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The purposes were (1) to determine student attitudes concerning the cause, frequency, method, and punishment of academically dishonest behavior, (2) to determine current behavioral patterns concerning the origin, method, frequency, and student reactions to academically dishonest behavior, and (3) to determine the role of denominational affiliation, religious participation, satisfaction with religious involvement, and importance of religious development in relationship to the practice of academic dishonesty.

This dissertation explores shifting ethical and religious relationships with water in a context of socio-ecological transformation. Between 2016-2019 I conducted eighteen months of fieldwork with farmers and fishers in a polyethnic and multi-religious village on a riverine island in the Sundarbans delta of West Bengal, India. Hindu, Muslim, and Christian migrants and refugees from different parts of eastern India and present-day Bangladesh have settled on the island over the past 150 years, transforming the space from mangrove swamps into habitable agrarian terrain. Today, the low-lying island is on the frontlines of global climate change. This dissertation considers the ethical and religious relationships people have formed with water in this setting over time, as well as engagements with water technologies and infrastructures; with plants and animals like fish and crocodiles; and with aquatic deities, ghosts, and spirits. I argue that people’s senses of moral personhood are constituted through their relationships with the more-than-human world, and that shifts in these relationships linked to capitalist modernity and climate change generate new ethical dilemmas and debates. Employing ethnographic and archival methods, I chart bodily experiences of water and affective relationships with water over time. I argue that the Sundarbans’ waterscape has emerged historically as a common reservoir of ethical orientation for Hindus, Muslims, Christians. Shared forms of belief and practice, such as ritual offerings to local deities when fishing, have generated local forms of place-based belonging that exceed bounded articulations of religious and ethnic difference. At present, however, relationships with water are transforming in unprecedented ways. Such changes are linked to the economization and privatization of water; groundwater scarcity; infrastructure projects such as bridges; NGO and government water initiatives; climate change impacts; and currents of religious reform that problematize established modes of ethico-religious engagement with water as “superstition.” These changes have rendered water a deeply contested substance. Further, because of the intimacy of people’s bodily experiences with water, these changes are apprehended through the senses and encountered in both material and affective ways, generating rippling effects on concepts of human and more-than-human agency, moral personhood, and environmental ethics more broadly. / 2025-06-16T00:00:00Z

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This thesis seeks to expand the self-critical resources of contemporary theological economic ethics by bringing the method of a pre-modern theologian and social commentator, Martin Luther (1483-1546), into interaction with that of a modern contribution to social ethics, the Swiss theologian Arthur Rich (1910-92). This thesis is the first substantial treatment in English of Rich’s magnum opus, Wirtschaftsethik. The demonstration of the thesis is undertaken by a close engagement with a selected publication of Luther (his 1519/20 Großer Sermon von dem Wucher) and of Rich (his masterwork, Wirtschaftsethik, published in two volumes in 1984 and 1990 respectively). The thesis does not simply describe Luther’s and Rich’s economic ethics, but demonstrates the way in which they operate, that is, their method. An introduction sets out the thesis, and defends its method. Chapter 1 introduces Luther’s sermon on usury, and situates it in its context. It then gives a commentary on Luther’s method, discussing its genre, the way in which Luther deploys Scripture and exploits doctrines with respect to ethics, and his concept of the twofold government of God. It analyses how Luther brings these theological motifs to bear on a particular economic question. Chapter 2 sketches Arthur Rich’s life and work, and presents Rich’s method as set out in Wirtschaftsethik. It discusses his understanding of ethics, his approach to Scripture, and his adoption of the thought of Max Weber and John Rawls. Chapter 3 brings our study of Luther to bear on Rich’s approach, noting strengths and weaknesses of Rich’s method. It questions some of Rich’s assumptions, and notes ways in which a more self-critical approach could have made his project more successful. A conclusion then summarises the argument, and makes tentative suggestions as to the wider applicability of the critical questions posed to Rich’s method by the analysis of Luther.

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Thesis (M. A.)--University of Canterbury, 2009. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-122). Also available via the World Wide Web.