This dissertation is composed of three essays at the intersection of regional economic analysis and industrial organization. In the first chapter, I derive an estimating equation for retail market structure in order to quantify the effects of e-commerce competition on brick and mortar retail establishment and employment counts. Using a multilevel regression specification, I find that (i) e-commerce establishment count exposure results show heterogeneity in the sign of the effects across the retail sectors represented in the data (ii) the magnitude of the e-commerce exposure effect is also heterogeneous across retail sectors (iii) the heterogeneity is not purely random and correlates highly with retail industrial characteristics like the labor share of receipts and profit margins, (iv) the e-commerce exposure is passed through to intensive margins like employment. The second essay turns to a regional focus, where I develop a multilevel difference-in-difference approach to estimate the causal effects of discontinued Shuttle launches on the industry and labor markets of Florida's Space Coast. I find strong evidence for (i) an across industry substitution effect previously unexplored in the regional literature(ii) a spike in unemployment of 17% relative to the estimated counterfactual outcome for the region (iii) a contraction in payroll of nearly 10% of regional GDP in some industries combined with a gain of 7.5% through across industry labor reallocation. In the final essay, I focus on the relationship between the size of retail establishments and the growth of their proximate markets. In accomplishing this, I demonstrate the utility of Department of Defense satellite images of ambient night light activity as a measure of the spatial variation in economic activity, as well as a measure of economic growth. This allowed me to use a dynamic panel regression approach to test the concentrating effect of market growth on retail firms. I find evidence that (i) with an autoregressive coefficient closer to 0 than 1 (alpha=0.23), establishment size is not persistent (ii) firms adjustment contemporaneously to economic growth and discount past growth for hiring decisions (iii) a positive and significant firm size elasticity with respect to spatial variation in economic activity.

While much has been written about retail stores and the retail environment, franchises and organisational marketing, not much can be found on “host” organisations such as shopping centres and their role within the marketing mix. A unique disparity exists within shopping centres in that not only are they an organisation with their own brand identity and culture, but they also play host to numerous retailers and franchises with very clear brands and messages of their own. The question that is often posed to the landlord is therefore whose message or what message is the correct one to market to the common consumer-base targeted by both the shopping centre (landlord) and the tenant (retailers). When considering this, it is important to understand that a symbiotic relationship exists between landlord and tenant within shopping centres in that if a tenant is successful this will result in greater rentals for the landlord and if the landlord’s property is successful, i.e. popular, this will result in greater revenue for the tenant. Both parties therefore actively engage in marketing of their businesses and whilst the message is often noticeably different, what is unique is that this is often to the same consumer-base. Tenants in many shopping centres contribute towards centre marketing expenses as part of their lease agreements and as a result have certain expectations in terms of what message is being marketed. Shopping centres varying in size and tenant numbers make the landlords marketing role that much more complex and often generic messaging is employed to umbrella the wide offering available. This study aims at investigating the expectations held by retail tenants of their shopping centre landlords through the internal communications function. Corporate communication theory as well as public relations theory was used as a grounding.

Subject-matter of this graduation theses is analysis of retail network with groceries in city Kroměříž. Target of analysis is description and evaluation of position and signification particular stores on market with groceries in Kroměříž. Graduation theses targets retail stores that keep trading strings. At these stores is charted: localization, service area, stream buying, buying atmosphere and space solution of interior. Graduation theses adverts to factors, that are important for customers if they decide, where will they buy groceries. At the close of graduation theses is described immediate incoming progress in retail with groceries in Czech Republic.

This paper outlines the development of the Chinese economy and is focused on the retail market. It was conducted between January 1st and May 24th, 2009. It begins with general information about China. This is followed by an analysis of the first reforms, and demographics. Subsequently, it elaborates on the current situation in China and this is followed by detail analysis of Chinese retail market with an example of Wal-Mart nad Carrefour.Finally, the conclusions and recommendations are provided.

Los últimos años se ha podido observar el alto crecimiento en las tiendas de conveniencia en Lima siendo Miraflores unos de los distritos con mayor concentración de esta modalidad tiendas, esto se debe a las características que ofrece este tipo de canal a los consumidores, entre estos podríamos indicar los precios accesibles, calidad en los productos, promoción en redes y medios , los cuales comunican opciones nuevas que faciliten sus compras ,promociones llamativas como combos y productos resaltante que forman de la preferencia de los consumidores peruanos, por último la cercanía en las que se ubican estas tiendas. Con esto se observa que el Marketing Mix juega un papel importante en el crecimiento, expansión y éxito de este canal en el público peruano. Además de esto, se ha podido identificar que la aplicación de la Competitividad de igual manera es esencial para el logro de los objetivos y metas en una compañía. Por este motivo, en esta investigación se pretende mostrar el Marketing Mix y su influencia en la Competitividad en las tiendas de conveniencia en el distrito de Miraflores, año 2018. En el Capítulo I, se expondrá el marco teórico que define el concepto del Marketing Mix y Competitividad, luego se desarrollará la evolución, la importancia de ambos términos para el crecimiento y éxito en una compañía, sus ventajas y dimensiones. Para concluir este punto, se realizará un análisis del sector retail, en el Capítulo II, se indicará el plan de trabajo de investigación, donde se planteará el problema en las tiendas de conveniencia. De igual manera, se presentará la relevancia de la aplicación de ambos términos para este sector, objetivos e hipótesis para este análisis. En el Capítulo III, se desarrollará la metodología de investigación, el cual se definirá el enfoque, diseño de estudio, aplicación de instrumentos y finalmente se presentará la muestra utilizada para alcanzar lo estimado. En el Capítulo IV, se mencionará la metodología aplicada (cualitativa y cuantitativa), donde se presentarán las respuestas obtenidas. En el Capítulo V, se detallarán los resultados obtenidos por la investigación. Finalmente, se indicarán las conclusiones y recomendaciones que podrían llevarse a cabo gracias a este estudio. / In recent years, it has been possible to see the high growth of convenience stores in Lima, being Miraflores one of the districts with the highest concentration of this type of stores. This is due to the particular characteristics offered by this type of channel to consumers, among the ones we could indicate: accessible prices, product quality, networks and media promotion, which communicate new options that facilitate their purchases, flashy promotions such as combos and highlighted products that form the preference of Peruvian consumers and finally the proximity in which these stores are located. With this, it is observed that the Marketing Mix plays an important role in the growth, expansion and success of this channel in the Peruvian public. In addition to this, it has been possible to identify that the application of competitiveness in the same way is essential for the achievement of the objectives and goals in a company. For this reason, this research aims to portray Marketing Mix and its influence on the competitiveness of convenience stores in Miraflores district, 2018. In Chapter I, the theoretical framework that defines the concept of Marketing Mix and Competitiveness will be presented, then the evolution and the importance of both terms for growth and success in a Company, its advantages and dimensions will be developed. To conclude this point, an analysis of the retail sector, in Chapter II, the research work plan will be indicated, where the problem in the convenience stores. In the same way, the relevance of the application of both terms for this sector, objectives and hypotheses for this analysis will be presented. In Chapter III, the research methodology will be developed, which will define the approach, study design, application of instruments and finally the sample used to reach our aim will be presented. In Chapter IV, the applied methodology (qualitative and quantitative) will be mentioned, where the answers obtained. In Chapter V, the results obtained by the investigation will be detailed. Finally, the conclusions and recommendations that could be carried out thanks to this study will be indicated. / Tesis

Available as part of the thesis.

published_or_final_version / Business Administration / Master / Master of Business Administration

published_or_final_version / Business Administration / Master / Master of Business Administration

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