Statistics indicate that defects in brake system contribute significantly to fatal crashes involving commercial vehicles. Hence there is a need for developing preventive and active safety measures for assessing the performance of an air brake system in trucks. Existing techniques for assessing the performance of brakes are infrastructure intensive, time and labor intensive. The premise of this thesis is that model-based diagnostic techniques can be employed to overcome these limitations of existing tech- niques. The design of a model-based diagnostic system requires the development and experimental corroboration of a mathematical model of the evolution of pressure in each brake chamber of a truck in response to the application of brake pedal input by the driver, when there are no faults or defects in the brake system. This thesis is aimed at modeling and experimentally corroborating a subsystem of an air brake system, namely the pneumatic relay valve. The pneumatic relay valve takes a input signal from the primary delivery of a treadle valve and meters air from a storage reservoir to Type 30 rear brake chambers. A description of the development of the model, the experimental setup and corroborating experimental results are provided.

No description available.

none

No description available.

Dans cette thèse, nous avons proposé et étudié une implémentation pratique du protocole DDF pour des relais auto-configurables au niveaux lien et système. Cette implémentation pratique, basée sur du codage correcteur d'erreur et une segmentation de la trame émise (comme pour les mécanismes d'HARQ), est combinée avec différents schémas de relayage tels que le Monostream, l'Alamouti Distribué ou encore les Rotations Distribuées.Nous avons montré que ces trois schémas atteignent les mêmes ordres de macro et micro diversité. L'ordre de micro diversité se réfère au gain qui peut être acquis via les coefficients d'évanouissement court-terme. Nous avons défini l'ordre de macro diversité comme le nombre de sources desquelles toute l'information peut être entièrement décodée sans l'aide des autres sources. De plus, nous avons prouvé que les trois schémas de relayage permettent d'atteindre de meilleures performances que le cas sans relais, leurs performances ne diffèrent qu'en terme de gain de codage: le DA DDF a de meilleure performance que le DR DDF, qui lui-même à de meilleures performances que le Monostream DDF. Cependant, les évaluations système ont montré que ce gain de codage n'est pas significatif au niveau système. Cela montre que la métrique pertinente à optimiser pour améliorer les performances est l'ordre de macro diversité atteignable par le protocole; c'est à dire que le gain le plus important apporté par le relayage est un gain de rapport signal à bruit long-terme. Nous avons donc proposé la technique de Patching pour augmenter l'ordre de macro diversité atteignable par une transmission. Cette technique vise à augmenter le nombre de bits transmis par le relais jusqu'au nombre de bits d'information contenus dans le message. Quand cette technique de Patching est combinée aux codes spatio-temporels, elle permet d'améliorer à la fois l'ordre de macro diversité et l'ordre de micro diversité. Cette technique de Patching a aussi été utilisée sur le canal à interférence et relais pour lequel nous avons introduit l'usage d'un protocole DDF précodé par un relais partagé par plusieurs paires source/destination. Dans ce cas, le Patching a pour but d'améliorer les performances par rapport au cas avec précodeur uniquement, et ce en maximisant le nombre de symboles précodés par relais. Les gains résultants de ces nombreuses variations de notre implémentation pratique du protocole DDF sont finalement décrits au niveau système pour un déploiement macro-cellulaire en zone urbaine, et pour un déploiement indoor, en considérant deux applications : une transmission unicast, par exemple du téléchargement sur internet, ou encore de la diffusion, de la télévision par exemple. Les résultats montrent que le Monostream DDF permet d'atteindre de bonnes performances tout en garantissant que la source et la destination n'ont pas conscience de la présence du relais dans le système. Par conséquent, ce protocole est un candidat intéressant pour le déploiement massif de relais auto-configurables dans les réseaux sans fil. / Relaying has been proposed as an efficient solution to increase transmission reliability by providing spatial diversity, and to increase transmission efficiency. Among the wide variety of existing relaying protocols proposed for the relay channel, we are interested in the Dynamic Decode and Forward (DDF) protocol as it outperforms all previously defined forwarding strategies in terms of Diversity Multiplexing Tradeoff. When using the DDF protocol, the relay assits the transmission only if it correctly decodes the sent message before the destination. We propose a practical implementation of this DDF protocol based on channel coding for hybrid automatic repeat request.Then, we define and study two relaying schemes for the relay channel that can be used when the source is relay-unaware: the Monostream scheme and the Distributed Alamouti scheme. The performance of these proposed relaying schemes for the DDF protocol are derived for open-loop and closed-loop transmissions. After defining the macro diversity order achieved by a transmission, we derived upper bounds on the achievable macro and micro diversity orders of these DDF protocols when the transmitting nodes use finite symbol alphabet. We proposed a so-called Patching technique in order to increase this achievable macro diversity order still guaranteeing that the source is relay-unaware. This Patching technique aims at increasing the number of bits transmitted by the relay up to the number of information bits in the message. This technique is also combined with Space Time Block Codes in order to improve both the achievable macro and micro diversity orders. This Patching technique has also been applied over the Interference Relay Channel where we introduce the use of a precoded DDF protocol at a relay shared by several source/destination pairs. We use the Patching technique in order to increase the achieved performance. The gain resulting from the use of these various derivations of the DDF protocol are finally observed at the system level for two scenarios: a macro cellular network over urban area and an indoor network, combined with two applications: a unicast transmission, e.g., web browsing, and a broadcasting transmission, e.g., video broadcasting. The results show that the Monostream relaying scheme for the DDF protocol provides good performance while allowing both the source and the destination to be relay-unaware. Consequently, the Monostream DDF is a promising protocol for the deployment of plug-and-play relays in wireless systems.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 28-31, 1996 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California / The Defense Evaluation Support Activity (DESA) is an independent Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) activity that provides tailored evaluation support to government organizations. DESA provides quick-response support capabilities and performs activities ranging from studies to large-scale field activities that include deployment, instrumentation, site setup, event execution, analysis and report writing. As the applications of computer systems has dramatically increased in recent year a corresponding increased has ocurred in the data processing needs of test orgznization. One client in particular wanted the realtime ability to track the performance of a country-wide communications system. Commercially developed networking software and hardware were employed to facilitate this requirement. To enhance DESA's off range test support capability a DESA system named SYSCON 2000 has been under steady development for the last five years. In particular the ability to use multiple voice grade telephone lines to create a wideband data channel from almost anywhere has been developed and refined. Link flexibility has been enhanced by the use of dedicated, COTS RF spread-spectrum links, cellular telephones, and other transmission media. The current version of SYSCON 2000 supports test director virtual presence via live data displays and video teleconferencing capability.

In this thesis new methods are presented to achieve performance enhancement in wireless cooperative networks. In particular, techniques to improve diversity gain, throughput and minimise the transmission delay are described. A buffer-aided amplify-and-forward max-link relay selection scheme for both symmetric and asymmetric channels is introduced. This approach shows that the max-link scheme is most effective over the traditional max-SNR scheme when the source-to-relay and relay-to-destination links are symmetric. The closed form expressions for the outage probability and average packet delay of the proposed scheme under both symmetric and asymmetric channel configurations is derived. The diversity order and the coding gain of the AF max-link scheme is analytically provided. Then a novel relay selection scheme with significantly reduced packet delay is proposed. Both the outage performance and average packet delay of the proposed scheme are analysed. The analysis shows that, besides the diversity and coding gains, the proposed scheme has average packet delay similar to that of a non buffer-aided relay system when the channel SNR is sufficiently high thereby. A novel buffer-aided link selection scheme based on network-coding in a multiple hop relay network is proposed. Compared with existing approaches, the proposed scheme significantly increases the system throughput. This is achieved by applying data buffers at the relays to decrease the outage probability and using network-coding to increase the data rate. The closed-form expressions of both the average throughput and packet delay are derived. The proposed scheme has not only significantly higher throughput than both the traditional and existing buffer-aided max-link scheme, but also smaller average packet delay than the max-link scheme. A decode-and-forward buffer-aided relay selection for the underlay cognitive relay networks in the presence of both primary transmitter and receiver is presented. A novel buffer aided relay selection scheme for the cognitive relay network is proposed, where the best relay is selected with the highest signal-to-interference-ratio among all available source-to-relay and relay-to-destination links while keeping the interference to the primary destination within a certain level. A closed-form expression for the outage probability of the proposed relay selection scheme is obtained. Finally, A novel security buffer-aided decode-and-forward cooperative wireless networks is considered. An eavesdropper which can intercept the data transmission from both the source and relay nodes is considered to threaten the security of transmission. Finite size data buffers are assumed to be available at every relay in order to avoid having to select concurrently the best source-to-relay and relay-to-destination links. A new max-ratio relay selection policy is proposed to optimise the secrecy transmission by considering all the possible source-to-relay and relay-to-destination links and selecting the relay having the link which maximises the signal to eavesdropper channel gain ratio. Two cases are considered in terms of knowledge of the eavesdropper channel strengths: exact and average gains, respectively. Closed-form expressions for the secrecy outage probability for both cases are obtained. The proposed max-ratio relay selection scheme is shown to outperform one based on max-min-ratio relay scheme.

No description available.

A substation must be properly protected against lightning and other external effects to the equipment in the station or staff, for that we use relay protection. They should also protect against internal errors which may occur as ground faults. There are different types of protection relays, but most common are overcurrent-, distance-, residual current- and differential protection. The purpose of this thesis was to deepen our knowledge of relay protection and to use the theoretical knowledge we got from the university studies in the work process. In the process we discovered which parameters were the most essential and calculated these for all relay protections on the substation. We also carry out a comparison between two brands of relay protection, ABB and Alstom. During our work we will test and simulate the over-current relays in a program called NEPLAN, the program will also calculate the fault currents. It was also supposed to test the other protection types, but we were limited to over-current protection when the software license didn´t apply to the other. In our work we will include much theoretical material with information about the components around the protections and substation and the calculations that’s included.

This thesis is split into two parts: first a statistical analysis of multi-hop MIMO relay networks, followed by a simulation of the perfomance of a P25 SISO multi-hop relay network. The basis of the MIMO section is the developement of an end to end statistical model of the multiple relay channel. This end to end model simplifies the statistics involved, making the analysis of systems with large numbers of relays and antennas more practical. A partial system model is obtained. This is exact for a multiple input single output network and can be used to describe the received signal at a single antenna in a multiple output system. We go on to look at the relationship between end to end system parameters and the paramters of individual inter-relay channels. The SISO section contains a characterisation of BER for P25 relay chains. The effect of the SNR at each relay node, the nature of the channel and the number of relay hops on the BER is determined. Furthermore, the performance trends are compared for a range of common relaying protocols, including amplify and forward and two types of decode and forward.