Investors constantly seek to secure business ventures and structures that will provide them with the most tax-efficient consequences by utilising loopholes in tax legislation and exploiting them within the legal requirements. With the recent growing interest in the undeveloped markets in Africa, many South African companies aim to invest into Africa in a tax-efficient manner. Mauritius, being a low tax jurisdiction and having a favourable tax treaty network with a large number of African countries, is an attractive choice for South African companies wishing to set up a platform for investing into Africa. The aim of this study was to address the shortcomings of efficient tax planning and the approach to invest into Africa using Mauritius as gateway for South African resident companies. The study focused on the tax implications of an offshore trust and offshore company incorporated in Mauritius for tax-efficient investing in order to minimise taxes. Therefore this study did not focus on using Mauritius for tax evasion purposes and a qualitative approach was applied, using a hypothetical case study to determine the most tax-efficient organisational structure for minimising taxes. The findings of the study revealed that, on a balance of case law and tax legislation, a tax-minimising organisational structure is largely influenced by its residency status and South Africa‟s control foreign company (CFC) legislation. Residency for an offshore trust and offshore company will be at the place where it is effectively managed. The findings revealed that the tax consequences are similar for an offshore trust and offshore company in Mauritius legislation. However, the hypothetical case study revealed that the impact of the CFC legislation can have negative consequences for a structure where only an offshore company is used, and therefore the ideal tax-minimising structure will be where a South African company uses a combination of an offshore trust and offshore company in Mauritius in order to avoid the possibility of CFC legislation having an impact on such a structure. / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Taxation / unrestricted

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:16:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3745.pdf: 1636523 bytes, checksum: ff291395015622539adb5578d94e1b7b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-24 / The Business Startup Incubator took a role in promoting interaction between the Public and Private Entities, with the aim to accelerate the cooperation between Universities, Research Centers, the Public and Private Companies. This cooperation is essential for the generation of more research, development and innovation in Brazilian companies. The growing number of Business Startup Incubators was stimulated by agents that are betting that these units can contribute to generating new business enterprise competitive and innovative. Companies participating in the hatching process (pass a certain period in the incubators) receive support in the areas of management, with courses, training and consulting for management training and actions in the area of marketing and sales that give subsidies to compete in the business highly competitive market. In this context, descriptive and exploratory, using a case study on the Business Development Center Business Incubator Jau / SP, aims to understand the process of locating the incubators, in particular the Business Incubator Jau, the interaction between public and private entities involved in the project business incubator, and finally its potential. Data collection was conducted through interviews with a sample of entrepreneurs who participated in the process of incubation in the Business Incubator Jau, using an instrument developed for this purpose, which allowed these companies to characterize and identify their perception regarding the benefits and difficulties of the Business Incubator program in Jau. Through the data obtained, it was observed that the interviewed companies consider important training in business management, stock sales and marketing, research and development, and have adequate infrastructure. These entrepreneurs in the data presented realize tangible benefits in the incubation period, though, demonstrate several difficulties, most pronounced in the case of the infrastructure program in Jau. From the work experience and support of many incubators in Brazil may point to this program as a generator of competitive initiatives, but to do so, it should be a strengthened network of public and private entities with specific purpose in generating ventures competitive and innovative. / As Incubadoras de Empresas assumiram um papel relevante na promoção da interação entre as Entidades Públicas e Privadas, com o propósito de acelerar a cooperação entre Universidades, Centros de Pesquisa, o Poder Público e as Empresas Privadas. Esta cooperação é fundamental para a geração de mais pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inovação nas empresas brasileiras. O crescimento do número de Incubadoras de Empresas foi estimulado por atores que apostam que essas unidades podem contribuir para a geração de novos negócios empresariais competitivos e inovadores. As empresas que participam do processo de incubação (passam um determinado período nas incubadoras) recebem apoio nas áreas de gestão, com cursos, treinamentos e consultorias, para capacitação gerencial e com ações na área de marketing e vendas que dão subsídios para o empresário competir no mercado altamente concorrido. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo entender o processo de implantação das Incubadoras, em especial da Incubadora de Empresas de Jaú; a interação entre as entidades públicas e privadas envolvidas no projeto incubadora de empresas, e por fim suas potencialidades. Nesse contexto foi realizado um estudo de caso sobre o Núcleo de Desenvolvimento Empresarial Incubadora de Empresas de Jaú/SP. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevistas com uma amostra de empresários, que participaram do processo de incubação na Incubadora de Empresas de Jaú, utilizando instrumento elaborado para esse fim, que permitiu caracterizar essas empresas e identificar a percepção destes com relação aos benefícios e dificuldades do programa Incubadora de Empresas em Jaú. Através dos dados obtidos, foi possível observar que as empresas entrevistadas consideram importante a capacitação em gestão empresarial, de ações em marketing e vendas, pesquisa e desenvolvimento, e ter infra-estrutura adequada. Estes empresários percebem benefícios concretos no período de incubação, embora, demonstrem várias dificuldades, mais acentuadas, no caso da infra-estrutura do programa em Jaú. A partir da pesquisa realizada e apoio na experiência das inúmeras incubadoras existentes pelo Brasil pode-se apontar este programa como gerador de iniciativas competitivas, mas para tanto, deve-se existir uma rede fortalecida de entidades públicas e privadas com finalidade especifica na geração de empreendimentos competitivos e inovadores.

This paper analyzes the taxation on foreign dividends in comparative tax law. In particular, we study the European and North American system. Finally, we want to assess the Spanish system to avoid international double taxation and its reform, which will be put in force in 2015. / El trabajo tiene por objeto exponer cuál es el gravamen de los dividendos de fuente extranjera en el Derecho comparado, partiendo de la experiencia europea y la norteamericana. Dicho análisis tiene por finalidad última valorar el sistema español de eliminación de la doble imposición internacional, así como, sobre todo, su reforma, que entrará en vigor en 2015.