The proliferation of the automobile as a personal environment and the construction of freeways in the North American urban landscape during the mid to late 20th century are often blamed for noise and air pollution, the sprawling homogeneous metropolis, the erosion of the neighbourhoods, streets and communities, and a generally destructive quality of life. The construction of Seattle’s I-5 freeway during the 1950s was successful in creating and expanding commuter accessibility for Seattle’s drivers. But in the process it created a border, severing urban communities from one another at a localized level. OnRamp, seeks to reconnect the communities of Capitol Hill and Eastlake through an urban trail design. The intention is to incorporate this trail design into Seattle’s existing historic City Parks system to create a continuous chain of navigable open space in which to wander. The importance of urban freeways in our contemporary cities are often overshadowed by the physical and cultural separations they have created in the urban landscape. When considering freeways, we should resist the impulse to associate them with the ills of society. They are a product of a cultural fascination with prosperity, mobility, privacy and the pastoral. They represent a collective will to create a more satisfactory way of life. They are relics of the past; sculptural artefacts that inform us of where we have been and where we are going. The purpose of OnRamp is to demonstrate how the distinct ecologies of urban freeways and the residual space surrounding them can be creatively entwined with the structure of the city. / October 2007

Currently, laser module package is a popular product in optical fiber communication. In the laser module package process smallness is the key point, so dimensions control to influence the oscillation, ageing of material of the laser module operation. This study aim to simulate the laser module weld part's von Mises stress and the laser module weld part's von Mises strain (by using a commercial FEM package, ANSYS) in different temperature cyclic, From the finding of the study, different material property and geometry contour affect the laser module¡¦s ability and cyclic lifespan. For instance Thermal shock will influence the von Mises stress, and thermal cyclic influences viscoplastic strain range and use life. In addation, creep, ageing and stress relaxation happen easily in the high temperature. When the temperature fixes at cyclic period, changing dwell time affects more than changing ramp time. Furthermore, the effects of the study of solder¡¦s geometry contour and the solder¡¦s material property, the behavior of thermal, their advantage and their disadvantageously are also compared in this report. The future, the results obtained by the analytical model will refer to interrelated research.

The proliferation of the automobile as a personal environment and the construction of freeways in the North American urban landscape during the mid to late 20th century are often blamed for noise and air pollution, the sprawling homogeneous metropolis, the erosion of the neighbourhoods, streets and communities, and a generally destructive quality of life. The construction of Seattle’s I-5 freeway during the 1950s was successful in creating and expanding commuter accessibility for Seattle’s drivers. But in the process it created a border, severing urban communities from one another at a localized level. OnRamp, seeks to reconnect the communities of Capitol Hill and Eastlake through an urban trail design. The intention is to incorporate this trail design into Seattle’s existing historic City Parks system to create a continuous chain of navigable open space in which to wander. The importance of urban freeways in our contemporary cities are often overshadowed by the physical and cultural separations they have created in the urban landscape. When considering freeways, we should resist the impulse to associate them with the ills of society. They are a product of a cultural fascination with prosperity, mobility, privacy and the pastoral. They represent a collective will to create a more satisfactory way of life. They are relics of the past; sculptural artefacts that inform us of where we have been and where we are going. The purpose of OnRamp is to demonstrate how the distinct ecologies of urban freeways and the residual space surrounding them can be creatively entwined with the structure of the city.

The proliferation of the automobile as a personal environment and the construction of freeways in the North American urban landscape during the mid to late 20th century are often blamed for noise and air pollution, the sprawling homogeneous metropolis, the erosion of the neighbourhoods, streets and communities, and a generally destructive quality of life. The construction of Seattle’s I-5 freeway during the 1950s was successful in creating and expanding commuter accessibility for Seattle’s drivers. But in the process it created a border, severing urban communities from one another at a localized level. OnRamp, seeks to reconnect the communities of Capitol Hill and Eastlake through an urban trail design. The intention is to incorporate this trail design into Seattle’s existing historic City Parks system to create a continuous chain of navigable open space in which to wander. The importance of urban freeways in our contemporary cities are often overshadowed by the physical and cultural separations they have created in the urban landscape. When considering freeways, we should resist the impulse to associate them with the ills of society. They are a product of a cultural fascination with prosperity, mobility, privacy and the pastoral. They represent a collective will to create a more satisfactory way of life. They are relics of the past; sculptural artefacts that inform us of where we have been and where we are going. The purpose of OnRamp is to demonstrate how the distinct ecologies of urban freeways and the residual space surrounding them can be creatively entwined with the structure of the city.

The influence of different microstructural attributes on the material properties such strength, hardness, residual stress or other physical properties are very well understood. During the manufacturing of mechanical parts utilized in important industries such as energy, aerospace or biomedical, the effect of the processing in term of thermal and mechanical loading is very important as it is directly influencing the microstructure evolution and the properties. The understanding of how the manufacturing process such as high precision machining will affect first the microstructure and therefore the part properties. In this work, we propose the Materials-Affected Manufacturing (MAM). It is a new paradigm helping to understand the interaction between the manufacturing process parameters, materials microstructure attributes and the properties. This is solved using a computational approach using an iterative blending to relate different models. Residual stresses are also studied. An enhanced analytical model is proposed. The model is capable for the first time to predict analytically the residual stress regeneration in the multi-step machining problem. An enhancement of the existing model is proposed. The (MAM) method was applied to the case of turning process of Aluminum 7075. The average grain size and the crystallographic texture were predicted and validated experimentally. The residual stress regeneration was computed for the case of milling of Aluminum 2024. Experimental validations using X-ray technique were performed for validations.

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O presente trabalho aborda uma análise das deformações residuais que ocorrem em painéis estruturais soldados compostos de chapas de aço com espessura de até 10 mm. Baseando-se em resultados experimentais, obtidos através da realização sistemática de ensaios de soldagem em corposde prova, o autor utiliza-se da análise dimensional para tentar encontrar o melhor correlacionamento entre as variáveis envolvidas no processo. Em seguida, utilizando-se dos recursos da análise de regressão, tenta-se obter algorítimos que facilitem a tarefa de prever as deformações nos referidos painéis. / This study deals with an analysis of residual distortion on welded structural panels with plate thickness up to 10 mm. From a systematic set of experiments conducted for welded test panels, tentative correlations were done in order to relate the major variables involved in the welding process by means of dimensional analysis. Futhermore, by utilizing regression analysis, appropriate equations were developed so that they could be used in the prediction of the residual distortion of the above mentioned panels.

Dimensional stability of materials is of critical importance in the fabrication of precision components used for applications such as optical systems. One source of dimensional instability is residual stress produced on the surfaces of parts due to machining operations. A creep model is proposed in this research that describes how these stressed layers affect the overall geometry of a component as they creep over time and temperature. Depth corrected XRD stress measurements and a bimetallic strip model were utilized to quantify the residual stress layer of two machining operations. The creep model parameters were determined by monitoring curvature over time and temperature. This model can be used for two purposes, the prediction of long term storage effects on part geometry for purposes of reliability assessment, and the design of short term, moderate temperature stress relief treatments. Two alloys were investigated, aluminum 6061-T6, and aluminum 4032-0. A methodology for applying the observed creep strain to complex parts using a finite element analysis is proposed.