteit van Wes-Kaapland te interpreteer. Die doel van die studie was om te bepaal hoe die hersiene kurrikulum aan die handelingsgerigte wetenskaplike raamwerk van die beroep, die gemeenskapsgebaseerde visie van die veranderde gesondheidsorgbenadering in Suid-Afrika na 1994, en aan die beginsels van studentgesentreerde opleiding voldoen. Eerstens, is konseptuele duidelikheid verkry omtrent die ontplooiende verwikkelinge in die Arbeidsterapieprofessie na ‘n teoretiese raamwerk van handelingsgerigte wetenskap en van transformasie van gesondheidsdienste in die land. Tweedens, deur die proses van konseptuele analise en deur die gebruik van dokumentêre analise, tematiese analise van studente se geskrewe evaluerings en ‘n fokusgroeponderhoud met Arbeidsterapiepersoneel, is die data ge-analiseer. Die konseptuele analise van die hersiene Arbeidsterapiekurrikulum het areas van kurrikulumstruktuur, onderrig en leer, studente-assessering, praktiese opleiding, personeel se professionele ontwikkeling en navorsing ingesluit. Vanuit die konseptuele analise is gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings gemaak. Die hoofgevolgtrekking wat na aanleiding van my interpretasie en bevinding in die Arbeidsterapiekurrikulummodel voorgestel word, is dat die Arbeidsterapiekurrikulum deur drie teoreties-opvoedkundige vertrekpunte naamlik: handelingsgerigte wetenskap, primêre gesondheidsorgbenadering en studentgesentreerde onderrigbenadering ondersteun word.