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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Chemical and rheological characterization of an asphalt cement(AC)modified polymers / CaracterizaÃÃo quÃmica e reolÃgica de asfaltos modificados por polÃmeros

Maria da ConceiÃÃo Cavalcante Lucena 23 May 2005 (has links)
Neste trabalho foi realizado o estudo da caracterizaÃÃo quimica e reologica do cimento asfaltico produzido recentemente no pais, oriundo de petroleo do Campo Fazenda Alegre, no estado do Espirito Santo. Para efeito de comparaÃÃo, tambem foram estudados os asfaltos da refinaria Vale do Paraiba e os estrangeiros arabe e venezuelano. Os asfaltos foram modificados por incorporaÃÃo dos polimeros SBS e EVA, e os efeitos resultantes da modificaÃÃo foram avaliados. Os parÃmetros investigados visaram a avaliaÃÃo de problemas usuais como: deformaÃÃo permanente, trincas termicas e oxidaÃÃo. Os polimeros foram caracterizados atraves de termogravimetria e calorimetria exloratoria diferencial e por espectroscopia no infravermelho. Os asfaltos puros e modificados foram caracterizados por espectroscopia no infravermelho, ressonÃncia magnetica nuclear, calorimetria exploratoria diferencial, termogravimetria e cromatografia de permeaÃÃo em gel. A composiÃÃo quimica foi realizada atraves do fracionamento SARA e teor de enxofre. Ensaios empiricos como ponto d amolecimento, penetraÃÃo e retorno elastico tambem foram realizados. As propriedades reologicas foram avaliadas atravÃs da viscosidade absoluta e de ensaios dinÃmico-mecÃnicos. O envelhecimento oxidativo dos asfaltos foi avaliado a partir da analise dos espectros no infravermelho e de ressonÃncia magnÃtica nuclear, alem da variaÃÃo do modulo complexo de cisalhamento dinÃmico. Observou-se que os asfaltos brasileiros diferem em relaÃÃo aos teores de carbonos aromÃticos, quando comparados com o asfalto Ãrabe. Alem disso, apresentam comportamento diversos frente à presenÃa de oxigÃnio. Nos asfaltos modificados pos SBS, o ensaio de calorimetria exploratÃria diferencial mostrou uma diminuiÃÃo na transiÃÃo vÃtrea do material. A presenÃa do SBS aumentou a resistÃncia do asfalto ao processo oxidativo. A adiÃÃo do SBS e do EVA provocou um aumento da viscosidade do asfalto de forma nÃo linear indicando que os polÃmeros nÃo sÃo aditivos inertes. O comportamento Newtoniano nÃo foi verificado para os ligantes modificados. Ensaios dinÃmicos-mecÃnicos demonstraram que o SBS elevou o grau de desempenho dos ligantes. Os ensaios com as aparas da industria de calÃados (EVA), indicaram uma melhoria na elasticidade do ligante. / This work presents a study on chemical and rheological characterization of an asphalt cement (AC) recently produced in Brazil, originated of petroleum of the field of Fazenda Alegre at the state of EspÃrito Sa nto. A second Brazilian petroleum and also a foreign one were also studied, and their respective asphalts were compared to the Fazenda Alegre AC. The effect of polymers such as SBS and EVA on the chemical and rheological behavior of the investigated ACs was also object of the study. Typical pavement distresses were considered, such as permanent deformation, thermal cracking and oxidation. The polymers were examined using therm ogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry and also infrared spectroscopy. Base and modi fied asphalt cements were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, nucl ear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calori metry and gel permeation chromatography. The chemical composition was found by the SARA method a nd the sulfur amount. Empirical tests such as softening point, penetration and elastic recovery were also performed. Rheological properties were determined by the absolute viscosity and dynamic mechanical analyses. The oxidative aging of asphalts was analyzed by the infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance as well by the variati on of complex shear modulus. The observed structural characteristics show ed that the Brazilian asphalt has a different structure when compared to foreign asphalts, evidenced by a different amount of aromatic carbon. In addition, the asphalts showed different beha vior when exposed to oxidative conditions. The differential scanning calorimetry results showed a decrease in glass transition temperatures in the polymer modi fied asphalts. The effect of SBS and EVA were also observed in the viscosity measurem ents. An increase in the absolute viscosity and a Non-Newtonian behavior was observe d. Therefore, polymers acted as non-inert additives. Dynamic mechanical analyses demonstrated that SBS increases the binder performance grade. The analyses performed in the asphalts modified by the residue of sandalâs industry showed an improvement in elasticity.

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