Global sustainability issues cross all sectors of society, including businesses, governments, and communities and come with substantial costs. Business organizations are increasingly expected to address sustainability issues in a responsible manner and to disclose socially responsible behaviors accurately and transparently, showing that they are effective at managing and being proactive about sustainability challenges. In light of these pressures and expectations for business organizations, the fundamental research question for this study was whether variation existed in the levels of engagement in sustainability efforts across firms globally, and, more importantly, why such variation existed. The level of strategic firm engagement in sustainability was proposed to be influenced by stakeholders and other factors that had relevance to sustainability. Three types of stakeholders with the potential power and legitimacy for influencing strategic decisions regarding firm engagement in sustainability were investigated - executive management, community and government. Multiple firm-related and country-related contextual factors were also investigated as influencers. The study was global in nature, consisting of four hundred companies in twenty-five countries. Stakeholder theory, as the foundation of the investigation, was supported by the results of the study. Executive management, community, and government as stakeholders were found to have significant influence on the level of firm engagement in sustainability. Firm size, country economy, country technological readiness, country fossil fuel dependence, and industry sector were also found to have significant influence on the level of firm engagement in sustainability and approximately 26% of the variation in firm sustainability engagement was accounted for by the combined influence of executive management, government and community as stakeholder influences and firm size and country technological readiness as contextual factors. Specific findings showed that there were higher levels of firm engagement in sustainability when executive management provided explicit support for sustainability as a strategic issue, in communities with positive supportive norms for sustainability and a higher propensity for citizen-based political action and when there was an optimal level of government regulation and formalized institutional power. Other factors that led to higher levels of firm engagement in sustainability were for firms in energy-related and automotive industry sectors, for larger firms based on revenue size, and for firms with headquarters located in countries with developed economies and higher technological readiness.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A Lei n 12.305, de 2 de agosto de 2010, que instituiu a política nacional de resíduos sólidos impôs deveres a pessoas físicas ou jurídicas, de direito público ou privado, responsáveis, direta ou indiretamente, pela geração de resíduos sólidos e as que desenvolvam ações relacionadas à gestão integrada ou ao gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos. Esta Lei estabeleceu um prazo de até 04 (quatro) anos, contados de sua publicação, para que os municípios apresentassem um plano de gestão integrada de resíduos sólidos para eliminação dos lixões, prazo esse que venceu em agosto de 2014. A pesquisa objetiva demonstrar, estabelecendo desde o histórico dos resíduos sólidos em âmbito internacional e local, passando pelas políticas públicas de resíduos sólidos em âmbito nacional, estadual e municipal, a maneira como a tutela jurisdicional pode atuar quanto à omissão do poder público local em relação à aplicação das políticas públicas de resíduos sólidos, principalmente em relação à nova lei de resíduos sólidos (Lei n 12.305/2010) e suas respectivas responsabilidades. Nesse sentido cumpre mencionar as infrações pelas quais o gestor público e as pessoas físicas e jurídicas que fazem parte dessa relação estarão sendo responsabilizados e de que forma as variadas tutelas do Estado poderão cobrar sua aplicabilidade e intervir em prol da sociedade e de todo o meio ambiente. Em relação ao município de Boa Vista, capital do Estado de Roraima, ainda não há um plano nos moldes ditados pela Lei n 12.305/2010, existindo apenas um Termo de Referência, sem qualquer sinal de uma efetiva solução por parte dos órgãos competentes, demonstrando a falta de vontade política pelo gestor público para solução do problema. Assim sendo, procura-se com a presente pesquisa vislumbrar uma sustentabilidade equilibrada, em consonância com o uso correto dos resíduos sólidos em que o manejo se torna adequado e que, por consequência, tenha resultados sociais e econômicos para toda a sociedade. / Law n. 12.305, of August 2, 2010, which established the national solid waste policy imposed duties to individuals or legal entities, public or private, responsible, directly or indirectly, by the generation of solid waste and to develop actions related to integrated management or management of solid waste. This law established a period of up to four (04) years of its publication, for municipalities to submit an integrated management plan for solid waste for disposal of garbage dumps, this term which expired in August 2014. The research aims to demonstrate, establishing long history of solid waste at the international and local level, through the public policies of solid waste at the national, state and municipal, the way the judicial protection can act as the failure of the local authorities regarding the implementation of public policies solid waste, especially in relation to the new law of solid waste (law n. 12.305 / 2010) and their respective responsibilities. In this sense it is worth mentioning the offenses for which the public manager and the individuals and companies that are part of this relationship are being held accountable and how the various guardianships state may charge its applicability and intervene on behalf of society and the whole environment. Regarding the city of Boa Vista, capital of the State of Roraima, there is still no plan along the lines dictated by Law n. 12.305 / 2010, with only a Reference Term, without any sign of an effective remedy by the competent organs, demonstrating the lack of political will by the public manager to solve the problem. Therefore, searching with this research envision a balanced sustainability, in line with the correct use of solid waste in the management becomes appropriate and therefore has social and economic outcomes for society.