En santé, le besoin de quantifier des phénomènes subjectifs a émergé au cours du dernier siècle avec par exemple, l'évaluation de la qualité de vie (QdV), de la fatigue ou de l'anxiété. L'intérêt croissant face à ces mesures de santé perçue appelées "Patient-Reported Outcomes" (PRO) apparaît notamment dans les maladies chroniques. Afin de pouvoir analyser l'évolution de la QdV des patients ou d'autres types de PRO au fil du temps, des données longitudinales sont collectées.Ces données issues de PRO sont difficiles à appréhender car les patients peuvent percevoir et interpréter différemment les questions qui leur sont posées au cours du temps selon l’évolution de leur maladie, en termes de signification, priorités et retentissement sur leur vie personnelle. Ce phénomène, appelé « response shift » (RS), est souvent lié à la façon dont les patients s’adaptent à leur maladie. En présence de RS, les évolutions observées des patients peuvent ne pas refléter correctement les véritables changements ressentis par ceux-ci. L’objectif de ce travail porte sur le développement et l’évaluation de deux approches l’une, basée sur les modèles à équations structurelles (SEM) et l’autre, sur la théorie de réponse à l’item (IRT), avec l’originalité de travailler au niveau de l’item. Ces méthodes permettent la détection et l'estimation du RS ainsi que sa prise en compte lors d’analyses.Les performances des approches ont été évaluées en les appliquant sur des données réelles mais également au moyen d'études de simulations. Les résultats obtenus grâce aux simulations permettent de mieux identifier quelle approche méthodologique adopter selon les contextes. Les avantages et inconvénients de l'utilisation de chacune des méthodes, sont soulignés et des recommandations ont été proposées. / During the last century, many studies in health attempt to measure important characteristics, such as Health Related Quality of Life (QoL) using Patient-reported outcomes (PRO). QoL and other perceived health measures (pain, fatigue, etc.) are increasingly used in chronic diseases. In order to analyse the evolution of patients’ QoL or other types of PRO over time, longitudinal data are collected.These PRO data are difficult to interpret due to the patients’ changing in the standards, values, or conceptualization of what the PRO is intended to measure (eg: QoL). This phenomenon is referred to as “response shift” (RS) and is often linked to the way the patients might adapt or cope with their disease experience. As a consequence of RS, observed patient’s evolutions may thus not properly reflect true perceived health changes.The objective of this work is to develop and assess two approaches at item level, one, based on structural equation modelling (SEM) and other, on item response theory (IRT). These statistical approaches are currently used for RS analysis on PRO data. Both the identification of RS occurrence and its appropriate adjustment in the analyses of longitudinal PRO data are studied.The performance of IRT and SEM were assessed by applying them on real data and through simulations studies. The results obtained in the simulation allow choosing which methodological approach should be applied according to the context.The pros and cons of using one method or another as well as the potential of using both of them as complementary analyses providing different insights into the field of response shift are be underlined.

Because of shortage of natural resources, Taiwan must rely on the imported fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum for power generation. The demand of fossil fuel for all over the world causes increasing energy cost and global warming. Thus, to execute energy-saving policies and to reduce the amount of carbon producing can help many countries to decrease the amount of energy usage and global warming. This thesis proposes a intelligent digital meter by integrating a energy metering IC, microprocessor, and RS485 which support demand response to control loads for residential and commercial customers. The master station can execute real-time management to measure different power consumption, by each load device to support the analysis of customer consumption, and load forecasting with RS485. From the result, the developed intelligent digital meter to verify residential or commercial energy-saving effect and potential.

Due to lack of natural resources, a lot of fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum has to be imported for power generation. Both energy demand all over the world and the price of energy have been increased. To slow down the speed of global warming and to reduce the amount of carbon producing, various energy-saving policies have been applied by many counties to reduce the amount of energy usage. This thesis proposes a energy management system by integrating a ZigBee-based remote controller and a multi-function digital meter for residential and commercial customers. It can be easily installed without requesting modification of original circuits of electric appliances to achieve load for the demand response of the power company. The master station reads the power consumption of appliance through the RS-232 interface and detects controls the state of the remote device. With VB software, the system can measure the amount of power usage, by each load device to support the analysis of customer consumption. The load reduction can easily be achieved with the remote control according to the demand response issued by utility control center. By measuring and verifying the energy management system, the performance of power management is improved.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1971. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1965. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: l. 37-38.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1966. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1965. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: l. 33-34.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1973. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1963. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1965. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: l. 36-37.