Kristen Binda A Donkey's Worth in South Africa: Domestic Laborer or Export Product; Socioeconomic impacts of China's skin trade on South African donkey owners Master Thesis Prague 2019 Abstract Within South Africa, rural communities use working animals instead of, or combined with mechanization for farming and chores. Development progress may have evaded these areas yet impacts them through globalization and China's expanded market power. The burgeoning market for ejiao, a popular Traditional Chinese Medicine made from boiling donkey hides is a growing issue. Wealthier Chinese consumers, a stalled South African rural population who missed development's benefits plus increasing economic and political engagements between the two countries allows a monopolized, and often exploitative market for donkeys. Politicians are eager to partner with Chinese ejiao retailers despite resulting decimation of donkey populations in some areas of Africa and destruction of livelihoods. I evaluate the value of donkeys as domestic laborers within South Africa along with how China's rapidly expanding market for ejiao and simultaneous consumption of donkeys has affected South Africa to answer in which context donkeys are more valuable. Interview responses and cost-benefit analyses are used to answer the research question and...

<p>Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att kartlägga hur effektiva privata vårdcentraler är, som har avtal med Stockholms läns landsting. Effektiviteten, som i denna studie definieras som vinst, har mätts förhållande till antal patienter, antal läkare och antal läkarbesök.</p><p>Metod: Undersökningen har en deduktiv utgångspunkt och en kvantitativ undersökning har genomförts där empiri har samlats in med hjälp av enkäter samt med en kompletterande telefonintervju. Resultaten jämförs med motsvarande nyckeltal för friskolor.</p><p>Teoretiska perspektiv: De teorier som presenteras i denna uppsats är privatisering, PPP, effektivitet och konkurrens.</p><p>Empiri: Det empiriska avsnittet består dels av sekundärdata; SLL’s ersättningssystem, information från tre vårdbolags och en friskolas årsredovisningar, dels av primärdata; enkätsvaren och resultatet från intervjun.</p><p>Slutsats: Författaren kommer fram till att privata vårdcentraler är effektivare än friskolor gällande vinst i förhållande till läkare/lärare, men att de är mindre effektiva än friskolor gällande vinst i förhållande till patient/elev.</p> / <p>Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to survey how efficient privately run health centers are, which have an agreement with Stockholm’s county council. The efficiency, which in this thesis is defined as revenues, has been measured in relation to number of patients, number of physicians and number of physician appointments.</p><p>Methodology: The survey has a deductive approach and a quantitative survey has been implemented where empirical information has been collected with questionnaires, and through a supplementary phone interview. The results have been compared to corresponding ratios for privately run schools.</p><p>Theoretical perspectives: The theories that are presented in this thesis are privatization, PPP, efficiency and competition.</p><p>Empirical foundation: The empirical part consists of SLL’s compensation system, information from annual reports of care giving companies and a private school, the result from the questionnaires and the interview.</p><p>Conclusion: The author reaches the conclusion that private health centers are more efficient than private schools concerning revenues in relation to physicians/teachers, but that they are less efficient than private schools concerning revenues in relation to patient/student.</p>

This paper gives an outline of the evolution of fiscal policy in Georgia. Starting in the mid-1990s, the authors break the recent Georgian history into two main periods, separated by the Rose Revolution of 2003. The first period was marked by some first efforts to generate and stabilize tax revenues, which were largely offset by the financial crisis of 1998. The Georgian budget at that time was largely financed by foreign sources. Following the Rose Revolution the country’s financial situation has improved, hyperinflation was overcome and public revenues have steadily increased due to administrative changes and tax law reforms.

Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att kartlägga hur effektiva privata vårdcentraler är, som har avtal med Stockholms läns landsting. Effektiviteten, som i denna studie definieras som vinst, har mätts förhållande till antal patienter, antal läkare och antal läkarbesök. Metod: Undersökningen har en deduktiv utgångspunkt och en kvantitativ undersökning har genomförts där empiri har samlats in med hjälp av enkäter samt med en kompletterande telefonintervju. Resultaten jämförs med motsvarande nyckeltal för friskolor. Teoretiska perspektiv: De teorier som presenteras i denna uppsats är privatisering, PPP, effektivitet och konkurrens. Empiri: Det empiriska avsnittet består dels av sekundärdata; SLL’s ersättningssystem, information från tre vårdbolags och en friskolas årsredovisningar, dels av primärdata; enkätsvaren och resultatet från intervjun. Slutsats: Författaren kommer fram till att privata vårdcentraler är effektivare än friskolor gällande vinst i förhållande till läkare/lärare, men att de är mindre effektiva än friskolor gällande vinst i förhållande till patient/elev. / Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to survey how efficient privately run health centers are, which have an agreement with Stockholm’s county council. The efficiency, which in this thesis is defined as revenues, has been measured in relation to number of patients, number of physicians and number of physician appointments. Methodology: The survey has a deductive approach and a quantitative survey has been implemented where empirical information has been collected with questionnaires, and through a supplementary phone interview. The results have been compared to corresponding ratios for privately run schools. Theoretical perspectives: The theories that are presented in this thesis are privatization, PPP, efficiency and competition. Empirical foundation: The empirical part consists of SLL’s compensation system, information from annual reports of care giving companies and a private school, the result from the questionnaires and the interview. Conclusion: The author reaches the conclusion that private health centers are more efficient than private schools concerning revenues in relation to physicians/teachers, but that they are less efficient than private schools concerning revenues in relation to patient/student.

Abstract Democratic politics is founded on local self-government, while promotion and advancement of local self-government rely on abundant local finance. There is a Chinese saying, ¡§finance is the mother of general affairs,¡¨ which refers to finance as the foundation for performing general affairs. As far as our country is concerned, local financial shortage has become a long-term issue. All the city and county governments do not have enough revenues to afford various expenditures. The unbalance between revenues and expenditures results in a wider and wider financial gap. Local governments cannot afford various expenditures or proceed with local infrastructure without debts or subsidies. Kaohsiung City has been in a difficult position of financial shortage in recent years as well, despite being a municipality. The growth rate of annual revenues is far lower than the increase rate of annual expenditures; on the other hand, the government becomes more and more dependent on subsidies every year. As a result, the financial autonomy is lowered, and the financial gap becomes wider as the government still has to owe debts to correspond to the expenditures. A comprehensive review is thus urgently needed, in order to come up with a set of complete and effective plans to improve financial balance and gradually restore sound and stable financial systems. This study investigated and analyzed the financial issues of Kaohsiung City through literature review, secondary data analysis, and empirical analysis, in order to have a solid understanding of the problems concerning the financial status, revenues and expenditures of Kaohsiung City, and to further probe into the influential factors that cause the difference between the revenues and expenditures of Kaohsiung City. It is hoped that this study can help understand the current local financial problems, find strategies to resolve the unbalance between revenues and expenditures, and draw up adequate solution plans, in order to solve the financial problems that Kaohsiung City is facing. Therefore, this study provides the following suggestions: strengthen collection of various taxes to increase treasury income; actively seek new financial resources to enhance self-governing financial power; encourage industries to make investment in Kaohsiung; strive to explore tourism resources to create a solid foundation for growth of tax revenues with prosperous economy; review organization functions and merge agencies with overlapping functions to cut financial expenditures; and encourage public participation in public infrastructure and revive economic activities of private enterprises.

The objective of this paper is to discuss the financial status of Kaohsiung city after the impact of the Governing Allocation of Revenues and Expenditures Act and the merge of Kaohsiung city and county. After Kaohsiung city-county consolidation to elevate status on December 25, 2010, the new government, by the law, needs to accept the obligations and responsibilities of Kaohsiung County in addition to the original outstanding debts of two governments. It is therefore interesting to ask if the restructuring of administrative regions policy leads to the budget deficit of the new government too large. To this end, we test whether the Kaohsiung fiscal deficits are too large to be sustaintable over the period 1987-2010. Our empirical results have shown that, at the present system of laws, the fiscal deficits of the Kaohsiung city-county consolidation are satisfied since they are stationary.

The aim of this master thesis is to describe economy and development of city since 1990. The first part of this thesis is focused on acquirement of theoretical knowledge, which is related to surveyed area. The theoretical part of this thesis is followed by practical part. The practical part is divided into two parts. The first part is focused on economy. Economy of the city was analyzed by several indicators. The economy part was firstly focused on basic budget management and the concentrated on deeper analysis of revenues and expenditures. Indebtedness of city was also analyzed. The second part of practical part was focus on development of city which was analyzed by many indicators which describe different area of development such as demography, social and economic area or infrastructure and Environment.

With increasing foreign revenues, multinational corporations’ need for expatriate assignments shows little sign of slowing down. Maintaining an expatriate is a costly and complicated process, and if the expatriate fails in his/her assignment, the expatriate exercise becomes even more costly for all involved. A prominent issue in international staffing literature is the premature return of an expatriate to his/her home country or resignation during or shortly after the foreign assignment. An expatriate may be defined as an employee who works for a firm but is not a citizen of the country in which the firm is located (host-country). However, he is a citizen of the country in which the organisation is headquartered (parent country). Losses and damages resulting from expatriates returning prematurely or resigning during or shortly after a foreign assignment add up to considerable costs. Considering these costs, it is imperative that expatriate assignments are managed effectively. The above raises the following research questions: <ul> <li>What is the relationship between job attitudes and expatriate managers’ intention to return prematurely from foreign assignments or to resign during or shortly after foreign assignments?</li> <li>What specific aspects of job attitudes are perceived by expatriate managers’ as critical to their adjustment while on a foreign assignment?</li></ul> The main aim of this research is an empirical investigation into the variables influencing expatriates’ job attitudes and a statistical examination of the relationship between job attitudes and expatriates’ intention to quit or return prematurely. The envisioned result is to identify organisational practices that will facilitate expatriate adjustment during a foreign assignment. Successful adjustment will ultimately reduce the number of expatriates returning prematurely and resigning from a foreign assignment, thereby saving multinational corporations considerable expenses. The research was conducted through self-administered questionnaires. A convenience sample with purposive characteristics, comprising of South African managers on foreign assignments, was used. Response was received from 71 managers. The study relied on descriptive and inferential statistical procedures to analyse the quantitative data and analytical induction to analyse the qualitative data. The results of the study showed a negative relationship between certain favourable job attitudes and intention to quit a foreign assignment. Using the Spearman’s rho test the following correlations proved to be significant: role conflict (-.369), job characteristics (-.391) and co-workers (-.349). Job characteristics (-.107), promotional opportunities (.282) and roleconflict (-.312) were identified, usinglogistic regression, as the variables playing a critical role in the expatriates’ decision to quit. The qualitative data analysis added the following critical adjustment aspects: commitment to the vision of the organisation, supportive supervision, organisational support practices, reasonable compensation packages, and realistic expectations. Based on the variables identified as critical, an organisational best practice framework is proposed. This framework can serve as a managerial guideline for South African multinational corporations to facilitate expatriate adjustment. / Thesis (PhD (Organizational Behavior))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Human Resource Management / unrestricted

The theoretical part of the thesis includes the main characteristics of firm's accounting statements and the use of information from accounting statemensts. In the chapter called "The use of information from the accounting statements" is also availability, reliability, intelligibility and comparability of data. The last part of the theoretical thesis are the time limits of publication data. The practical part of the thesis includes the main characteristics of the H. S. O. stavební a obchodní spol. s r. o. and the firm's accounting statements. Next chapter consists of the analysis of costs, revenues and income statement in the time series (the analyse of income statement summarizes costs and revenues). The time series is from 2005 to 2007. The last part of the thesis includes the cash flow analyse in the time series.

This work is aimed on measurement and forecasting of tax revenues. The target is to explain issue of tax revenues measurement by other ways and after that to create forecasting models of tax revenues since 2001 to 2011. For achieving this target is used literature and economethric modeling methodology. At first is analyzed difference between acrual and cash methods of tax revenue's measurement from the view of different methodologies. After that econometric models are created for each of the choosen tax revenues. These models are analyzed for the quality of forecasting. From the results is clear, that tax revenues have a part, which could be described by macroeconomic variables. But these models reveals, that part of the tax revenue could be described by autonomous or random component. Models themselves could be affected by failure of elemental econometrics assumptions.