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A operação segura e confiável de usinas nucleares não depende só da excelência técnica do projeto e construção, mas também das pessoas e da organização. Por essa razão, a importância dos fatores organizacionais nos mecanismos causais de acidentes tem sido reconhecida por uma série de organizações de pesquisas na Europa, EUA e Japão. Deficiências nesses fatores revelam fragilidades na cultura de segurança da organização. Uma preocupação básica na avaliação de uma cultura de segurança é garantir que os instrumentos de pesquisa sejam válidos e confiáveis. Nas áreas de saúde e de segurança do trabalho há uma série de instrumentos para avaliar a cultura de segurança, para os quais são apresentados estudos de suas proporiedades psicométricas (confiabilidade e validade), mas muito pouco com essas qualidades na área nuclear. No caso específico do Brasil, nenhum. Portanto, o principal objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um modelo capaz de avaliar com medidas válidas e confiáveis a cultura de segurança de instalações nucleares. O instrumento de pesquisa foi desenvolvido com base em princípios psicométricos estabelecidos para pesquisas quantitativas e, portanto, foram realizadas a análise da confiabilidade e as validações de conteúdo, de face e de construto. O instrumento foi aplicado nos institutos de pesquisa da Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN), obtendo-se um total de 226 questionários respondidos. Os resultados da pesquisa possibilitaram caracterizar demograficamente os respondentes e identificar muitos aspectos fortalecidos, mas também algumas fragilidades na cultura de segurança dos institutos avaliados. O instrumento apresentou boas evidências de confiabilidade com o coeficiente alpha de Cronbach de 0,95 para o instrumento como um todo. A validação de construto foi realizada por meio de uma análise fatorial utilizando-se a Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP) e rotação fatorial ortogonal Varimax. Os resultados da análise fatorial permitiram concluir que o instrumento possui boas evidências de validade de construto, mas também sugeriram alguns ajustes no caso de uma nova aplicação do instrumento. / The safe and reliable operation of nuclear power plants does not depend only on technical excellence, but also it depends on people and on the organization. For this reason, the importance of organizational factors in causal mechanisms of accidents has been recognized by a number of research organizations in Europe, USA and Japan. Deficiencies in these factors reveal weaknesses in the organization\'s safety culture. A primary concern in evaluating a safety culture is to ensure that research instruments are valid and reliable. In the areas of occupational health and safety there are series of tools to evaluate the safety culture that present studies of its psychometric properties (reliability and validity), but very few of these qualities in the nuclear area. In the specific case of Brazil, none of these tools exist. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to develop a model to assess the safety culture in nuclear facilities with valid and reliable measures. The survey instrument was developed in accordance with the psychometric principles established for quantitative research and thus were held to analyze the reliability and validation of content, face and construct. The instrument was applied in the research institutes of the Brazilian Nuclear Energy National Commission (CNEN), yielding a total of 226 completed questionnaires answered. The survey results made it possible to characterize demographically the respondents and identify many strengthened aspects, but also some weaknesses in the safety culture of the evaluated institutions. The instrument showed good evidence of reliability with Cronbach\'s alpha coefficient 0,95 for the total instrument. The construct validation was performed by means of a factor analysis with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) extraction method and Varimax orthogonal factor rotation. Although factor analysis results have shown that the instrument has good evidence of construct validity, some adjustments in case of a new application of the instrument have also been suggested.

As a result of growing attention in cross-cultural research, existing measurement instruments developed in one language are being translated and adapted for use in other languages and cultural contexts. The benefits of having the same instrument across cultures can only be realized if the process of translation and adaptation of the measurement instruments produces measurement operations that function similarly across national and cultural boundaries. Producing invariant measurement instruments that assess educational and psychological constructs provide a way of testing the cross-cultural generality of theories that include these constructs. The major purposes of the study were to translate and adapt the Teaching Perspectives Inventory (Pratt, 1992, 1990) from English to Bahasa Malaysia and compare the psychometric properties of the two versions. The TPI is an instrument developed by Pratt (1992) to ascertain the different conceptions that teachers in higher education have about teaching. The TPI has 45 items, which are divided into five subscales or perspectives referred to as Transmission, Apprenticeship, Developmental, Nurturing, and Social Reform. The first phase of this study translated and adapted the TPI from English into the Malay language of Malaysia or Bahasa Malaysia (BM) using multiple approaches as recommended by the International Test Commission. The approaches used to translate the TPI included forward and back translations, an expert panel review, a pilot study, and cognitive interviews. In the translation process, three initial translators, two back translators, and six expert panel members, including the researcher, came up with a pre-final version of the Malay TPI. During the translation process, two items were found to contain expressions that had no exact equivalent forms in Malay: "virtuoso performers" and "higher ideals." Overall, translating the TPI was a challenging task due to the relatively large number of items in the instrument (45) as well as the complexity and very abstract nature of the constructs. Many of the words and expressions that were brief and concise in the English version became longer and more verbose when translated in Malay. As a result, the translated TPI version appeared longer than the original version. Pilot testing with 25 native speakers of Malay who were faculty members from a number of public universities in Malaysia revealed nine items that needed modification. Cognitive interviewing with five participants from the pilot group revealed one item requiring a change by adding a borrowed word "novis" in brackets next to the Malay expressions, which refers to the original word novice. Due to the confusion with the words referring to `people' in many of the items, additional instructions were added at the beginning of the survey to ensure that the participants responded according to the original intention of the items, which focuses on learners in the faculty's specific classroom context instead of people in the society in general. Following changes to the TPI, this instrument was administered in phase two to a Malaysian sample of 561 faculty. In the second phase, the study assessed the psychometric properties of the original English version of the TPI with 605 faculty in the U. S. and the translated TPI version of the TPI with the Malaysian sample. The overall internal consistency reliability of both the English (α=.88) and the Malay TPI (α=.93) appeared to be adequate. At the subscale level, the internal consistency reliabilities of all the scales were on the lower side considering the large number of items (9) for each subscale (range = .67 to .83 for the U. S. and .59 to .81 for Malaysia). It was found that three out of the five subscales of the U. S. and Malay TPI had similar alpha reliabilities (Apprenticeship, Nurturing, Social Reform). To assess the cross-cultural factorial validity and measurement invariance of the TPI, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was carried out for both the original and the Malay TPI. The sample size for the U. S. group was 605 and the Malay group was 561. The fit for both the U. S. and the Malay correlated five-factor models was less than adequate with the Malay model showing a much worse fit. Correlated errors were found between 64 item pairs in the U. S. model and 389 item pairs in the Malay model. The correlations between the five perspectives in the Malay sample were much higher than those in the U. S. sample suggesting that the perspectives had limited discriminant validity. For example, the correlations between the Nurturing and Developmental perspectives and Nurturing and Social Reform perspectives were 1.0. The inadequate fit of the five-factor correlated model in the Malaysian sample and the minimally acceptable fit in the U. S. sample led to the decision to carry out analyses and compare the groups one subscale at a time. Model modifications for each subscale of both samples were carried out to improve the fit by adding one or more parameters (i.e., correlated errors) for each subscale model to obtain acceptable baseline models. The results of the invariance testing for each subscale did not support the existence of measurement invariance. Overall, the results indicate that the Malay version of the TPI is not ready for use and additional translation and adaptation work is recommended. Future efforts could incorporate improvements in the translation process in the form of recruiting a larger number of certified translators who have in-depth knowledge of teaching in higher education as well as a deep knowledge of the philosophy and purposes behind the TPI. Additional cognitive interviews before and after pretesting and pilot testing of the pre-final version are recommended. Finally, adding a large sample of bilingual educators who would complete both the Malay and English versions of the TPI would provide important psychometric data on the equivalence of the TPI items.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:07:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ADRIANA DURIEUX.pdf: 889159 bytes, checksum: e4d09446d01502fa5a9943b69f6449f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of this study was to validate the instrument 'CADE Q.' - questionnaire to assess knowledge about coronary artery disease in patients with CAD programs in cardiopulmonary and metabolic rehabilitation. This study describes a field used two approaches to analysis and interpretation of data: qualitative and quantitative. The sample consisted of three groups: group I, consisting of 10 professionals from the Health and Human Movement Sciences and 20 subjects, Masters Course Human Movement Science, the UDESC, group II, comprised of 30 patients with CAD , 26 male (86.7%) and four females (13.3%) (Pilot Study), group III consists of 155 patients diagnosed with CHD, 114 men (73.5%) and 41 female (26.5 %). We used two research instruments: a questionnaire for the characterization of the patient and questionnaire 'CADE Q.', consisting of 19 items self-administered. Patients scored only one alternative in each question, four possible. The specific scores for the alternatives are: correct = 3; incomplete = 1; wrong = 0; not know = 0. The maximum score for each patient is 57 points. The results of the study were: mean age = 60.9 years (36/86 } 9.26). 67.7% of patients interviewed are aged between 51 to 70 years. The average time of diagnosis is 96 months (1 / 480 } 106.58). It was observed that 59.4% of patients surveyed were diagnosed more than three years. The average time a patient remains in a cardiac rehabilitation program is 33.5 months (1 / 360 } 46.21). It is noteworthy that 45.9% of patients are in the range 01 to 12 months in a rehabilitation program. The venue for the program is distributed in 60% in public schools and 40% in the private network. Most patients (56.1%) have family income between 1 and 10 minimum wages. Most patients surveyed (60%) have level of education among elementary school and high school. The sample size was considered satisfactory for validation of the instrument. It was found that the majority of patients surveyed have experience both in the question about the diagnosis program. It was deemed acceptable to good level of knowledge of the patients surveyed. The level of knowledge by gender indicated that male sample (75.5%) has greater knowledge than females (60.9%). The level of knowledge by age showed no significant difference. Regarding the level of knowledge by family income, it was observed that the higher the income the higher the patient's level of knowledge. The same trend occurred in the analysis of knowledge by level of education. The level of knowledge in relation to comorbidities, patients who have a pathology associated with CHD have a higher level of knowledge compared to those without any comorbidity. The validation of clarity attended eight construction requirements of items (questions + answers), twelve possible, and the quantity of items. The adaptation of CADE 'Q' met the criteria of content validity. Construct validity, the factorial solution was not adequate, because the items of the instrument presented multidimensional characteristics, including, in most cases, more than one area of knowledge. The internal consistency showed values of α = 0.68, suggesting some commonality between the issues. The reliability of the instrument was evaluated by test-retest ICC of 0.783 presented, demonstrating the stability of the instrument. It can be argued, therefore, that the validation of the CADE 'Q' has shown the level of knowledge of the patients studied and the instrument high degree of clarity. / O objetivo deste estudo foi validar o instrumento CADE Q. questionário para avaliar o conhecimento sobre a Doença Arterial Coronariana em pacientes com DAC em programas de reabilitação cardiopulmonar e metabólico. Este estudo descritivo de campo utilizou duas abordagens para análise e interpretação dos dados: qualitativa e quantitativa. A amostra foi constituída por três grupos: grupo I: formado por 10 profissionais da área de Saúde e Ciências do Movimento Humano e 20 sujeitos, mestrandos do curso Ciência do Movimento Humano, da UDESC; grupo II: formado por 30 pacientes com diagnóstico de DAC, 26 masculinos (86,7%) e quatro femininos (13,3%) (Estudo Piloto); grupo III: constituído por 155 pacientes com diagnóstico de DAC, 114 masculinos (73,5%) e 41 femininos (26,5%). Foram utilizados dois instrumentos de pesquisa: um questionário para a caracterização do paciente e o questionário CADE Q. , composto por 19 itens autopreenchíveis. Os pacientes marcaram apenas uma alternativa em cada questão, de quatro possíveis. Os escores estabelecidos para as alternativas são: correta = 3; incompleta = 1; errada = 0; não sei = 0. A pontuação máxima de cada paciente é de 57 pontos. Os resultados do estudo foram: média de idade = 60,9 anos (36/86 ± 9,26). 67,7% dos pacientes entrevistados têm idades entre 51 a 70 anos. A média do tempo de diagnóstico é de 96 meses (1/480 ± 106,58). Foi observado que 59,4% dos pacientes pesquisados foram diagnosticados há mais de três anos. A média do tempo em que um paciente permanece num Programa de Reabilitação Cardíaca é de 33,5 meses (1/360 ± 46,21). Destaca-se que 45,9% dos pacientes estão na faixa de 01 a 12 meses num programa de reabilitação. O local de realização do programa está distribuído em 60% na Rede Pública e 40% na Rede Privada. A maioria dos pacientes (56,1%) tem renda familiar mensal entre 1 e 10 salários mínimos. A maioria dos pacientes pesquisados (60%) tem grau de escolaridade entre o ensino fundamental incompleto e o ensino médio completo. O tamanho da amostra foi considerado satisfatório para a validação do instrumento. Verificou-se que a maioria dos pacientes pesquisados possui experiência tanto no quesito diagnóstico quanto de programa. Considerou-se de aceitável a bom o nível de conhecimento dos pacientes pesquisados. O nível de conhecimento por sexo indicou que amostra masculina (75,5%) tem maior conhecimento que a feminina (60,9%). O nível de conhecimento por idade não apresentou diferença significativa. Em relação ao nível do conhecimento por renda familiar, observou-se que quanto maior a renda familiar do paciente maior o nível de conhecimento. A mesma tendência ocorreu na análise do conhecimento por grau de escolaridade. Quanto ao nível de conhecimento em relação às comorbidades associadas, os pacientes que possuem alguma patologia associada à DAC têm um nível de conhecimento maior quando comparados aos que não apresentaram alguma comorbidade. A validação de clareza atendeu a oito requisitos de construção de itens (questões + respostas), de doze possíveis, e a quantidade dos itens. A adaptação do CADE Q atendeu aos critérios de validade de conteúdo. Na validade de construto, a solução fatorial não se mostrou adequada, pois os itens do instrumento apresentaram características multidimensionais, abrangendo, em sua maioria, mais de uma área de conhecimento. A consistência interna do instrumento apresentou valores de α=0,68, sugerindo certa homogeneidade entre as questões. A fidedignidade do instrumento, avaliada pelo teste-reteste, apresentou ICC de 0,783, demonstrando estabilidade do instrumento. Pode-se afirmar, portanto, que a validação do instrumento CADE Q permitiu verificar o nível de conhecimento dos pacientes pesquisados, tendo o instrumento elevado grau de clareza.

A operação segura e confiável de usinas nucleares não depende só da excelência técnica do projeto e construção, mas também das pessoas e da organização. Por essa razão, a importância dos fatores organizacionais nos mecanismos causais de acidentes tem sido reconhecida por uma série de organizações de pesquisas na Europa, EUA e Japão. Deficiências nesses fatores revelam fragilidades na cultura de segurança da organização. Uma preocupação básica na avaliação de uma cultura de segurança é garantir que os instrumentos de pesquisa sejam válidos e confiáveis. Nas áreas de saúde e de segurança do trabalho há uma série de instrumentos para avaliar a cultura de segurança, para os quais são apresentados estudos de suas proporiedades psicométricas (confiabilidade e validade), mas muito pouco com essas qualidades na área nuclear. No caso específico do Brasil, nenhum. Portanto, o principal objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um modelo capaz de avaliar com medidas válidas e confiáveis a cultura de segurança de instalações nucleares. O instrumento de pesquisa foi desenvolvido com base em princípios psicométricos estabelecidos para pesquisas quantitativas e, portanto, foram realizadas a análise da confiabilidade e as validações de conteúdo, de face e de construto. O instrumento foi aplicado nos institutos de pesquisa da Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN), obtendo-se um total de 226 questionários respondidos. Os resultados da pesquisa possibilitaram caracterizar demograficamente os respondentes e identificar muitos aspectos fortalecidos, mas também algumas fragilidades na cultura de segurança dos institutos avaliados. O instrumento apresentou boas evidências de confiabilidade com o coeficiente alpha de Cronbach de 0,95 para o instrumento como um todo. A validação de construto foi realizada por meio de uma análise fatorial utilizando-se a Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP) e rotação fatorial ortogonal Varimax. Os resultados da análise fatorial permitiram concluir que o instrumento possui boas evidências de validade de construto, mas também sugeriram alguns ajustes no caso de uma nova aplicação do instrumento. / The safe and reliable operation of nuclear power plants does not depend only on technical excellence, but also it depends on people and on the organization. For this reason, the importance of organizational factors in causal mechanisms of accidents has been recognized by a number of research organizations in Europe, USA and Japan. Deficiencies in these factors reveal weaknesses in the organization\'s safety culture. A primary concern in evaluating a safety culture is to ensure that research instruments are valid and reliable. In the areas of occupational health and safety there are series of tools to evaluate the safety culture that present studies of its psychometric properties (reliability and validity), but very few of these qualities in the nuclear area. In the specific case of Brazil, none of these tools exist. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to develop a model to assess the safety culture in nuclear facilities with valid and reliable measures. The survey instrument was developed in accordance with the psychometric principles established for quantitative research and thus were held to analyze the reliability and validation of content, face and construct. The instrument was applied in the research institutes of the Brazilian Nuclear Energy National Commission (CNEN), yielding a total of 226 completed questionnaires answered. The survey results made it possible to characterize demographically the respondents and identify many strengthened aspects, but also some weaknesses in the safety culture of the evaluated institutions. The instrument showed good evidence of reliability with Cronbach\'s alpha coefficient 0,95 for the total instrument. The construct validation was performed by means of a factor analysis with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) extraction method and Varimax orthogonal factor rotation. Although factor analysis results have shown that the instrument has good evidence of construct validity, some adjustments in case of a new application of the instrument have also been suggested.