An investigation was made into the isolation and screening of highly cellulolytic anaerobic fungi and their production of cellulolytic enzymes using immobilised rhizomycelia. A total of 46 anaerobic fungi were isolated on cellulosic substrates from ruminant and non-ruminant herbivores. Primary screening of these isolates was performed using dye release from cellulose-azure which qualitatively detected cellulolytic activity. Twelve isolates were chosen on the basis of their maximum solubilisation rates of the labelled cellulose and then subjected to secondary screening which involved the quantification of enzyme activity. The enzyme mixtures were characterised by carboxymethylcellulase, xylanase, B-glucosidase, B-xylosidase and cellobiase assays, measured by the production of either reducing sugars, p-nitrophenol or glucose. All strains produced a number of enzymes that allowed them to hydrolyse straw and highest enzyme activity was measured in static cultures grown on 0.5% straw. A monocentric isolate, Piromyces strain KSX1 from a red kangaroo, and a cattle polycentric isolate, Orpinomyces strain 478P1, were selected for study of cellulolytic enzyme production on the basis of high fibre digestion capability and amenability toward encapsulation. The immobilised polycentric strain proved to be operationally superior to strain KSX1 as strain 478P1 did not produce any viable growth in the culture liquor. Studies into single batch cultures of free cells of strains KSX1 and 478P1 revealed that the maximum specific rate of B-glucosidase production occurred concomitantly with maximum specific growth rate suggesting that the immobilised fungus must grow for continuous enzyme production to occur. Although the physiology of cellulase synthesis in strains KSX1 and 478P1 was found to be growth-associated, immobilisation of the fungus offered the advantage of the repeat-batch use of cells with the accumulation of extracellular enzymes after each batch. Thus, operational gains were the key issues in assessing the potential application of immobilised anaerobic fungi in the production of cellulolytic enzymes. The repeat-batch system was operationally more efficient than the free cell batch cultures because immobilisation removed the need of reculturing the cells for every single batch. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)