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L'E-réputation est un syntagme dont la construction laisse entendre que la révolution technologique dans les télécommunications assure une emprise sur la notion de réputation. Ce phénomène semble avoir une véritable existence dans la littérature, dans la doctrine et dans les sources normatives. Il s'agit d'une vérité sociale qui passe dans le langage et dans les pratiques juridiques. L'E-réputation nécessite d'étudier des notions juridiques distinctes de la réputation qui sont englobées par l'E-réputation, une fois confrontées à la dimension numérique. Cette analyse a pour ambition de : - dresser un schéma intelligible original des règles de droit mobilisables dans la résolution d'une problématique liée à l'E-réputation, - proposer une méthodologie de mise en œuvre de ces règles de droit qui combine les usages professionnels actuels et des propositions tirées des résultats de cette analyse / E-reputation is a syntagm whose construction suggests that the technological revolution in telecommunications ensures a grip on the notion of reputation. This phenomenon seems to have a real existence in literature, in doctrine and in normative sources. It is a social truth that pass in legal language and practice. E-reputation requires studying distinct legal notions of reputation that are encompassed by E-reputation, when faced with the digital dimension. This analysis aims to : - draw up an original intelligible diagram of the rules of law that can be mobilized in the resolution of a problem related to E-reputation, - propose a methodology for implementing these rules of law that combines current professional uses and proposals drawn from the results of this analysis

vVhy Venice? Venice was a republic in an age of monarchies, a stable political administration in an age of rebellions, a state of rigidly maintained social hierarchies in an age of social change, a political system which lionised liberty but had the most exclusive ruling elite in Western Europe. Its aristocracy was defined by political privilege and responsibility at a time when elite groups elsewhere were confused by the distance between the new priorities of the robe and the old ones of the sword. Yet at every level Venice had profound connections with the mainstream of European intellectual culture. Venice was used as both shining example and cautionary reminder by the age's most il1fluential political thinkers. By providing us with a model where the basic conditions of political and social life were the same as those in the rest of Western Europe but there were also preci~ely-identifiable differences, Venice serves as a testcase for assumptions about European culture and a partial exception that may help illuminate generalisations established elsewhere. Why honour? For some historians the study of mentality involves eliminating all that was unique and individual. However, any attempt to consider how ideas on honour affected behaviour, rather than simply how they affected other ideas, necessarily involves consideration of individual behaviour and of the fate of named individuals. The relatively small community of Venetian nobles, all clearly identified by name in ci vie birth records, are an ideal group for a prosopographical investigation. Honour leads us inexorably to indi vidual ac tion because ultimately it was the responsibility of individuals. It was a dynamic and unstable thing; its history cannot be a 'serial' analysis of repetitive events because it required the continual re-creation of meaning; the primary conc ern was not with facts but attributions. Honour was the value attached to a person by the community in which he or she lived. This community could be defined by geographical proxim_ity (as with the villages studied by anthropologists) or a shared legal status (as with Venetian nobles). Honour converted the respect shown by others into self-respect. Honourable men and women knew that others would 'confirm that [good] opinion they have of themselves'. Thus honour mediated between the individual and the collective: it was created by the interplay between them. To pay honour was to recognise a person's virt11 or status, to show a good opinion of rhem by an �exterior act of reverence'. Honour was an �external good'. Insofar as a man was worthy of it he could be considered ' honourable'. It was O\ved to individuals rather than possessed by them. It only existed when acknowledged socially. A man could not honour himself. Indeed treat ises discussed it as a quality of the man who paid honour (the honorante) as much as the man to whom it was paid (the honoraro). We might think of honour as a man's 'c redit ' , defined in sixteenth-century dictionaries as an aspect of reputation. This allows us to see how it could be something both owed to him and possessed by him (if only in potenti al). and how it could be a property of both the honorollfe and the honoroto simultaneously. Tn the early modern period men and women analysed honour as an abstract co ncept but behci.ved as if it was a commodity of immense material and sentimental value. It could be zained or lost, increased or forfeited . It concerned men and women, individuals and fa~1ilies in different ways. Thus a discussion of honour involves consideration of how nobles related to other individuals, to their families and to the state. Honour is referred to in every kind of written source from the early modern period because eve1y contact with another human being carried implications for it. In the context of early modern society this universality allows the historian to carry out one of his or her most important tasks: to connect thought and emotion with action, individuals with groups and different levels of culture with each other.

This study focuses on measuring the corporate reputation of an organisation within the information technology (IT) industry in South Africa. An empirical investigation was conducted to identify the elements that influence corporate reputation. The research design selected was a case study. For purposes of confidentiality, the organisation used in this dissertation will be referred to as The Group. There were three specific objectives to this study; firstly to identify the channels of communication between the organisation’s stakeholders; secondly to identify the specific elements that influence corporate reputation for each stakeholder group, and finally to provide The Group with recommendations to develop an investor-orientated image and reputation within the South African business environment. This research study consisted of four phases: initial qualitative exploratory research, problem finalisation and re-conceptualisation, quantitative data collection and finally analysis reporting. Stakeholders included in this study were The Group’s employees, The Group’s executive board, clients, non-clients, financial analysts, trade and business media, partners and suppliers, public relations houses and the general public. The main conclusions drawn from the study are that the channels of communication internally and externally to the organisation influence corporate reputation. The most important disseminators of information regarding The Group are its employees. Corporate communications, clients and the media also play a vital role in influencing corporate reputation. These stakeholders should be targeted to receive the bulk of the reputation improvement activities so that a change in their perceptions can be filtered through to the stakeholders. Four specific business processes have been identified that have an impact on corporate reputation, namely general business management, financial management, corporate marketing and corporate communications. Recommendations emanating from this study to improve corporate reputation within the IT industry suggest that The Group create a stronger public awareness. Communication initiatives need to assure stakeholders that The Group is performing well although the share price is low. An extensive black economic empowerment (BEE) programme will enhance the corporate reputation. Finally, The Group needs to agree on a set of actionable initiatives across corporate functions, marketplaces and service lines to enhance the corporate reputation. / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Communication Management / MCom / Unrestricted

This dissertation consists of three essays which examine topics at the intersection of law and finance. The first essay investigates the role of regulatory sanctions and reputational damage in financial markets. We study the impact of the announcement of enforcement of financial and securities regulation by the UK’s financial regulators on the market price of penalized firms. We find that reputational sanctions are very real: their stock price impact is on average almost 9 times larger than the financial penalties imposed. Furthermore, reputational losses are confined to misconduct that directly affects parties who trade with the firm (such as customers and investors). In the second essay we analyze the costs and benefits associated with secured creditor control in bankruptcy. We do it by studying the highly contested practice of UK pre-packs, where a deal to sell the business is agreed before publicly entering into bankruptcy. Contrary to widespread criticism that this procedure leads to collusion, we find no evidence of exploitation of conflict of interests and we find that it preserves the value of the business and maximizes recovery in circumstances in which a public announcement of bankruptcy would destroy value. In small businesses where secured creditors are concentrated the benefits of their control seem to outweigh the costs. Finally, in the last essay we examine whether mandatory shareholder voting prevents wealth destruction in corporate acquisitions. We study the UK setting where all large transactions must have shareholder approval. We observe that such Class 1 transactions always get consent. Nevertheless, there is a striking difference between the performance of acquirers between Class 1 and other transactions. The finding is most pronounced for transactions in a narrow neighbourhood of the size threshold, and is robust to a large set of controls for confounding effects.

acase@tulane.edu / 1 / Betul Mollahaliloglu

ABSTRACT This thesis investigates the stabilization activities of IPOs in Taiwan. Price stabilization is a legal form of stock price manipulation to prevent the transaction prices from falling below the offer price. However, the information about the implement of stabilization activities is not revealed to the public. Therefore, it is difficult to detect stabilization activities. With the proxy measure for stabilization proposed by Ruud (1993), we find that IPOs with initial returns around zero are probably stabilized IPOs. The stock prices of stabilized IPOs drop consistently two days after issuance due to the withdrawal of stabilization activities. Furthermore, we find that the stabilization activities are positively related to the underwriter reputation and price spread, and negatively related to the price volatility and firm size. This thesis confirms that price stabilization exists in Taiwan IPOs market.

This dissertation examines reputation, the belief of the decision maker about types of advisors, in incomplete information games with multiple advisors. The decision maker believes that an advisor can be one of two types – an advisor who is biased towards suggesting any particular advice (bad advisor) or an advisor who has the same preferences as the decision maker (good advisor). I explain why it is not always beneficial for the decision maker to seek advice from two advisors simultaneously compared to seeking advice from a single advisor. It is shown that a strong concern for one’s reputation not to be perceived as a bad advisor can make the good advisor sometimes give wrong advice. Also, if each type of advisor considers his future important, the decision maker is better off having a single advisor. Then I show that, when dealing with two advisors, it is better for the decision maker to seek advice simultaneously since the possibility of obtaining information is lower in sequential cheap talk. I also examine how an individual’s perception of what he thinks of himself (self-reputation) and what others think of him regarding his ability to resist temptation (perception of reputation) affect his actions. It is shown that higher self-reputation and higher perception of reputation help in making resolutions and keeping up with them both in the short and the long run. However, this result requires that individuals find it relatively easy to resist temptation. Also, even those who find it hard to resist temptation can sustain their resolution after telling friends about the resolution in the short run if they value the future more than the present.

Šio darbo tikslas yra nustatyti veiksnius, kurie įtakoją organizacijos reputaciją. Siekiant darbo tikslų atskleidimo iš pradžių buvos analizuojamos diferencijuotos ir analoginės mokyklų autorių mintys, ko pasėkoje buvo prieita prie teoretikų kaip Balmer, Bromley, Fombrun (diferencijuotos mokyklos atstovai), reputacijos koncepcijos, kuri pažymi, kad organizacijos reputacija yra įmonės ankstesnių veiksmų ir pasekmių atspindys, kuris parodo organizacijos gebėjimą paskirstyti rezultatą publikai. Ji laiko atžvilgiu yra ilgalaikiškesnė nei įvaizdis. Tuo tarpu įvaizdis gali būti greitai keičiamas ir melagingas, be to reputacija yra siejama publikos patirtimi su organizacija. Darbe taip pat atlikta organizacijos įvaizdžio ir identiteto koncepcijų analizė bei palyginimas su organizacijos reputacija, kadangi šios sąvokos yra glaudžiai susijusios ir dažnai painiojamos tarpusavyje. Organizacijos įvaizdis tai vidinės ir išorinės organizacijos publikos nuomonių bei pažiūrų visuma, o įmonės identitetas yra organizacijos savęs pristatymas, priklausantis nuo charakteristikų, kurios organizaciją pateikia savo elgesio pavyzdžiu, simbolių ir ryšių pagalba. Esminis skirtumas tarp šių koncepcijų yra tas, kad organizacijos identitetas tai būdas, kuriuo organizacijos nariai vertina savo organizaciją, įvaizdis tai būdas, kuriuo organizacija prisistato visuomenei ir reputacija tai būdas kuriuo visuomenė vertina organizaciją. Remiantis „Financial times“ bei „Fortune“, išskirti šeši pagrindiniai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the factors that have an influence over the reputation of organization. In order to achieve the goals of the paper the analysis of the authors’ thoughts from differential and analog schools has been made. The outcome of Balmer, Bromley, Fombrun (the representatives of differential school) is the concepts of reputation that signify that the reputation of organization is the result of past actions and that shows the capability of organization to allocate the result to the public. Reputation is more sustained than the image in terms of time. In addition image can be changed quickly and can be untrue; reputation on the other hand is more associated with the experience of organization. The analysis of organizational image and identity concepts has been made and a comparison with organizational reputation has been done. This has been done because these two concepts are associated and sometimes understood as synonyms. The image of organization is the summation of the inner and external public opinions; the identity is the presentation of organization, dependable on the characteristics that represent the organization by using symbols, examples and communications. The main difference between these concepts is that the identity of organization is a mean by which the members of organization value the organizations; the image is a mean by which organization presents itself to the society; reputation is a mean by which the society values the... [to full text]

abstract: Given the major investment young people make in earning and maintaining a peer reputation, our goal in this study was to explore the association between dimensions of negative and positive peer reputation in middle school and adjustment several years later, by the end of high school, among upper middle class youth. Prior research has shown negative reputations such as aggressive-disruptive and sensitive-isolated to be associated with maladjustment later in life, whereas reputations like popular and prosocial-leader have been related to positive future outcomes. However, there are contrary findings that reveal a more complex relationship between peer reputation and adjustment, showing certain “negative” reputations to be tied with better outcomes in some domains and the converse in others. Using a sample of middle school students, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to test a four-factor model of the Revised Class Play, a peer report measure on peer reputations. CFA findings supported the four-factor model with the following reputations: popular, prosocial, aggressive, and isolated. Structural equation models were used to predict 12th grade adjustment outcomes (academic achievement, psychopathology, substance use) from middle school peer reputation. Prosocial reputation in middle school was connected to higher academic achievement and fewer externalizing symptoms in 12th grade. Both prosocial and isolated peer reputation were negatively associated with alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use, whereas a popular reputation was related to higher levels of alcohol use. Middle school reputation did not predict internalizing symptoms in 12th grade. Findings are discussed in terms of adaptive and maladaptive adjustment outcomes associated with each peer reputation and implications for future research. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Psychology 2016