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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Reduction Precedes Cytidylyltransfer Without Substrate Channeling in Distinct Active Sites of the Bifunctional CDP-Ribitol Synthase From Haemophilus Influenzae / Bifunctional CDP-Ribitol Synthase From H. Influenzae

Zolli, Michela 02 1900 (has links)
CDP-ribitol synthase is a bifunctional reductase and cytidylyltransferase that catalyzes the transformation of D-ribulose 5-phosphate, NADPH and CTP to CDP-ribitol, a repeating unit presem in the virulence-associated polysaccharide capsules of Haemophilus influenzae type a and b (Follens et al., 1999, J Bacterial. 181: 2001). In the work described here, we investigated the order of the reactions catalyzed by CDPribitol synthase and conducted experiments to resolve the question of substrate channeling in this bifunctional enzyme. It was determined that the synthase first catalyzed the reduction ofo-ribulose 5-phosphate followed by cytidylyltransfer to oribitol 5-phosphate. Steady state kinetic measurements revealed a 650-fold kinetic preference for cytidylyltransfer too-ribitol 5-phosphate over o-ribulose 5-phosphate. Rapid mixing studies indicated quick reduction of o-ribulose 5-phosphate with a lag in the cytidylyltransfer reaction consistent with a requirement for the accumulation of Km quantities of o-ribitol 5-phosphate. Signature motifs in the C-terminal and N-terminal sequences of the enzyme (short chain dehydrogenase/reductase and nucleotidyltransferase motifs, respectively) were targeted with site directed mutagenesis to generate variants that were impaired for only one of the two activities (K386A and R18A impaired for reduction and cytidylyltransfer, respectively). Release and free diffusion of the metabolic intermediate o-ribitol 5-phosphate was indicated by the finding that equimolar mixtures of K386A and R18A variants were efficient for bifunctional catalysis. Taken together these findings suggest that bifunctional turnover occurs in distinct active sites of CDP-ribitol synthase with reduction of n-ribulose 5-phosphate, release and free diffusion of the metabolic intermeditate n-ribitol 5-phosphate followed by cytidylyltransfer. / Thesis / Master of Science (MS)
2

Compréhension du métabolisme cellulaire et de la synthèse du polyoside capsulaire chez Haemophilus influenzae de type b / Understanding the cell metabolism and synthesis of the capsular polysaccharide from Haemophilus influenzae type b

Le hir, Jerome 25 October 2012 (has links)
Réalisé au sein du LISBP (Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, INSA Toulouse), ce travail porte sur l’étude du germe pathogène Haemophilus influenzae de type b (Hib). L’objectif du travail est l’amélioration de la compréhension du métabolisme cellulaire et de la synthèse du polyoside capsulaire chez Hib, utilisé pour la fabrication du vaccin. Ainsi, une étude bibliographique associée à une analyse in silico et à une démarche expérimentale rationnelle a permis de développer un milieu chimiquement défini répondant aux critères de robustesse du procédé et de qualité du produit. Par ce travail, il a pu être défini les facteurs nutritionnels et environnementaux influents sur la production de biomasse et de PRP. Plus généralement, ce travail a permis une meilleure compréhension de la physiologie cellulaire. Une étude Bioinformatique et Transcriptomique a permis l’établissement de cartes métaboliques spécifiques de la souche Hib de notre étude, et de mieux comprendre l’influence du milieu de culture sur la production de polyoside capsulaire. En complément, une étude Fluxomique a permis de développer les connaissances sur le métabolisme général de la souche et plus particulièrement sur la voie de synthèse du polyoside.Sur un plan plus appliqué, une corrélation directe entre la consommation de glucose et la production de polyoside a pu être établie, et ce, dans un environnement maîtrisé de culture en fermenteur. La combinaison du travail développé tant sur le procédé que sur le milieu de culture chimiquement défini ou la sélection de souche, a permis, à l’échelle laboratoire, une multiplication par 6,2 de la production de polyoside capsulaire (7,8 en spécifique) par rapport à la condition initiale de l’étude en milieu complexe. Ce résultat a alors pu être validé chez Sanofi-pasteur à l’échelle pré-industrielle (1000L), tout en conservant une qualité du produit conforme aux critères de production pharmaceutique / This work, undertaken at LISBP (Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, INSA Toulouse), concerns the study of the pathogen Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). The objective was to improve the understanding of cellular metabolism and the synthesis of the capsular polysaccharide in Hib, used for vaccine production. A literature review coupled with a rational experimental approach has enabled a chemically defined medium that meets the criteria of process robustness and product quality to be developed. This work has defined the key nutritional and environmental factors affecting biomass and PRP production. Bioinformatics and Transcriptomic studies have allowed the specific metabolic characteristics of the Hib strain to be mapped and enabled a better understanding of the influence of culture medium on capsular polysaccharide production to be obtained. A Fluxomics study points to specific organization of the central pathways and more specifically the interaction between the pentose phosphate pathway and the pathway of polysaccharide biosynthesis. On a more applied aspect, direct correlation between glucose consumption and production of polysaccharide was established in a batch culture. The combined knowledge obtained in this study enabled a 6.2-fold increase in production of capsular polysaccharide (7.8 in specific production) to be obtained in laboratory scale installations as compared to the initial fermentation process using complex media. This result was then validated at Sanofi-pasteur at the pilot-plant level (1000L), and shown to maintain product quality as defined by pharmaceutical production criteria

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