Thesis (D. Min.)--Denver Conservative Baptist Seminary, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 184-191).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1958. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 92-94).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Denver Conservative Baptist Seminary, 1994. / This is an electronic reproduction of TREN, #090-0132. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 184-191).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2005. Graduate Programme in Psychology. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 110-157). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url%5Fver=Z39.88-2004&res%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss &rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR11753

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-144). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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This study describes what higher education institutions (HEIs) that are known for their research excellence are doing to implement current student and teaching oriented higher education (HE) policies in England and Wales. Pressures to reach increasingly higher levels of excellence in both teaching and research challenge existing structures and mechanisms in these researchintensive universities (RIUs). Options for overcoming challenges are discussed by bringing together perspectives of different stakeholders. This thesis is based on analysis of documentary and empirical data to gain insight into perspectives and experiences of stakeholders of the implementation of current HE policies in England and Wales. Documentary data consisting of publicly available material about HE policies has been analysed by an interpretive analysis of policy, and papers about research have been systematically reviewed. The contents of interviews with academics in four RIUs have been analysed in case studies. This study contributes to existing research on ‘professionalism’ (see, for example, Kolsaker, 2008), ‘effective teaching’ (see, for example, Hunter & Back, 2011), and ‘evaluating teaching quality’ (see, for example, Dornan, Tan, Boshuizen, Gick, Isba, Mann, Scherpbier, Spencer, Timmins, 2014). This study also complements The UK Higher Education Academy’s (HEA) research in this area including Gibbs’ report on quality (2010) as well as earlier work on reward and recognition (2009). Key findings give insight into a troublesome relationship between teaching and research activities, which is at the core of many of the challenges RIUs are facing. Findings showing academics strong interest in their students, teaching, and research highlight their engagement in the development of these key activities. These support recommendations for development processes in RIUs involving organisation wide engagement to build parity of esteem between research and teaching to achieve aims to reach their full potential in terms of excellence in HE.

A number of strategies to lose weight are available. However, a high inter-individual variability is commonly observed in terms of weight loss and its maintenance in individuals enrolled in different interventions. This high variability is mainly explained by individual differences in the activation of compensatory mechanisms triggered by energy deficits. Increases in appetite ratings as well as the rewarding effects of foods are some of the consequences commonly observed from weight loss induced by caloric restriction. On the other side of the energy balance equation, resting energy expenditure (REE) was also found to decrease as consequence of weight loss. Numbers might in fact decrease beyond what could be expected from changes in body weight and composition, highlighting an adaptation in thermogenesis in some individuals. These changes were previously found to be associated with the magnitude of weight loss. However, it is not clear whether different rates of weight loss have a different impact on the compensatory mechanisms described above. Moreover, other questions regarding weight loss maintenance deserve further investigations. For example, the role of exercise, more specifically resistance training (RT), on weight loss maintenance needs additional attention. Accordingly, the present thesis aimed to investigate the effects of caloric restriction on compensatory mechanisms that occur during and after weight loss. We first aimed to determine whether the rate of weight loss differently influence physiological and psychological variables related to energy balance. Secondly, we aimed to elucidate whether early changes in the above mentioned adaptations in energy expenditure (EE) and energy intake (EI) variables predict final outcomes (fat mass - FM and weight loss). Finally, we aimed to determine whether RT promoted greater weight loss maintenance. In Article I and II, we investigated whether different rates of weight loss play a role in EI and EE related-variables. We noted significant increases in fasting appetite measures, as well as increases in satiety measures. REE decreased over time, as did the relative reinforcing value of fruit. No significant group interaction was observed illustrating that different rates of weight loss has no impact on the magnitude of adaptations in EI and EE after weight loss. In article III we demonstrated that early changes in fasting and postprandial appetite measures in response to caloric restriction were associated with greater body weight and FM loss in women. Indeed, greater increases in fasting appetite were associated with greater FM loss, contrary to our hypothesis. However, increases in postprandial appetite were associated with greater FM and body weight loss, independently of changes in eating behaviours. Taken together, articles I and III demonstrated that caloric restriction has a significant impact on increases in appetite and reduction in REE as soon as the in the first week of intervention. Those changes remain significant until the end of the program. In article IV it was shown that 1-year of resistance training (2x/ week) after 6-month of caloric restriction was not sufficient to promote better weight and FM loss in post-menopausal women. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that RT did not improve the differences between measured and predicted measures in REE observed as consequence of weight loss. The picture that emerges is that, increases in appetite and decreases in REE can be observed since the first week of caloric restriction and remain significant until the end of the program, independently of the rate of weight loss. Feeding-related variables such as fasting and postprandial appetite and RRV of a snack food are better predictors of final FM loss, even after adjusting for changes in eating behaviours. In addition, our study demonstrated that different rates of weight loss do not have an independent aspect on either physiological or psychological aspects related to energy balance.

INTRODUCTION: With the advent of advanced neuroimaging, strides have been made towards better understanding the cognitive elements necessary for task processing. Resting state functional connectivity assessments using functional magnetic resonance imaging has allowed patient assessments of underlying neural networks in patient populations with variable constraints. Drug addiction, a chronically relapsing disorder, presents many variable constraints. Cellular and molecular changes in neural reward pathway of drug addicted patient populations have advanced, but circuit-level alterations with reward deficits are yet to be completely understood. Resting state functional connectivity investigations in patient populations that use illicit drugs are seen to have repercussions on neural networks. OBJECTIVE: Assess and compare reward-network resting state functional connectivity investigations in patient populations with illicit drug use. METHODS: A meta-analysis of several resting state functional connectivity studies. Patient populations for each study contained an experimental group of drug users with a group of non-drug using controls to assess changes in resting state functional connectivity of the reward network. Studies utilized Diagnostic and Statistical Manuel of Mental disorders, 4th edition, as the basis of diagnosing drug dependence and abuse. A 3 Tesla MRI scanner was utilized to assess the reward pathway of the drug abuse in all experiments with the exception of one group using a 4 Tesla scanner. Band-pass temporal filtering from roughly 0.01 Hz to 0.1 Hz on residual signals was used to obtain low-frequency fluctuations needed for resting state connectivity analyses. Correlation maps were created by computing the correlation coefficients between the blood oxygen level dependent time course from the seed regions and from all other brain voxels. Regions of interest were chosen based on data from databases or previous studies. RESULTS: Four papers found widespread reductions in the connectivity of multiple reward pathway components. Results of these studies are consistent with perspectives suggesting that transition from drug use to addiction is driven by reduced functioning of reward systems and concurrently increased activation of anti-reward systems. Two studies suggested an increase in reward pathway of drug use, suggesting enhanced connectivity within reward and motivation circuits may be interpreted in the perspective of altered incentive salience for drugs and drug-associated stimuli. CONCLUSION: At early stage of experimental data in this field, data interpretation necessitates caution. Small sample sizes, heterogeneous subject groups and variable experimental paradigms may have lead to opposing findings. With certainty, chronic drug use was found to alter reward pathway in patient populations.